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Alotaibi A, Travaglianti S, Wong W, Abou-Gharbia M, Childers W, Sari Y. Effects of MC-100093 on Ethanol Drinking and the Expression of Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters in the Mesocorticolimbic Brain Regions of Male and Female Alcohol-Preferring Rats. Neuroscience 2024; 552:89-99. [PMID: 38909675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption increased extracellular glutamate concentrations in several reward brain regions. Glutamate homeostasis is regulated in majority by astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) as well as the interactive role of cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT). In this study, we aimed to determine the attenuating effects of a novel beta-lactam MC-100093, lacking the antibacterial properties, on ethanol consumption and GLT-1 and xCT expression in the subregions of nucleus accumbens (NAc core and NAc shell) and medial prefrontal cortex (Infralimbic, mPFC-IL and Prelimbic, mPFC-PL) in male and female alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Female and male rats were exposed to free access to ethanol (15% v/v) and (30% v/v) and water for five weeks, and on Week 6, rats were administered 100 mg/kg (i.p) of MC-100093 or saline for five days. MC-100093 reduced ethanol consumption in both male and female P rats from Day 1-5. Additionally, MC-100093 upregulated GLT-1 and xCT expression in the mPFC and NAc subregions as compared to ethanol-saline groups in female and male rats. Chronic ethanol intake reduced GLT-1 and xCT expression in the IL and PL in female and male rats, except there was no reduction in GLT-1 expression in the mPFC-PL in female rats. Although, MC-100093 upregulated GLT-1 and xCT expression in the subregions of NAc, we did not observe any reduction in GLT-1 and xCT expression with chronic ethanol intake in female rats. These findings strongly suggest that MC-100093 treatment effectively reduced ethanol intake and upregulated GLT-1 and xCT expression in the mPFC and NAc subregions in male and female P rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alotaibi
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Shelby Travaglianti
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Woonyen Wong
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Magid Abou-Gharbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wayne Childers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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2
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Kirkland AE, Green R, Browning BD, Aghamoosa S, Meyerhoff DJ, Ferguson PL, Tomko RL, Gray KM, Squeglia LM. Multi-modal neuroimaging reveals differences in alcohol-cue reactivity but not neurometabolite concentrations in adolescents who drink alcohol. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 257:111254. [PMID: 38457964 PMCID: PMC11031292 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this multi-modal neuroimaging study was to identify neuroscience-informed treatment targets for adolescent alcohol use disorder (AUD) by examining potential neural alterations associated with adolescent alcohol use. METHODS Adolescents (ages 17-19) who heavily used (n=49) or did not use alcohol (n=22) were recruited for a multi-modal neuroimaging protocol, including proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and an fMRI alcohol cue-reactivity task. The alcohol cue-reactivity task was analyzed across 11 a priori regions-of-interest (ROI), including the dACC, and in an exploratory whole-brain approach. Correlations were run between neurometabolite levels and alcohol cue-reactivity in the dACC. RESULTS There were no significant group differences in absolute neurometabolite concentrations. Compared to the control group, the alcohol-using group exhibited heightened alcohol cue reactivity in the left amygdala ROI (p=0.04). The whole-brain approach identified higher alcohol cue reactivity in the alcohol-using group compared to controls in the amygdala and occipital regions, and lower reactivity in the parietal lobe. Whole-brain sex effects were noted, with females displaying higher reactivity regardless of group. No significant correlations were found between neurometabolite levels and alcohol cue-reactivity in the dACC. CONCLUSIONS The null neurometabolic findings may be due to age, relatively low severity of alcohol use, and non-treatment-seeking status of the participants. Females showed overall higher reactivity to alcohol cues, indicating a sex effect regardless of alcohol use history. Higher amygdala reactivity in alcohol-using adolescents suggests that emotional processing related to alcohol cues may be a useful target for future adolescent AUD interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Kirkland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Brittney D Browning
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephanie Aghamoosa
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela L Ferguson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Kirkland AE, Browning BD, Green R, Liu H, Maralit AM, Ferguson PL, Meyerhoff DJ, Prisciandaro JJ, Miranda R, Brady KT, Tomko RL, Gray KM, Squeglia LM. N-acetylcysteine does not alter neurometabolite levels in non-treatment seeking adolescents who use alcohol heavily: A preliminary randomized clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1184-1193. [PMID: 36878996 PMCID: PMC10267108 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for adolescent alcohol use disorder (AUD) are mainly psychosocial and limited in their efficacy. As such, pharmacotherapies are being investigated as potential adjunctive treatments to bolster treatment outcomes. N-acetylcysteine is a promising candidate pharmacotherapy for adolescent AUD because of its tolerability