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Iglesias-Rios L, O'Neill MS, Handal AJ. Climate Change, Heat, and Farmworker Health. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:43. [PMID: 36515206 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221135581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie S O'Neill
- Department of Epidemiology.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health
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Mizelle E, Larson K, Doherty C. Understanding Farmworker Fluid Intake Using Intersectionality Theory. New Solut 2022; 32:19-29. [PMID: 35229666 DOI: 10.1177/10482911221078964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, Latino farmworkers are disproportionately at risk for death from heat-related illnesses. To elicit Latino farmworker perceptions on their fluid intake and heat stress, a qualitative descriptive, community-informed research study was conducted in eastern North Carolina. A total of 28 Mexican farmworkers participated in one of 4 focus groups. Using content analysis and guided by Intersectionality theory, themes and subthemes were identified. The first theme was Absence of Protection, represented by 2 subthemes: (1a) Intense Climate Considerations; and (1b) Workplace Exploitation. The second theme, Freedom to Drink, included 2 subthemes: (2a) Distance and Distaste; and (2b) Culture of Farm Work. Farmworkers perceived extreme outdoor temperatures as the greatest workplace barrier to staying hydrated and reported water accessibility and quality issues. Farmworker fluid intake was influenced by interlocking social categories and power systems. Policy recommendations that prevent farmworker heat-related illness and promote hydration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mizelle
- Department of Baccalaureate Education, College of Nursing, 3627East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kim Larson
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, 3627East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Sunburns and Sun Protection Behaviors among Male Hispanic Outdoor Day Laborers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052524. [PMID: 35270218 PMCID: PMC8909209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who work outside are at increased risk for skin cancer due to excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Little is known about UV exposures and sun safety practices of outdoor day laborers, who are disproportionately Hispanic. This study identified the correlates of sunburn and sun protection behaviors in a sample of male, Hispanic day laborers (n = 175). More than half of the participants (54.9%) experienced one or more sunburns when working during the past summer, and 62.9% reported having one or more symptoms of heat illness. The frequency of engaging in sun protection behaviors was suboptimal, including sunglasses use (M = 2.68, SD = 1.71), staying in the shade (M = 2.30, SD = 0.94), wearing sunscreen (M = 2.10, SD = 1.39), and wearing a wide-brimmed hat (M = 1.75, SD = 1.32), based on a 5-point scale (1 = never; 5 = always). Lower education level, higher levels of skin sensitivity to the sun, any symptom of heat illness, fewer barriers to wearing a wide-brimmed hat, and not wearing a wide-brimmed hat were associated with a greater number of sunburns. Factors associated with each sun protection behavior varied. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Luque JS, Becker A, Bossak BH, Grzywacz JG, Tovar-Aguilar JA, Guo Y. Knowledge and Practices to Avoid Heat-Related Illness among Hispanic Farmworkers along the Florida-Georgia Line. J Agromedicine 2019; 25:190-200. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2019.1670312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John S. Luque
- Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Alan Becker
- Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Brian H. Bossak
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Joseph G. Grzywacz
- Department of Family and Child Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Yian Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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5
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Ziehfreund S, Schuster B, Zink A. Primary prevention of keratinocyte carcinoma among outdoor workers, the general population and medical professionals: a systematic review updated for 2019. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1477-1495. [PMID: 30801774 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide 2-3 million cases of keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) are diagnosed annually. Sun-related knowledge is essential for adequate protection against solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), the main risk factor for KC. The goal was (i) to provide an updated overview of primary prevention against KC including skin cancer-related knowledge, attitudes and sun protection behaviour (SPB) of outdoor workers, the general population and medical professionals as well as (ii) to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of sun protection programmes. We conducted a systematic review of articles indexed for MEDLINE on PubMed using selected MeSH terms and keywords related to the studied topic as well as an extensive hand search of publications between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2018. We identified 51 relevant cross-sectional studies and 22 interventional studies. Sun-related knowledge and attitude showed substantial differences with some alarming results, including people who had not even heard about skin cancer before. Reported SPB varied enormously between the included studies, with none of the studies providing an overall sufficient SPB in their examined sun protection measures. However, sun protection programmes using new technologies seem to have great potential to increase sun-related knowledge and SPB. In countries worldwide, particularly in those where KC is not yet a public health issue, UVR protection should be promoted by healthcare institutions and authorities, politicians, cancer foundations and dermatologists to increase awareness as well as SPB and to decrease the worldwide burden of KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ziehfreund
