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Tsikas D. Acetazolamide and human carbonic anhydrases: retrospect, review and discussion of an intimate relationship. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2291336. [PMID: 38078375 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2291336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetazolamide (AZM) is a strong pharmacological sulphonamide-type (R-SO2-NH2, pKa 7.2) inhibitor of the activity of several carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms, notably of renal CA II (Ki, 12 nM) and CA IV (Ki, 74 nM). AZM is clinically used for about eighty years in various diseases including epilepsy and glaucoma. Pharmacological AZM increases temporarily the urinary excretion of bicarbonate (HCO3-) and sodium ions (Na+) and sustainably the urinary pH. AZM is excreted almost unchanged over several hours at high rates in the urine. Closely parallel concentrations of circulating and excretory AZM are observed upon administration of therapeutical doses of AZM. In a proof-of-principle study, we investigated the effects of the ingestion of a 250-mg AZM-containing tablet by a healthy volunteer on the urinary excretion of organic and inorganic substances over 5 h (range, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 h). Measured analytes included: AZM, amino acids and their metabolites such as guanidinoacetate, i.e. the precursor of creatine, of asymmetrically (ADMA) and symmetrically (SDMA) dimethylated arginine, nitrite (O = N-O-, pKa 3.4) and nitrate (O2N-O-, pKa -1.37), the major metabolites of nitric oxide (NO), the C-H acidic malondialdehyde (MDA; (CHO)2CH2, pKa 4.5), and creatinine for correction of analytes excretion. All analytes were measured by validated isotopologues using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. AZM excretion in the urine reached its maximum value after 2 h and was fairly stable for the next 3 h. Time series analysis by the ARIMA method was performed. AZM ingestion increased temporarily the urinary excretion of the amino acids Leu + Ile, nitrite and nitrate, decreased temporarily the urinary excretion of other amino acids. AZM decreased sustainably the urinary excretion of MDA, a biomarker of oxidative stress (i.e. lipid peroxidation). Whether this decrease is due to inhibition of the excretion of MDA or attenuation of oxidative stress by AZM is unknown. The acute and chronic effects of AZM on the urinary excretion of electrolytes and physiological substances reported in the literature are discussed in depth in the light of its extraordinary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Tolerance development/drug resistance to AZM in chronic use and potential mechanisms are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Core Unit Proteomics, Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Ganapathiraju MK, Triptish B, Deshpande S, Wesesky M, Wood J, Nimgaonkar VL. Schizophrenia interactome derived repurposable drugs and randomized control trials of two candidates. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01426-4. [PMID: 38950808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
There is a substantial unmet need for effective and patient-acceptable drugs to treat severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia. Computational analysis of genomic, transcriptomic, and pharmacologic data generated in the past two decades enables repurposing of drugs or compounds with acceptable safety profiles, namely those that are FDA-approved or reached late stages in clinical trials. We developed a rational approach to achieve this computationally for schizophrenia by studying drugs that target the proteins in its protein interaction network ('interactome'). This involved contrasting the transcriptomic modulations observed in the disorder and the drug; our analyses resulted in 12 candidate drugs, 9 of which had additional supportive evidence: their target networks were enriched for pathways relevant to schizophrenia etiology or for genes that had an association with diseases pathogenically similar to schizophrenia. To translate these computational results to the clinic, these shortlisted drugs must be tested empirically through randomized controlled trials (RCT), where their prior safety approvals obviate the need for time-consuming phase I and II studies. We selected two among the shortlisted candidates based on likely adherence and side effect profiles. We are testing them through adjunctive RCTs for patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who experienced incomplete resolution of psychotic features with conventional treatment. The integrated computational analysis for identifying and ranking drugs for clinical trials can be iterated as additional data are obtained. Our approach could be expanded to enable disease subtype-specific drug discovery in future and should also be exploited for other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi K Ganapathiraju
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Bhatia Triptish
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, ABVIMS- Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Smita Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry, St John's Medical College Hospital, Koramangala, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560034, India