and demonstrated ability to modulate glutamatergic, GABAergic, and glutathione systems. The primary objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects crossover preliminary investigation was to measure potential changes within glutamate + glutamine (Glx), GABA, and glutathione levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy during 10-days of N-acetylcysteine (1200 mg twice daily) compared to 10-days of placebo in non-treatment seeking adolescents who use alcohol heavily (N = 31; 55% female). Medication adherence was confirmed via video. Effects on alcohol use were measured using Timeline Follow-Back as an exploratory aim. Linear mixed effects models controlling for baseline metabolite levels, brain tissue composition, alcohol use, cannabis use, and medication adherence found no significant differences in Glx, GABA, or glutathione levels in the dACC after N-acetylcysteine compared to placebo. There were also no measurable effects on alcohol use; however, this finding was underpowered. Findings were consistent in the subsample of participants who met criteria for AUD (n = 19). The preliminary null findings in brain metabolite levels may be due to the young age of participants, relatively low severity of alcohol use, and non-treatment seeking status of the population investigated. Future studies can use these findings to conduct larger, well-powered studies within adolescents with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Kirkland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Brittney D Browning
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Helen Liu
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anna M Maralit
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Pamela L Ferguson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert Miranda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kathleen T Brady
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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4
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Ho MF, Zhang C, Moon I, Coombes BJ, Biernacka J, Skime M, Choi DS, Croarkin PE, Frye MA, Ngo Q, Skillon C, Oesterle TS, Karpyak VM, Li H, Weinshilboum RM. Plasma TNFSF10 levels associated with acamprosate treatment response in patients with alcohol use disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986238. [PMID: 36120372 PMCID: PMC9475292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acamprosate is an anti-craving drug used in alcohol use disorder (AUD) pharmacotherapy. However, only a subset of patients achieves optimal treatment outcomes. The identification of predictive biomarkers of acamprosate treatment response in patients with AUD would be a substantial advance in addiction medicine. We designed this study to use proteomics data as a quantitative biological trait as a step toward identifying inflammatory modulators that might be associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes. The NIAAA-funded Mayo Clinic Center for the Individualized Treatment of Alcoholism study had previously recruited 442 AUD patients who received 3 months of acamprosate treatment. However, only 267 subjects returned for the 3-month follow-up visit and, as a result, had treatment outcome information available. Baseline alcohol craving intensity was the most significant predictor of acamprosate treatment outcomes. We performed plasma proteomics using the Olink target 96 inflammation panel and identified that baseline plasma TNF superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10) concentration was associated with alcohol craving intensity and variation in acamprosate treatment outcomes among AUD patients. We also performed RNA sequencing using baseline peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AUD patients with known acamprosate treatment outcomes which revealed that inflammation-related pathways were highly associated with relapse to alcohol use during the 3 months of acamprosate treatment. These observations represent an important step toward advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of AUD and molecular mechanisms associated with acamprosate treatment response. In conclusion, applying omics-based approaches may be a practical approach for identifying biologic markers that could potentially predict alcohol craving intensity and acamprosate treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Irene Moon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brandon J. Coombes
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Joanna Biernacka
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michelle Skime
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul E. Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Quyen Ngo
- Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Mayo Clinic, Center City, MN, United States
| | - Cedric Skillon
- Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Mayo Clinic, Center City, MN, United States
| | - Tyler S. Oesterle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Victor M. Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Richard M. Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Florence L, Lassi DLS, Kortas GT, Lima DR, de Azevedo-Marques Périco C, Andrade AG, Torales J, Ventriglio A, De Berardis D, De Aquino JP, Castaldelli-Maia JM. Brain Correlates of the Alcohol Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy Response: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030386. [PMID: 35326342 PMCID: PMC8946664 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent worldwide, treating this condition remains challenging. Further, potential treatments for AUD do not fully address alcohol-induced neuroadaptive changes. Understanding the effects of pharmacotherapies for AUD on the human brain may lead to tailored, more effective treatments, and improved individual clinical outcomes. Objectives: We systematically reviewed the literature for studies investigating pharmacotherapies for AUD that included neuroimaging-based treatment outcomes. We searched the PubMed, Scielo, and PsycINFO databases up to January 2021. Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions: Eligible studies included those investigating pharmacotherapies for AUD and employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and/or proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS). Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Two independent reviewers screened studies’ titles and abstracts for inclusion. Data extraction forms were shared among all the authors to standardize data collection. We gathered information on the following variables: sample size; mean age; sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; alcohol use status; study design and methodology; main neuroimaging findings and brain-regions of interest (i.e., brain areas activated by alcohol use and possible pharmacological interactions); and limitations of each study. Results: Out of 177 studies selected, 20 studies provided relevant data for the research topic. Findings indicate that: (1) Acamprosate and gabapentin may selectively modulate limbic regions and the anterior cingulate cortex; (2) Naltrexone and disulfiram effects may involve prefrontal, premotor, and cerebellar regions; (3) Pharmacotherapies acting on glutamate and GABA neurotransmission involve primarily areas underpinning reward and negative affective states, and; (4) Pharmacotherapies acting on opioid and dopamine systems may affect areas responsible for the cognitive and motor factors of AUD. Limitations: Most of the studies were focused on naltrexone. A small number of studies investigated the action of disulfiram and gabapentin, and no neuroimaging studies investigated topiramate. In addition, the time between medication and neuroimaging scans varied widely across studies. Conclusions: We identified key-brain regions modulated by treatments available for AUD. Some of the regions modulated by naltrexone are not specific to the brain reward system, such as the parahippocampal gyrus (temporal lobe), parietal and occipital lobes. Other treatments also modulate not specific regions of the reward system, but play a role in the addictive behaviors, including the insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The role of these brain regions in mediating the AUD pharmacotherapy response warrants investigation in future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Florence
- Department of Neuroscience, FMABC University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (L.F.); (C.d.A.-M.P.); (A.G.A.)
| | - Dângela Layne Silva Lassi
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil; (D.L.S.L.); (G.T.K.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Guilherme T. Kortas
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil; (D.L.S.L.); (G.T.K.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Danielle R. Lima
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil; (D.L.S.L.); (G.T.K.); (D.R.L.)
| | | | - Arthur G. Andrade
- Department of Neuroscience, FMABC University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (L.F.); (C.d.A.-M.P.); (A.G.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil; (D.L.S.L.); (G.T.K.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Julio Torales
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo 2064, Paraguay;
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- Mental Health Center of Giulianova, Asl Teramo, 64021 Giulianova, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, University of Samara, 443100 Samara, Russia
| | - João P. De Aquino
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - João M. Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Neuroscience, FMABC University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (L.F.); (C.d.A.-M.P.); (A.G.A.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, SP, Brazil; (D.L.S.L.); (G.T.K.); (D.R.L.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Blood glutamine synthetase signaling in alcohol use disorder and racial disparity. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:71. [PMID: 35194024 PMCID: PMC8863875 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As of 2018, 14.4 million adults ages 18 and older in the U.S had alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, only about 8% of adults who had AUD in the past year received treatment. Surveys have also shown racial disparities regarding AUD treatments. Thus, it is imperative to identify racial disparities in AUD patients, as it may indicate a specific underlying pathophysiology in an AUD subpopulation. To identify racial disparity in AUD, we enrolled 64 cohorts, including 26 AUD participants and 38 healthy controls, from Northwest Louisiana using community-based enrollment. Then, we used psychometric scales to assess alcohol drinking patterns and measured blood metabolites change using LC-MS/MS. Alcohol-related scales from the questionnaires did not differ between the Caucasian AUD participants and African-American AUD participants. From blood metabolomics analyses, we identified that 6 amino acids were significantly different by AUD status and or race. Interestingly, Caucasian AUD participants had a higher glutamate metabolism mediated by glutamine synthetase (GS). The correlation between blood glutamate/glutamine ratio and GS activity was only significant in the Caucasian AUD group whereas no changes were observed in African-American AUD group or controls. Taken together, our findings from this sample population demonstrate that blood GS is a potential biomarker associated with Caucasian AUD, which is an important step towards the application of a new pharmacological treatment for AUD.