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Schuster
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Zink
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Görig T, Diehl K, Greinert R, Breitbart EW, Schneider S. Prevalence of sun-protective behaviour and intentional sun tanning in German adolescents and adults: results of a nationwide telephone survey. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:225-235. [PMID: 28573745 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence rate of melanoma in the Caucasian population is rising worldwide. One of the major environmental risk factors for melanoma is the exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To prevent skin damage caused by UV exposure, several organizations recommend wearing protective clothing, staying in the shade, avoiding the outdoors during midday and using sunscreen. OBJECTIVE To provide representative data on factors associated with sun-protective behaviours and intentional sun exposure during summertime in the German population. METHODS A population-based sample of 3000 German residents aged 14-45 years (response: 32.1%) was interviewed via telephone from October to December 2015. Survey participants provided data on the use of recommended sun-protective measures on a sunny summer day and their intentional sun exposure during summertime. Data were weighted by age, sex, educational level and federal state to ensure the national representativeness of the sample. RESULTS Wearing long-sleeved clothes was the most frequently reported protective measure (53.9%), while wearing headgear was the least common (17.9%). Significantly lower frequencies of almost all recommended sun-protective measures were identified for males, participants between 14 and 25 years, those with an immigrant background and those with low levels of education. Using sun protection was positively associated with female gender (OR = 1.62), higher levels of education (ORhigh = 1.27), sunburn during childhood (OR = 1.33) and paying attention to healthy nutrition (OR = 1.64; all P < 0.05). Sun tanning behaviour was associated with female gender (OR = 1.42), younger age, lower level of education, sunbed use (OR = 5.24) and smoking status (OR = 1.50; all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION As individual sun-protective measures are easy to implement and provide effective protection against high-risk UV exposure, campaigns on skin cancer prevention in Germany should put a stronger focus on young adults, men, less educated individuals and those with immigration background.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Görig
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K Diehl
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R Greinert
- Association of Dermatological Prevention, Hamburg, Germany.,Center of Dermatology, Elbe Clinics, Buxtehude, Germany
| | - E W Breitbart
- Association of Dermatological Prevention, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Schneider
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Miller KA, In GK, Jiang SY, Ahadiat O, Higgins S, Wysong A, Cockburn MG. Skin Cancer Prevention Among Hispanics: a Review of the Literature. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-017-0191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Maguire E, Spurr A. Implementation of Ultraviolet Radiation Safety Measures for Outdoor Workers. J Cutan Med Surg 2016; 21:117-124. [PMID: 27940497 DOI: 10.1177/1203475416683389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) poses a major risk for outdoor workers, putting them at greater risk for skin cancer. In the general population, the incidence of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers is increasing. It is estimated that 90% of skin cancers in Canada are directly attributable to UVR exposure, making this cancer largely preventable with the appropriate precautions. A scoping review was conducted on the barriers and facilitators to UVR safety in outdoor workers to elucidate why these precautions are not in use currently. We discuss these results according to the Hierarchy of Controls as a means to outline effective and feasible prevention strategies for outdoor workers. In doing so, this review may be used to inform the design of future workplace interventions for UVR safety in outdoor workers to decrease the risk of skin cancer in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Maguire
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alison Spurr
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Benson J, Garrison E, Dropkin J, Jenkins PL. Methodological concerns related to response bias in migrant and seasonal farmworkers. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59:1112-1119. [PMID: 27485597 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The original objective was to measure the impact of kneepads on musculoskeletal pain in migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFWs). Secondary analyses were conducted to quantify the extent to which response bias may have skewed the study's results. METHODS Surveys were used to collect data on baseline pain and post-intervention pain, the amount of time participants spent wearing kneepads, and their overall ratings of the intervention. RESULTS Participants did not experience significantly less pain with kneepads, and wore them for considerably less than the prescribed amount of time. However, subjects rated them very favorably. Given the strong suspicion of response bias, no firm conclusions could be drawn regarding the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Unique survey methodologies must be used with MSFWs, who tend to have low research literacy and are particularly susceptible to response bias. Objective study outcomes are particularly favorable in this population in order to minimize dependence on self-reported measures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1112-1119, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Benson