| | - Maribeth Wesesky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Veterans Administration Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Erdal E, Bakici C, Arslan A, Batur B, Yaman ME, Alçığır ME, Akyol M, Ekim O, Salih B, Uğurlu N. Ocular pharmacokinetics and toxicity of nanoparticular acetazolamide: In vivo distribution and safety of PHBV-ACZ nanoparticle. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123336. [PMID: 37598873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is defined as fluid accumulation in the macular region, between the retinal layers, due to many diseases, especially diabetes. DME is one of the major complications of diabetic retinopathy (DRP). Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) are a pharmaceutical agent used in different fields, especially glaucoma treatment. Acetazolamide (ACZ), which is a CAI, is an active substance that has been used off-label for many years in the treatment of macular edema due to diabetes and many other diseases. The low solubility and bioavailability of ACZ limit its use in the treatment of DME. In this study, a nanoparticulate formulation was developed that would increase the solubility and bioavailability of ACZ and allow it to be administered intravitreally. ACZ was loaded on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles and the loading efficiency was 71.58 ± 1.22%. Toxicity of nanoparticles after intravitreal application was evaluated with anterior segment and posterior segment examination findings, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements and electrophysiological tests. At the end of the 3-month follow-up, electroretinography (ERG) measurements demonstrated that ACZ loaded PHBV (PHBV-ACZ) nanoparticles did not cause loss of function in retinal cells. On histological examination, rare degenerative changes were observed in several cell groups. In addition, pharmacokinetic studies were performed to determine the tissue distribution of ACZ at various periods. ACZ was identified in vitreous humor and retina at the highest concentration. Based on our results, the prepared nanoparticle formulation can release long-term CAI for DRP therapy and accordingly can reduce the need for monthly intravitreal injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Erdal
- Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Caner Bakici
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Arslan
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Center, Queen's University Belfast, Northern, Ireland, UK
| | - Barış Batur
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emrah Yaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Eray Alçığır
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kirikkale University, 71450 Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Mesut Akyol
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Okan Ekim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Uğurlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Ophtalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800, Turkey.
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Prieto-Garcia JM, Graham L, Alkhabbaz O, Mazzari ALDA. Potential Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Common Cardiovascular Drugs and Selected European and Latin American Herbal Medicines: A Scoping Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030623. [PMID: 36771707 PMCID: PMC9920503 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herb-drug interactions are nowadays an important decision factor in many healthcare interventions. Patients with cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension are usually prescribed long-term treatments. We need more informed decision tools to direct future clinical research and decision making to avoid HDI occurrences in this group. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using data from online databases such as PUBMED, the National Library of Medicine, and the electronic Medicines Compendium. Included studies consisted of the reported effects on Phase 1/2 and P-glycoprotein of herbal medicines listed in the medicines agencies of Latin America and Europe and drugs used for cardiovascular conditions (statins, diuretics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and ACE inhibitors). The cross tabulation of the results allowed for finding potential HDI. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS as per the preclinical data reviewed here, we encourage more clinical research on whether drugs with apparently very low interaction risk, such as pravastatin, nadolol, and nimodipine/nitrendipine, may help prevent HDI when statins, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers, respectively, are prescribed for long-term treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Prieto-Garcia
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Louise Graham
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Osamah Alkhabbaz
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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In silico, in vitro, and in vivo human metabolism of acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and common "diuretic and masking agent" in doping. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1989-2001. [PMID: 35410394 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetazolamide (ACZ) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor prescribed for the treatment of various pathologies. It is also used in doping and is prohibited in and out of sportive competitions. ACZ was reported not to undergo metabolization. However, the detection of ACZ metabolites may be critical for documenting ACZ use. We aimed to further investigate ACZ metabolic fate in humans. ACZ putative metabolites were generated in silico to assist in metabolite identification. ACZ was incubated with primary human hepatocytes to identify in vitro metabolites (10 µmol/l ACZ and 106 cells/ml), and urine and plasma samples from patients receiving a single 5.0 mg/kg BW PO ACZ dose were analyzed to confirm the results in vivo. Analyses were performed with reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-HRMS/MS and HILIC-HRMS/MS, respectively). Data were screened with a software-assisted targeted/untargeted workflow. ACZ was quantified in urine samples with creatinine normalization. We identified two metabolites in hepatocyte incubations and three additional metabolites in urine and plasma. Major transformations included cysteine conjugation, glucuronidation, and N-acetylation. All metabolites were detected in plasma, 1.5 h after intake. Major metabolites were detected in urine from 0.25 to 24 h (last collection) after intake. As opposed to the literature, ACZ does undergo metabolization in humans. We propose ACZ, ACZ-Cys, and N-acetyl-ACZ in urine, and ACZ and N-acetyl-ACZ in plasma as specific biomarkers of ACZ intake in doping.