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7
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Ho MF, Zhang C, Wei L, Zhang L, Moon I, Geske JR, Skime MK, Choi DS, Biernacka JM, Oesterle TS, Frye MA, Seppala MD, Karpyak VM, Li H, Weinshilboum RM. Genetic Variants Associated with Acamprosate Treatment Response in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients: A Multiple Omics Study. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3330-3345. [PMID: 35016259 PMCID: PMC9177536 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Acamprosate is an anti‐craving drug used for the pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, only some patients achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. This study was designed to explore differences in metabolomic profiles between patients who maintained sobriety and those who relapsed, to determine whether those differences provide insight into variation in acamprosate treatment response phenotypes. Experimental Approach We previously conducted an acamprosate trial involving 442 AUD patients, and 267 of these subjects presented themselves for a 3‐month follow‐up. The primary outcome was abstinence. Clinical information, genomic data and metabolomics data were collected. Baseline plasma samples were assayed using targeted metabolomics. Key Results Baseline plasma arginine, threonine, α‐aminoadipic acid and ethanolamine concentrations were associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes and baseline craving intensity, a measure that has been associated with acamprosate treatment response. We next applied a pharmacometabolomics‐informed genome‐wide association study (GWAS) strategy to identify genetic variants that might contribute to variations in plasma metabolomic profiles that were associated with craving and/or acamprosate treatment outcome. Gene expression data for induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived forebrain astrocytes showed that a series of genes identified during the metabolomics‐informed GWAS were ethanol responsive. Furthermore, a large number of those genes could be regulated by acamprosate. Finally, we identified a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms that were associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes. Conclusion and Implications These results serve as an important step towards advancing our understanding of disease pathophysiology and drug action responsible for variation in acamprosate response and alcohol craving in AUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Lixuan Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Lingxin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Irene Moon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Jennifer R Geske
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics
| | | | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology
| | | | | | | | | | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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8
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Burnette EM, Ray LA, Irwin MR, Grodin EN. Ibudilast attenuates alcohol cue-elicited frontostriatal functional connectivity in alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2017-2028. [PMID: 34585396 PMCID: PMC8602728 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ibudilast, a novel neuroimmune modulator being studied to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD), was shown in a randomized controlled trial (NCT03489850) to reduce ventral striatum (VS) activation in response to visual alcohol cues. The present study extended this finding by probing the effects of ibudilast on alcohol cue-elicited functional connectivity (i.e., temporally correlated activation) with the VS seed. The study also tests the association between functional connectivity and alcohol use during the trial. METHODS Non-treatment-seeking participants (n = 45) with current alcohol use disorder were randomized to receive twice-daily dosing with either ibudilast (50 mg; n = 20) or placebo (n = 25). Upon reaching the target dosagee of the medication or placebo, participants completed a functional neuroimaging alcohol cue reactivity paradigm. Drinks per drinking day were assessed at baseline and daily during the 2-week trial. RESULTS Ibudilast reduced alcohol cue-elicited functional connectivity between the VS seed and reward-processing regions including the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices compared with placebo (p < 0.05). Cue-elicited functional connectivity was correlated with drinks per drinking day (R2 = 0.5351, p < 0.001), and ibudilast reduced this association in similar reward-processing regions compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Ibudilast's effects on drinking outcomes may be related to the attenuation of functional connectivity in frontostriatal circuits related to reward processing. These results provide an important proof of concept for this novel pharmacotherapy and support the clinical utility of incorporating neuroimaging-and especially functional connectivity-analyses into medication development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Burnette
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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9
