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Chavez LJ, Steelesmith DL, Bridge JA, Fontanella CA. Predictors of substance use disorder treatment initiation and engagement among adolescents enrolled in Medicaid. Subst Abus 2022; 43:1260-1267. [PMID: 35670769 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2022.2074603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adolescents with substance use disorders (SUD) should receive timely access to treatment to improve lifelong outcomes. The Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) initiation and engagement in treatment (IET) performance measure was intended to promote quality improvement for patients with SUD. Yet, few studies have assessed predictors of measure performance among adolescents or other engagement in mental health services, which is critical to understanding disparities in treatment quality or opportunities for targeted improvement strategies. The present study reports the rates and predictors of IET among adolescents with SUD, as well as receipt of any mental health services. Methods: The sample included adolescents enrolled in Medicaid in 14 states who had a qualifying diagnosis for SUD (2009-2013) and met HEDIS IET performance measure eligibility criteria. Three outcomes were assessed, including initiation of SUD treatment within 14 days of qualifying diagnosis, engagement in SUD treatment (2 or more encounters) within 30 days of initiation, and receipt of any mental health services (1 or more encounters) within 30 days of initiation. Logistic regression was used to identify demographic and clinical characteristics associated with outcomes. Results: Among 20,602 adolescents who met eligibility criteria, 49.5% initiated SUD treatment, 48.5% engaged in SUD treatment, and 70% received any mental health service. Adolescents with higher levels of clinical need (e.g., medical complexity, mental health comorbidity, and multiple SUD diagnoses) had significantly higher odds of initiating, but lower odds of engaging in treatment or receiving any mental health service. Conclusions: To increase the delivery of SUD treatment, efforts should target adolescents with co-occurring mental health needs, many of whom are receiving mental health services after SUD diagnosis. Integrating addiction and mental health services could address these missed opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Chavez
- Center for Child Health Equity and Outcomes Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Danielle L Steelesmith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bridge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Suicide Prevention and Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia A Fontanella
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Edmonds AT, Bensley KM, Hawkins EJ, Williams EC. Geographic differences in receipt of addictions treatment in a national sample of patients with alcohol use disorders from the U.S. Veterans Health Administration. Subst Abus 2020; 42:559-568. [DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2020.1803176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy T. Edmonds
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Eric J. Hawkins
- Research and Development Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Services, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center of Excellence in Substance Abuse Treatment and Education, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily C. Williams
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Research and Development Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Services, Seattle, Washington, USA
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5
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Wyse J, Robbins JL, McGinnis KA, Edelman EJ, Gordon AJ, Manhapra A, Fiellin DA, Moore BA, Korthuis PT, Gaither JR, Gordon K, Skanderson M, Barry DT, Crystal S, Justice A, Kraemer KL. Predictors of timely opioid agonist treatment initiation among veterans with and without HIV. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 198:70-75. [PMID: 30878769 PMCID: PMC6836871 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid use disorder (OUD) is prevalent among people with HIV (PWH). Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is the most effective treatment for OUD and is associated with improved health outcomes, but is often not initiated. To inform clinical practice, we identified factors predictive of OAT initiation among patients with and without HIV. METHODS We identified 19,698 new clinical encounters of OUD between 2000 and 2012 in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS), a national observational cohort of PWH and matched uninfected controls. Mixed effects models examined factors predictive of OAT initiation within 30-days of a new OUD clinical encounter. RESULTS 4.9% of both PWH and uninfected patients initiated OAT within 30 days of a new OUD clinical encounter. In adjusted models, participants with a psychiatric diagnosis (aOR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.47 - 0.62), PWH (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.92), and rural residence (aOR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.39-0.78) had a lower likelihood of any OAT initiation, while African-American patients (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.34-1.92), those with an alcohol related diagnosis (aOR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.48-2.08), diagnosis year 2005-2008 relative to 2000-2004 (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.45), and patients with HCV (aOR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.27-1.77) had a greater likelihood of initiating any OAT within 30 days. Predictive factors were similar in the total sample and PWH only models. CONCLUSIONS PWH were less likely to receive timely OAT initiation than demographically similar uninfected patients. Given the health benefits of such treatment, the low rate of OAT initiation warrants focused efforts in both PWH and uninfected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wyse
- VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA,School of Public Health, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Robbins
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | - E. Jennifer Edelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, Boardman 110, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Adam J. Gordon
- University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA,VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500 Foothill Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Ajay Manhapra
- Advanced PACT Pain Clinic, Hampton VA Medical Center, 100 Emancipation Dr, Hampton, VA 23667, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - David A. Fiellin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, Boardman 110, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brent A. Moore
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - P. Todd Korthuis
- Section of Addiction Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Julie R. Gaither
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kirsha Gordon