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Nada H, Elkamhawy A, Abdellattif MH, Angeli A, Lee CH, Supuran CT, Lee K. 4-Anilinoquinazoline-based benzenesulfonamides as nanomolar inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX, and XII: design, synthesis, in-vitro, and in-silico biological studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:994-1004. [PMID: 35350942 PMCID: PMC8973350 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2055553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (hCAIs) are a key therapeutic class with a multitude of novel applications such as anticonvulsants, topically acting antiglaucoma, and anticancer drugs. Herein, a new series of 4-anilinoquinazoline-based benzenesulfonamides were designed, synthesised, and biologically assessed as potential hCAIs. The target compounds are based on the well-tolerated kinase scaffold (4-anilinoquinazoline). Compounds 3a (89.4 nM), 4e (91.2 nM), and 4f (60.9 nM) exhibited 2.8, 2.7, and 4 folds higher potency against hCA I when compared to the standard (AAZ, V), respectively. A single digit nanomolar activity was elicited by compounds 3a (8.7 nM), 4a (2.4 nM), and 4e (4.6 nM) with 1.4, 5, and 2.6 folds of potency compared to AAZ (12.1 nM) against isoform hCA II, respectively. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and molecular docking studies validated our design approach that revealed highly potent hCAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Nada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Kyeong Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Kumar S, Yadav Ravulapalli S, Kumar Tiwari S, Gupta S, Nair AB, Jacob S. Effect of sex and food on the pharmacokinetics of different classes of BCS drugs in rats after cassette administration. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121221. [PMID: 34695535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cassette dosing technique is employed in the drug discovery stage of non-clinical studies to obtain pharmacokinetic data from multiple drug candidates in a single experiment. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the effect of sex and food on the selected pharmacokinetic parameters of four biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) drugs (BCS-I: propranolol, BCS-II: diclofenac, BCS-III: atenolol, and BCS-IV: acetazolamide) utilizing cassette dosing in male and female rats under fed and fasting conditions. Different animal groups were dosed intravenous (i.v) and oral at 1 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, in the form of cassette at a dose of 5 mL/kg. Blood samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated using Phoenix software version 8.1. A significant increase (p < 0.05) of the area under the plasma concentration-time (AUC0-last) was observed for diclofenac and acetazolamide in females over males after i.v dosing. Additionally, acetazolamide showed greater instantaneous concentration at the time of dosing, and clearance in females (p < 0.05) compared to males after i.v administration. After oral dosing, propranolol exhibited significant variations (p < 0.05) in the maximum drug concentration (Cmax), AUC0-last, the volume of distribution (Vd), and bioavailability in females as compared to males under fed state. Diclofenac showed significant changes (p < 0.05) in AUC0-last, and clearance (Cl) in females as compared to males under fasting and fed state. However, acetazolamide exhibited a significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in AUC0-last, Vd, and Cl in fasting females than the males. The data here illustrates that there is an appreciable difference in AUC and Cmax values exist in male and female rats under fed and fasting conditions administered with the cassette dosing of tested BCS class drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- M M College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | | | - Sudhir Kumar Tiwari
- Aragen Life Sciences Private Limited, Plot No. 28 A, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- M M College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India.