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Chen T, Tan H, Lei H, Li X, Wu Q, Xu X, Ye Y, Zhong N, Du J, Jiang H, Su H, Zhao M. Nature of glutamate alterations in substance dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 315:111329. [PMID: 34271295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies have reported the brain glutamatergic dysfunction in substance dependence. However, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies of glutamate in substance-dependent patients published contradicting results. In order to investigate the characteristics of brain glutamatergic alterations in substance-dependent patients, we conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses of 1H-MRS studies that have investigated the glutamate, glutamine, and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) concentration in substance-dependent patients. Multiple databases were searched until Sep 10, 2020. Twenty-nine studies comprising 982 patients and 787 controls were included. There was significantly decreased glutamate level in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients compared with controls. Higher glutamate levels in medial prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia region were also demonstrated in patients compared with controls. Subgroup analyses based on the substance type and abstinence period (short vs medium-term abstinence period) were performed. The results revealed Glx and glutamate concentrations in all investigated brain regions were not different in patients with any types of substance dependence compared with controls. The abstinence period had no effect on the glutamate levels. In summary, substance dependence is associated with glutamatergic dysfunction of prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Present findings partially support the hypothesis that addiction is associated with abnormal brain glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Haoye Tan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huiting Lei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qianying Wu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yujian Ye
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Abstract
RATIONALE Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a cross-species neuroimaging technique that can measure concentrations of several brain metabolites, including glutamate and GABA. This non-invasive method has promise in developing centrally acting drugs, as it can be performed repeatedly within-subjects and be used to translate findings from the preclinical to clinical laboratory using the same imaging biomarker. OBJECTIVES This review focuses on the utility of single-voxel 1H-MRS in developing novel glutamatergic or GABAergic drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders and includes research performed in rodent models, healthy volunteers and patient cohorts. RESULTS Overall, these studies indicate that 1H-MRS is able to detect the predicted pharmacological effects of glutamatergic or GABAergic drugs on voxel glutamate or GABA concentrations, although there is a shortage of studies examining dose-related effects. Clinical studies have applied 1H-MRS to better understand drug therapeutic mechanisms, including the glutamatergic effects of ketamine in depression and of acamprosate in alcohol dependence. There is an emerging interest in identifying patient subgroups with 'high' or 'low' brain regional 1H-MRS glutamate levels for more targeted drug development, which may require ancillary biomarkers to improve the accuracy of subgroup discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Considerations for future research include the sensitivity of single-voxel 1H-MRS in detecting drug effects, inter-site measurement reliability and the interpretation of drug-induced changes in 1H-MRS metabolites relative to the known pharmacological molecular mechanisms. On-going technological development, in single-voxel 1H-MRS and in related complementary techniques, will further support applications within CNS drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
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11
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Topiramate Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder and Other Addictions: A Narrative Review. J Addict Med 2020; 13:7-22. [PMID: 30096077 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
: Topiramate is a non-benzodiazepine anticonvulsant medication with multi-faceted pharmacologic action. It has emerged as an efficacious pharmacotherapeutic option for the treatment of addiction, especially alcohol use disorder (AUD). We present a broad narrative review of the putative mechanism of action and clinical utility of topiramate with regard to AUD and other substance use disorders. Collective evidence suggests topiramate is an effective treatment option in AUD, with notable efficacy in reducing harmful drinking patterns in AUD. Though not currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the indication of AUD, topiramate should be considered as a pharmacological treatment option with high utility among AUD patients. Early pharmacogenetic studies raise the intriguing possibility of identifying patients likely to respond to topiramate using genetic testing, and initial studies show that topiramate may also be useful in treating cocaine use disorder, smoking cessation and behavioral addictions. However, further research is needed in all these areas.
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12
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Panin F, Peana AT. Sleep and the Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Use Disorder: Unfortunate Bedfellows. A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1164. [PMID: 31680952 PMCID: PMC6811753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep disorders are commonly associated with acute and chronic use of alcohol and with abstinence. To date, there are four approved drugs to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD): disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, and nalmefene. These AUD therapies reduce the craving and risk of relapse into heavy drinking, but little is known about their effect on sleep. As recent evidences indicate a crucial role of sleep disorders in AUD, claiming that sleep problems may trigger alcohol abuse and relapses, it is fundamental to clarify the impact of those drugs on the sleep quality of AUD patients. This systematic review aims to answer the question: how does the pharmacotherapy for AUD affect sleep? Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane, and Scopus using sleep- and AUD pharmacotherapy-related keywords. The articles included were appraised using the CASP checklists, and the risk of bias was assessed following the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. Finally, we pooled sleep outcomes in a meta-analysis to measure the overall effect. Results and Conclusion: We included 26 studies: only three studies focused on sleep as a main outcome, two with polysomnography (objective measurement), and one with subjective self-reported sleep, while all the other studies reported sleep problems among the adverse effects (subjective report). The only study available on disulfiram showed reduced REM sleep. Acamprosate showed no/little effect on self-reported sleep but improved sleep continuity and architecture measured by polysomnography. The two opioidergic drugs naltrexone and nalmefene had mainly detrimental effect on sleep, giving increased insomnia and/or somnolence compared with placebo, although not always significant. The meta-analysis confirmed significantly increased somnolence and insomnia in the naltrexone group, compared with the placebo. Overall, the currently available evidences show more sleep problems with the opioidergic drugs (especially naltrexone), while acamprosate seems to be well tolerated or even beneficial. Acamprosate might be a more suitable choice when patients with AUD report sleep problems. Due to the paucity of information available, and with the majority of results being subjective, more research on this topic is needed to further inform the clinical practice, ideally with more objective measurements such as polysomnography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Panin
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Ceccarini J, Leurquin-Sterk G, Crunelle CL, de Laat B, Bormans G, Peuskens H, Van Laere K. Recovery of Decreased Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Availability in Abstinent Alcohol-Dependent Patients. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:256-262. [PMID: 31481578 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.228825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of alcohol dependence and relapse demonstrate an important role of the glutamatergic system, in particular, cerebral metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). 18F-3-fluoro-5-[(pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl]benzonitrile (18F-FPEB) PET has revealed that chronic alcohol use leads to decreased limbic mGluR5 availability, which was associated with less craving. Here, we tested whether the state of decreased mGluR5 availability in alcohol-dependent patients normalizes during abstinence (at 2 and 6 mo of detoxification) and whether initial mGluR5 imaging parameters can predict individual relapse. Methods: 18F-FPEB scans were performed for 16 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (baseline condition), 2 mo after detoxification (n = 10), and 6 mo after detoxification (n = 8); 32 age- and sex-matched controls were included for comparison. mGluR5 availability was quantified by the 18F-FPEB total distribution volume using both voxel-by-voxel and volume-of-interest analyses. During follow-up, craving was assessed using the Desire for Alcohol Questionnaire, and alcohol consumption was assessed using the timeline follow-back method and monitored by hair ethyl glucuronide analysis. Results: During abstinence, alcohol-dependent patients showed sustained recovered mGluR5 availability in cortical and subcortical regions compared with the baseline, up to the levels observed in controls, after 6 mo in most areas except for the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and thalamus. Higher striatopallidal mGluR5 availability was observed at the baseline in patients who had a relapse during the 6-mo follow-up period (+25.1%). Also, normalization of striatal mGluR5 to control levels was associated with reduced craving ("desire and intention to drink" and "negative reinforcement"; r = 0.72-0.94). Conclusion: Reduced cerebral mGluR5 availability in alcohol-dependent patients recovers during abstinence and is associated with reduced craving. Higher striatal mGluR5 availability in alcohol-dependent users may be associated with long-term relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ceccarini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gil Leurquin-Sterk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cleo Lina Crunelle
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart de Laat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,MoSAIC, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Peuskens
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium; and.,Kliniek Broeders Alexianen, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,MoSAIC, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Genetic variant in SLC1A2 is associated with elevated anterior cingulate cortex glutamate and lifetime history of rapid cycling. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:149. [PMID: 31123248 PMCID: PMC6533282 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic dysregulation is implicated in the neurobiology of mood disorders. This study investigated the relationship between the anterior cingulate cortex (AC) glutamate, as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from four genes (GLUL, SLC1A3, SLC1A2, and SLC1A7) that regulate the extracellular glutamate in 26 depressed patients with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 15) and bipolar disorder (BD; n = 11). Two SNPs (rs3812778 and rs3829280), in perfect linkage disequilibrium, in the 3' untranslated region of the EAAT2 gene SLC1A2, were associated with AC glutamate, with minor allele carriers having significantly higher glutamate levels (p < 0.001) in comparison with common allele homozygotes. In silico analysis revealed an association of minor allele carriers of rs3812778/rs382920 with an upregulation of the astrocytic marker CD44 localized downstream of SLC1A2 on chromosome 11. Finally, we tested the disease relevance of these SNPs in a large group of depressed patients [MDD (n = 458); BD (n = 1473)] and found that minor allele carriers had a significantly higher risk for rapid cycling (p = 0.006). Further work is encouraged to delineate the functional impact of excitatory amino acid transporter genetic variation on CD44 associated physiology and glutamatergic neurotransmission, specifically glutamate-glutamine cycling, and its contribution to subphenotypes of mood disorders.