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, Boardman 110, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Melissa Skanderson
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Declan T. Barry
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,APT Foundation, Pain Treatment Services, 1 Long Wharf Dr, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Stephen Crystal
- Center for Health Services Research, Institute for Health, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Amy Justice
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St, Boardman 110, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kevin L. Kraemer
- Center for Research on Health Care, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Suite 933W, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, 4100 Allequippa St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Williams AR, Nunes EV, Bisaga A, Pincus HA, Johnson KA, Campbell AN, Remien RH, Crystal S, Friedmann PD, Levin FR, Olfson M. Developing an opioid use disorder treatment cascade: A review of quality measures. J Subst Abuse Treat 2018; 91:57-68. [PMID: 29910015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing opioid overdose mortality, problems persist in the availability and quality of treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Three FDA-approved medications (methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone) have high quality evidence supporting their use, but most individuals with OUD do not receive them and many experience relapse following care episodes. Developing and organizing quality measures under a unified framework such as a Cascade of Care could improve system level practice and treatment outcomes. In this context, a review was performed of existing quality measures relevant to the treatment of OUD and the literature assessing the utility of these measures in community practice. METHODS Systematic searches of two national quality measure clearinghouses (National Quality Forum and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) were performed for measures that can be applied to the treatment of OUD. Measures were categorized as structural, process, or outcome measures. Second stage searches were then performed within Ovid/Medline focused on published studies investigating the feasibility, reliability, and validity of identified measures, predictors of their satisfaction, and related clinical outcomes. RESULTS Seven quality measures were identified that are applicable to the treatment of OUD. All seven were process measures that assess patterns of service delivery. One recently approved measure addresses retention in medication-assisted treatment for patients with OUD. Twenty-nine published studies were identified that evaluate the quality measures, primarily focused on initiation and engagement in care for addiction treatment generally. Most measures and related studies do not specifically incorporate the evidence base for the treatment of OUD or assess patient level outcomes such as overdose. CONCLUSION Despite considerable progress, gaps exist in quality measures for OUD treatment. Development of a unified quality measurement framework such as an OUD Treatment Cascade will require further elaboration and refinement of existing measures across populations and settings. Such a framework could form the basis for applying strategies at clinical, organizational, and policy levels to expand access to quality care and reduce opioid-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Robin Williams
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States.
| | - Edward V Nunes
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | - Adam Bisaga
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | - Harold A Pincus
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States; New York-Presbyterian Hospital, United States
| | - Kimberly A Johnson
- University of South Florida Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, United States
| | - Aimee N Campbell
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | - Remien H Remien
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University, United States
| | - Stephen Crystal
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, United States
| | - Peter D Friedmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts-Baystate and Baystate Health, United States
| | - Frances R Levin
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
| | - Mark Olfson
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States
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7
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Urbanoski K, Kenaszchuk C, Inglis D, Rotondi NK, Rush B. A system-level study of initiation, engagement, and equity in outpatient substance use treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat 2018; 90:19-28. [PMID: 29866380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of variations in the quality of substance use treatment is critical to ensuring equity in service delivery and maximizing treatment effectiveness. We used adapted versions of the US Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) treatment initiation and engagement measures to assess care quality in specialized outpatient services for substance use in Ontario, Canada. Using administrative data, we calculated rates of outpatient treatment initiation and engagement (N = 120,394 episodes) and investigated variation by client characteristics and treatment mandates. About half of clients who entered outpatient treatment met the criteria for initiation (i.e., had a second visit within 14 days) and 30% met the criteria for engagement (i.e., had another two visits within 30 days of initiation). The likelihood of treatment initiation and engagement was greater among older people, those with more education, those who were not mandated to enter treatment, and those with greater substance use at admission. People who entered treatment for cannabis were less likely to engage. Engagement was less likely among men than women, but gender differences were slight overall. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using adapted versions of two common measures to characterise care quality in substance use treatment services in the Canadian context. Overall, the magnitude of associations with client characteristics were quite small, suggesting that initiation and engagement were not overly localized to specific client subgroups. Findings suggest that the Ontario system has difficulty retaining clients who enter treatment and that most outpatient treatment involves care episodes of limited duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Urbanoski
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, 2300 Mackenzie Avenue, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; School of Public Health & Social Policy, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada.
| | - Chris Kenaszchuk
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Dakota Inglis
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, 2300 Mackenzie Avenue, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Nooshin Khobzi Rotondi
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Brian Rush
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
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