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
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Abutaleb NS, Elhassanny AEM, Nocentini A, Hewitt CS, Elkashif A, Cooper BR, Supuran CT, Seleem MN, Flaherty DP. Repurposing FDA-approved sulphonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:51-61. [PMID: 34894972 PMCID: PMC8667909 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1991336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a high-priority pathogen of concern due to the growing prevalence of resistance development against approved antibiotics. Herein, we report the anti-gonococcal activity of ethoxzolamide, the FDA-approved human carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Ethoxzolamide displayed an MIC50, against a panel of N. gonorrhoeae isolates, of 0.125 µg/mL, 16-fold more potent than acetazolamide, although both molecules exhibited almost similar potency against the gonococcal carbonic anhydrase enzyme (NgCA) in vitro. Acetazolamide displayed an inhibition constant (Ki) versus NgCA of 74 nM, while Ethoxzolamide’s Ki was estimated to 94 nM. Therefore, the increased anti-gonococcal potency of ethoxzolamide was attributed to its increased permeability in N. gonorrhoeae as compared to that of acetazolamide. Both drugs demonstrated bacteriostatic activity against N. gonorrhoeae, exhibited post-antibiotic effects up to 10 hours, and resistance was not observed against both. Taken together, these results indicate that acetazolamide and ethoxzolamide warrant further investigation for translation into effective anti-N. gonorrhoeae agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VI, USA
| | - Ahmed E M Elhassanny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VI, USA
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Chad S Hewitt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ahmed Elkashif
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bruce R Cooper
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VI, USA.,Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VI, USA
| | - Daniel P Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Inpatient Diuretic Management of Acute Heart Failure: A Practical Review. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2021; 21:595-608. [PMID: 33709346 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-020-00463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The inpatient treatment of acute heart failure (AHF) is aimed at achieving euvolemia, relieving symptoms, and reducing rehospitalization. Adequate treatment of AHF is rooted in understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of select diuretic agents used to achieve decongestion. While loop diuretics remain the primary treatment of AHF, the dosing strategies of loop diuretics and the use of adjunct diuretic classes to augment clinical response can be complex. This review examines the latest strategies for diuretic management in patients with AHF, including dosing and monitoring strategies, interaction of diuretics with other medication classes, use adjunctive therapies, and assessing endpoints for diuretic. The goal of the review is to guide the reader through commonly encountered clinical scenarios and pitfalls in the diuretic management of patients with AHF.
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Delamarche E, Temiz Y, Lovchik RD, Christiansen MG, Schuerle S. Capillary Microfluidics for Monitoring Medication Adherence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research Europe Saeumerstrasse 4 Rueschlikon Switzerland
| | | | - Michael G. Christiansen
- Institute for Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Institute for Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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11
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Delamarche E, Temiz Y, Lovchik RD, Christiansen MG, Schuerle S. Capillary Microfluidics for Monitoring Medication Adherence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17784-17796. [PMID: 33710725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medication adherence is a medical and societal issue worldwide, with approximately half of patients failing to adhere to prescribed treatments. The goal of this Minireview is to examine how recent work on microfluidics for point-of-care diagnostics may be used to enhance adherence to medication. It specifically focuses on capillary microfluidics since these devices are self-powered, easy to use, and well established for diagnostics and drug monitoring. Considering that an improvement in medication adherence can have a much larger effect than the development of new medical treatments, it is long overdue for the research communities working in chemistry, biology, pharmacology, and material sciences to consider developing technologies to enhance medication adherence. For these reasons, this Minireview is not meant to be exhaustive but rather to provide a quick starting point for researchers interested in joining this complex but intriguing and exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research Europe, Saeumerstrasse 4, Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael G Christiansen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hampson AJ, Schroeder JR, Ellefsen KN, Yammine L, Epstein DH, Preston KL, Huestis MA, Verrico CD. Subtherapeutic Acetazolamide Doses as a Noninvasive Method for Assessing Medication Adherence. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 108:1203-1212. [PMID: 32496573 PMCID: PMC7669583 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adherence monitoring is a vital component of clinical efficacy trials, as the regularity of medication consumption affects both efficacy and adverse effect profiles. Pill-counts do not confirm consumption, and invasive plasma assessments can only assist post hoc assessments. We previously reported on the pharmacokinetics of a potential adherence marker to noninvasively monitor dosage consumption during a trial without breaking a blind. We reported that consumption cessation of subtherapeutic 15 mg acetazolamide (ACZ) doses showed a predictable urinary excretion decay that was quantifiable for an extended period. The current study describes the clinical implementation of 15 mg ACZ doses as an adherence marker excipient in distinct cohorts taking ACZ for different "adherence" durations. We confirm that ACZ output did not change (accumulate) during 18-20 days of adherence, and developed and assessed urinary cutoffs as nonadherence indicators. We demonstrate that whereas an absolute concentration cutoff (989 ng/mL) lacked sensitivity, a creatinine normalized equivalent (1,376 ng/mg ACZ) was highly accurate at detecting nonadherence. We also demonstrate that during nonadherent phases of three trials, creatinine-normalized urinary ACZ elimination was reproducible within and across trials with low variability. Excretion was first order, with a decay half-life averaging ~ 2.0 days. Further, excretion remained quantifiable for 14 days, providing a long period during which the date of last consumption might be determined. We conclude that inclusion of 15 mg ACZ as a dosage form adherence marker excipient, provides a reliable and sensitive mechanism to confirm medication consumption and detect nonadherence during clinical efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan J Hampson
- Division of Therapies and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer R Schroeder
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kayla N Ellefsen
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Travis County Medical Examiner's Office, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Luba Yammine
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David H Epstein
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenzie L Preston
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute on Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher D Verrico
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Research Service Line, Department of Veterans Affairs, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Mohsen AM, Salama A, Kassem AA. Development of acetazolamide loaded bilosomes for improved ocular delivery: Preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Supuran CT. An update on drug interaction considerations in the therapeutic use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:297-307. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1743679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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15
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Begou O, Drabert K, Theodoridis G, Tsikas D. GC-NICI-MS analysis of acetazolamide and other sulfonamide (R-SO 2-NH 2) drugs as pentafluorobenzyl derivatives [R-SO 2-N(PFB) 2] and quantification of pharmacological acetazolamide in human urine. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:49-59. [PMID: 32123599 PMCID: PMC7037487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetazolamide (molecular mass (MM), 222) belongs to the class of sulfonamides (R-SO2-NH2) and is one of the strongest pharmacological inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase activity. Acetazolamide is excreted unchanged in the urine. Here, we report on the development, validation and biomedical application of a stable-isotope dilution GC-MS method for the reliable quantitative determination of acetazolamide in human urine. The method is based on evaporation to dryness of 50 μL urine aliquots, base-catalyzed derivatization of acetazolamide (d0-AZM) and its internal standard [acetylo-2H3]acetazolamide (d3-AZM) in 30 vol% pentafluorobenzyl (PFB) bromide in acetonitrile (60 min, 30 °C), reconstitution in toluene (200 μL) and injection of 1-μL aliquots. The negative-ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectra (methane) of the PFB derivatives contained several intense ions including [M]‒ at m/z 581 for d0-AZM and m/z 584 for d3-AZM, suggesting derivatization of their sulfonamide groups to form N,N-dipentafluorobenzyl derivatives (R-SO2-N(PFB)2), i.e., d0-AZM-(PFB)2 and d3-AZM-(PFB)2, respectively. Quantification was performed by selected-ion monitoring of m/z 581 and 83 for d0-AZM-(PFB)2 and m/z 584 and 86 for d3-AZM-(PFB)2. The limits of detection and quantitation of the method were determined to be 300 fmol (67 pg) and 1 μM of acetazolamide, respectively. Intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy for acetazolamide in human urine samples in pharmacologically relevant concentration ranges were determined to be 0.3%–4.2% and 95.3%–109%, respectively. The method was applied to measure urinary acetazolamide excretion after ingestion of a 250 mg acetazolamide-containing tablet (Acemit®) by a healthy volunteer. Among other tested sulfonamide drugs, methazolamide (MM, 236) was also found to form a N,N-dipentafluorobenzyl derivative, whereas dorzolamide (MM, 324) was hardly detectable. No GC-MS peaks were obtained from the PFB bromide derivatization of hydrochlorothiazide (MM, 298), xipamide (MM, 355), indapamide and metholazone (MM, 366 each) or brinzolamide (MM, 384). We demonstrate for the first time that sulfonamide drugs can be derivatized with PFB bromide and quantitated by GC-MS. Sulfonamides with MM larger than 236 are likely to be derivatized by PFB bromide but to lack thermal stability. The sulfonamide group of acetazolamide was derivatized for the first time with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. Other sulfonamides were also derivatized for the first time with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. Pentafluorobenzyl derivatives of acetazolamide and other sulfonamides are useful for GC-MS. The validated method was used to quantify pharmacological acetazolamide in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Begou