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15
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Germany CE, Reker AN, Hinton DJ, Oliveros A, Shen X, Andres-Beck LG, Wininger KM, Trutschl M, Cvek U, Choi DS, Nam HW. Pharmacoproteomics Profile in Response to Acamprosate Treatment of an Alcoholism Animal Model. Proteomics 2019; 18:e1700417. [PMID: 29437267 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acamprosate is an FDA-approved medication for the treatment of alcoholism that is unfortunately only effective in certain patients. Although acamprosate is known to stabilize the hyper-glutamatergic state in alcoholism, pharmacological mechanisms of action in brain tissue remains unknown. To investigate the mechanism of acamprosate efficacy, the authors employ a pharmacoproteomics approach using an animal model of alcoholism, type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) null mice. The results demonstrate that acamprosate treatment significantly decreased both ethanol drinking and preference in ENT1 null mice compared to that of wild-type mice. Then, to elucidate acamprosate efficacy mechanism in ENT1 null mice, the authors utilize label-free quantification proteomics comparing both genotype and acamprosate treatment effects in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). A total of 1040 protein expression changes are identified in the NAc among 3634 total proteins detected. The proteomics and Western blot result demonstrate that acamprosate treatment decreased EAAT expression implicating stabilization of the hyper-glutamatergic condition in ENT1 null mice. Pathway analysis suggests that acamprosate treatment in ENT1 null mice seems to rescue glutamate toxicity through restoring of RTN4 and NF-κB medicated neuroimmune signaling compared to wild-type mice. Overall, pharmacoproteomics approaches suggest that neuroimmune restoration is a potential efficacy mechanism in the acamprosate treatment of certain sub-populations of alcohol dependent subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ashlie N Reker
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - David J Hinton
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfredo Oliveros
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Lindsey G Andres-Beck
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katheryn M Wininger
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marjan Trutschl
- Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Urska Cvek
- Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hyung W Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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16
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Role of glutamatergic system and mesocorticolimbic circuits in alcohol dependence. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 171:32-49. [PMID: 30316901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that alcohol dependence is associated with dysregulation of several neurotransmitters. Alterations in dopamine, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid release are linked to chronic alcohol exposure. The effects of alcohol on the glutamatergic system in the mesocorticolimbic areas have been investigated extensively. Several studies have demonstrated dysregulation in the glutamatergic systems in animal models exposed to alcohol. Alcohol exposure can lead to an increase in extracellular glutamate concentrations in mesocorticolimbic brain regions. In addition, alcohol exposure affects the expression and functions of several glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters in these brain regions. In this review, we discussed the effects of alcohol exposure on glutamate receptors, glutamate transporters and glutamate homeostasis in each area of the mesocorticolimbic system. In addition, we discussed the genetic aspect of alcohol associated with glutamate and reward circuitry. We also discussed the potential therapeutic role of glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters in each brain region for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Finally, we provided some limitations on targeting the glutamatergic system for potential therapeutic options for the treatment alcohol use disorders.
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17
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Meyer JM. Future directions in tardive dyskinesia research. J Neurol Sci 2018; 389:76-80. [PMID: 29433809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) research is at a crossroads because of renewed interest in this syndrome following the successful development and regulatory approval of two novel vesicular monoamine transport 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors. Despite these clinical advances, significant lacunae exist in the knowledge base of TD pathophysiology, prognosis, and epidemiology. Moreover, conflicting definitions of TD as either a syndrome that encompasses a broad array of related phenomena or as a specific subset of tardive syndromes are an impediment to both clinical and basic science research, and to educational efforts targeting nonspecialist clinicians. A unique opportunity is thus presented by the enhanced focus on TD to resolve fundamental issues with regards to nomenclature and clinical criteria, thereby facilitating more sophisticated surveillance and genetic and epidemiological research into tardive movement disorders related to dopamine receptor blocking agents. The widespread use of newer antipsychotics portends that TD will remain a persistent public health issue. This article will present one view of research avenues to be explored for this neuropsychiatric condition, including those that may yield immediate therapeutic benefits by extending expert knowledge into routine clinical care situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Meyer
- University of California, San Diego, United States; California Department of State Hospitals (DSH), Psychopharmacology Resource Network, United States.