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- BIOMIC_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kathrin Drabert
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- BIOMIC_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, 10th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Albatany M, Ostapchenko VG, Meakin S, Bartha R. Brain tumor acidification using drugs simultaneously targeting multiple pH regulatory mechanisms. J Neurooncol 2019; 144:453-462. [PMID: 31392597 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasively distinguishing aggressive from non-aggressive brain tumors is an important clinical challenge. Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation is essential for normal cell function and is normally maintained within a narrow range. Cancer cells are characterized by a reversed intracellular to extracellular pH gradient, compared to healthy cells, that is maintained by several distinct mechanisms. Previous studies have demonstrated acute pH modulation in glioblastoma detectable by chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after blocking individual pH regulatory mechanisms. The purpose of the current study was to simultaneously block five pH regulatory mechanisms while also providing glucose as an energy substrate. We hypothesized that this approach would increase the acute pH modulation effect allowing the identification of aggressive cancer. METHODS Using a 9.4 T MRI scanner, CEST spectra were acquired sensitive to pHi using amine/amide concentration independent detection (AACID). Twelve mice were scanned approximately 11 ± 1 days after implanting 105 U87 human glioblastoma multiforme cells in the brain, before and after intraperitoneal injection of a combination of five drugs (quercetin, cariporide, dichloroacetate, acetazolamide, and pantoprazole) with and without glucose. RESULTS Two hours after combination drug injection there was a significant 0.1 ± 0.03 increase in tumor AACID value corresponding to a 0.4 decrease in pHi. After injecting the drug combination with glucose the AACID value increased by 0.18 ± 0.03 corresponding to a 0.72 decrease in pHi. AACID values were also slightly increased in contralateral tissue. CONCLUSIONS The combined drug treatment with glucose produced a large acute CEST MRI contrast indicating tumor acidification, which could be used to help localize brain cancer and monitor tumor response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Albatany
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N65B7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N65B7, Canada
| | - Valeriy G Ostapchenko
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N65B7, Canada
| | - Susan Meakin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N65B7, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N65B7, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N65B7, Canada.
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Gómez-Ballesteros M, Andrés-Guerrero V, Parra FJ, Marinich J, de-Las-Heras B, Molina-Martínez IT, Vázquez-Lasa B, San Román J, Herrero-Vanrell R. Amphiphilic Acrylic Nanoparticles Containing the Poloxamer Star Bayfit® 10WF15 as Ophthalmic Drug Carriers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1213. [PMID: 31331090 PMCID: PMC6680529 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical application of drops containing ocular drugs is the preferred non-invasive route to treat diseases that affect the anterior segment of the eye. However, the formulation of eye drops is a major challenge for pharmacists since the access of drugs to ocular tissues is restricted by several barriers. Acetazolamide (ACZ) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used orally for the treatment of ocular hypertension in glaucoma. However, large ACZ doses are needed which results in systemic side effects. Recently, we synthesized copolymers based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and a functionalized three-arm poloxamer star (Bayfit-MA). The new material (HEMA/Bayfit-MA) was engineered to be transformed into nanoparticles without the use of surfactants, which represents a significant step forward in developing new ophthalmic drug delivery platforms. Acetazolamide-loaded nanocarriers (ACZ-NPs) were prepared via dialysis (224 ± 19 nm, -17.2 ± 0.4 mV). The in vitro release rate of ACZ was constant over 24 h (cumulative delivery of ACZ: 83.3 ± 8.4%). Following standard specifications, ACZ-NPs were not cytotoxic in vitro in cornea, conjunctiva, and macrophages. In normotensive rabbits, ACZ-NPs generated a significant intraocular pressure reduction compared to a conventional solution of ACZ (16.4% versus 9.6%) with the same dose of the hypotensive drug (20 µg). In comparison to previously reported studies, this formulation reduced intraocular pressure with a lower dose of ACZ. In summary, HEMA:Bayfit-MA nanoparticles may be a promising system for ocular topical treatments, showing an enhanced ocular bioavailability of ACZ after a single instillation on the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gómez-Ballesteros
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Andrés-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Jesús Parra
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, and CIBER-BBN, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Marinich
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de-Las-Heras