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18
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Yang W, Yang R, Luo J, He L, Liu J, Zhang J. Increased Absolute Glutamate Concentrations and Glutamate-to-Creatine Ratios in Patients With Methamphetamine Use Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:368. [PMID: 30233420 PMCID: PMC6128240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that changes in the concentration of glutamate and related metabolites may mediate the progression of addiction in patients with methamphetamine (MA) use disorders. In the present study, we utilized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate absolute glutamate concentrations and metabolite ratios in patients with MA addiction. We further analyzed the association between glutamate concentration and various clinical indicators. Methods: The present study included 31 unmedicated patients with clinically diagnosed MA dependence (mean age: 30.5 ± 8.0 years) and 32 age-matched healthy controls (mean age: 32.9 ± 8.2 years). Patients were evaluated using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). We also collected general information regarding the duration and dosage of drug use. Point-resolved spectroscopy was used to quantify the absolute concentrations of metabolites (glutamate, choline, N-acetylaspartate, glutamine, and creatine), as well as the ratio of metabolites to total creatine, using LCModel software. We then compared differences in glutamate levels and psychometric scores between the two groups. Results: Glutamate-to-creatine ratios in the brainstem were significantly higher in the MA group than in the control group (t = 2.764, p = 0.008). Glutamate concentrations in the brainstem were also significantly higher in the MA group than in the control group (t = 2.390, p = 0.020). However, no significant differences in the concentrations or ratios of other metabolites were observed between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Glutamate concentration was positively correlated with the duration of drug use (r = 0.401, p = 0.035) and the total dose of regular addiction (duration of addiction × regular addiction dose; r = 0.207, p = .040), but not with BIS-11 scores. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that glutamate levels in the brainstem are significantly elevated in patients with MA use disorders, and that these levels are significantly associated with the duration and dose of drug use.Such findings suggest that glutamate concentration can be used as an objective biological marker for evaluating/monitoring disease status and treatment efficacy in patients with MA dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan Judicial Police Vocational College, Changsha, China
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19
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Morley KC, Lagopoulos J, Logge W, Chitty K, Baillie A, Haber PS. Neurometabolite Levels in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients During Baclofen Treatment and Prediction of Relapse to Heavy Drinking. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:412. [PMID: 30233431 PMCID: PMC6131632 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Baclofen, a GABAB agonist, is used as a treatment for alcohol dependence. We aimed to examine brain metabolites following administration of baclofen or placebo in alcohol dependent individuals enrolled in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Methods: Participants included 31 alcohol dependent individuals (recent drinking: N = 16; and abstinent: N = 15) who had received daily baclofen (BAC 30-75 mg = 20) or placebo (PL = 11) for at least 2 weeks (average 17 days). Using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), spectra from the right parietal lobe were analyzed to obtain measures of GABA, Glutamate (Glu), Glutathione (GSH) and N-Acetyl Apartate (NAA) 120 min following administration of PL or BAC. Results: When weighting alcohol dependent participants according to recent alcohol consumption (within 24 h), there were significant differences between BAC and PL on parietal concentrations of GSH (p < 0.01) and NAA (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression revealed a significant predictive effect of GSH on heavy drinking days at 12 weeks follow-up (Model: F = 14.28, R2 = 0.85; GSH: B = -1.22, p = 0.01) and also percentage days abstinent at 12 weeks follow-up (Model: F = 6.50, R2 = 0.72; GSH: B = 0.99, p = 0.06). Conclusion: Our data provide preliminary evidence that the effect of baclofen may be mediated by increased parietal concentrations of the antioxidant GSH and NAA in recently drinking alcohol dependent patients. GSH/Cr levels were also predictive of improved drinking outcomes in the trial and suggests a role for neural oxidative stress in alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten C Morley
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience, University of Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Warren Logge
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Chitty
- School of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Baillie
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S Haber
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Paulucio D, da Costa BM, Santos CG, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Gongora M, Cagy M, Alvarenga RL, Pompeu FAMS. Acute ethanol and taurine intake affect absolute alpha power in frontal cortex before and after exercise. Neurosci Lett 2017; 657:5-10. [PMID: 28743582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Taurine and alcohol has been popularly ingested through energy drinks. Reports from both compounds shows they are active on nervous system but little is known about the acute effect of these substances on the frontal cortex in an exercise approach. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 0,6mldL-1 of ethanol (ET), 6g of taurine (TA), and taurine with ethanol (TA+ET) intake on absolute alpha power (AAP) in the frontal region, before and after exercise. Nine participants were recruited, five women (22±3years) and four men (26±5years), for a counterbalanced experimental design. For each treatment, the tests were performed considering three moments: "baseline", "peak" and "post-exercise". In the placebo treatment (PL), the frontal areas showed AAP decrease at the post-exercise. However, in the TA, AAP decreased at peak and increased at post-exercise. In the ET treatment, AAP increased at the peak moment for the left frontal electrodes. In the TA+ET treatment, an AAP increase was observed at peak, and it continued after exercise ended. These substances were able to produce electrocortical activity changes in the frontal regions after a short duration and low intensity exercise. Left and right regions showed different AAP dynamics during peak and post-exercise moments when treatments were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dailson Paulucio
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of physiology in soccer, Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Bruno M da Costa
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Neuroscience Laboratory of Exercise, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caleb G Santos
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Army Biology Institute, Brazilian Army, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro e RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gongora
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato L Alvarenga
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A M S Pompeu
- Biometrics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Soyka M, Müller CA. Pharmacotherapy of alcoholism – an update on approved and off-label medications. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:1187-1199. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1349098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Soyka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Medical Park Chiemseeblick Fachklinik für Psychosomatik, Bernau, Germany
| | - Christian A. Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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