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Teresa Molina-Martínez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Vázquez-Lasa
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, and CIBER-BBN, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio San Román
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, ICTP-CSIC, and CIBER-BBN, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero-Vanrell
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Ocular Pathology National Net (OFTARED) of the Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Tomko RL, McClure EA, Squeglia LM, Treloar Padovano H, McRae-Clark AL, Baker NL, Carpenter MJ, Gray KM. Methods to reduce the incidence of false negative trial results in substance use treatment research. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 30:35-41. [PMID: 30798020 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Treatment development and evaluation for substance use disorders are hindered when randomized controlled trials fail to show a treatment effect when one exists. This manuscript provides an overview of addressable methodological factors that may contribute to incorrect trial results. The collection of remote, naturalistic, real-time adherence and substance use data through ambulatory assessment methods in everyday life is presented as a partial solution. Other recommendations related to participant recruitment and selection, ensuring adequate consistency/fidelity and dose of treatment, and rigorously assessing clinical outcomes are discussed. With implementation of eligibility criteria verification, treatment adherence monitoring, and remote assessment of substance use and biomarkers, ambulatory assessment may help improve clinical trial success rates by improving precision, increasing reproducibility, and reducing the impact of methodological issues that may lead to inaccurate trial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States.
| | - Erin A McClure
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | | | - Aimee L McRae-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, United States
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19
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Lee YG, Marks I, Srinivasarao M, Kanduluru AK, Mahalingam SM, Liu X, Chu H, Low PS. Use of a Single CAR T Cell and Several Bispecific Adapters Facilitates Eradication of Multiple Antigenically Different Solid Tumors. Cancer Res 2018; 79:387-396. [PMID: 30482775 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most solid tumors are comprised of multiple clones that express orthogonal antigens, suggesting that novel strategies must be developed in order to adapt chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies to treat heterogeneous solid tumors. Here, we utilized a cocktail of low-molecular-weight bispecific adapters, each comprised of fluorescein linked to a different tumor-specific ligand, to bridge between an antifluorescein CAR on the engineered T cell and a unique antigen on the cancer cell. This formation of an immunologic synapse between the CAR T cell and cancer cell enabled use of a single antifluorescein CAR T cell to eradicate a diversity of antigenically different solid tumors implanted concurrently in NSG mice. Based on these data, we suggest that a carefully designed cocktail of bispecific adapters in combination with antifluorescein CAR T cells can overcome tumor antigen escape mechanisms that lead to disease recurrence following many CAR T-cell therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: A cocktail of tumor-targeted bispecific adapters greatly augments CAR T-cell therapies against heterogeneous tumors, highlighting its potential for broader applicability against cancers where standard CAR T-cell therapy has failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Isaac Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Madduri Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ananda Kumar Kanduluru
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sakkarapalayam M Mahalingam
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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Acri JB, Cross AJ, Skolnick P. From bench to bedside: mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators as medications to treat substance use disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1347-1355. [PMID: 27995279 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper provides an overview of the role of type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2) in addiction and behaviors reflecting addictive processes. RESULTS AZD8529, an mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM), failed to separate from placebo in a phase II schizophrenia trial. The demonstration by Athina Markou's laboratory that AZD8529 attenuated both nicotine self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement was a key factor in the decision to move this compound into a smoking cessation study. CONCLUSION Here, we highlight Markou laboratory's contribution to this project, as well as several innovative features of the phase II clinical trial that has already completed enrollment with top line results expected in early 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane B Acri
- Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Blvd, Suite 4123, MSC 9551, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9551, USA.
| | - Alan J Cross
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, 141 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Phil Skolnick
- Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 6001 Executive Blvd, Suite 4123, MSC 9551, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9551, USA
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