- Columbia University School of Medicine; New York New York
| | - Emma Garrison
- The New York Center for Agricultural Medicine and Health; Bassett Healthcare Network; Cooperstown New York
| | - Jonathan Dropkin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine; Hofstra New York
| | - Paul L. Jenkins
- Bassett Research Institute; Bassett Healthcare Network; Cooperstown New York
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Tsuji H, Usuda K, Takahashi Y, Kono K, Tamaki J. Challenges and solutions in immigrant occupational health in the United States: a literature review and comparative analysis. SANGYŌ EISEIGAKU ZASSHI = JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2016; 58:63-71. [PMID: 26983493 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.e15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because of the declining birthrate in Japan, an increasing number of companies are hiring immigrants to fill the labor shortage. Although research on migrant occupational health has progressed in the United States, this topic has received little attention in Japan. The aim of this study was to elucidate the current situation, challenges, and solutions surrounding the occupational health of immigrant workers in the United States. METHODS Data and selected studies were reviewed and analyzed. The results are discussed, and a few anecdotal experiences in the United States are introduced and compared. RESULTS Possible causes of disparities in immigrant occupational health fell into the following seven categories. (Keywords for each category are shown in parentheses.) (1) Occupation (hazardous job, injury, missed workday, blue-collar worker, low birth weight); (2) Education (academic record, health literacy, training); (3) Culture (culture-specific, community-based); (4) Environment (poor hygiene, regional disparities, environmental change); (5) Access (language, statistics, workers' compensation, health insurance, voluntary restraint); (6) Infection (tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, follow-up); and (7) Discrimination (race, assault, harassment). Lack of data on immigrant workers was found to be a common problem. Some businesses and community groups achieved positive results by simultaneously dealing with multiple aforementioned categories. DISCUSSION In the United States, the occupational health of immigrant workers has been studied mainly in terms of health disparities. Possible causes of disparities in immigrant occupational health fell into seven categories. Solutions centered on the keywords in each category were inferred. Some businesses and community groups achieved positive results by simultaneously dealing with multiple aforementioned categories. Occupational health professionals have to take each of seven categories into account to improve immigrant occupational health. Even the United States-a developed country facing many migrant occupational health problems-needs further research and better data. To address this issue in Japan, we too need more data and further research on immigrants, along with efforts by businesses and community groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuji
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College
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Kearney GD, Hu H, Xu X, Hall MB, Balanay JAG. Estimating the Prevalence of Heat-Related Symptoms and Sun Safety–Related Behavior among Latino Farmworkers in Eastern North Carolina. J Agromedicine 2015; 21:15-23. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2015.1106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Day AK, Stapleton JL, Natale-Pereira AM, Goydos JS, Coups EJ. Occupational sunscreen use among US Hispanic outdoor workers. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:578. [PMID: 26477041 PMCID: PMC4609133 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is a risk factor for skin cancer, and Hispanic individuals are over-represented in a number of outdoor occupations (e.g., farming, landscaping). This study examined predictors of occupational sunscreen use in a group of US Hispanic adults who work outdoors. Results A population-based sample of outdoor workers (n = 149, 85 % male) completed survey measures regarding their demographics, melanoma risk, perceived skin cancer risk, skin cancer knowledge, and their occupational sunscreen use. Sixty-nine percent of the sample reported never or rarely wearing sunscreen while working outdoors. Being female (p = .02), having a higher level of education (p = .03), and residing at a higher latitude (p = .04) were associated with more frequent sunscreen use. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of interventions to promote sun protection behaviors among US Hispanic outdoor workers, and identifies potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Day
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, North Tce Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
| | - Jerod L Stapleton
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Ana M Natale-Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - James S Goydos
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Elliot J Coups
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Zamoiski RD, Cahoon EK, Michal Freedman D, Linet MS. Self-reported sunscreen use and urinary benzophenone-3 concentrations in the United States: NHANES 2003-2006 and 2009-2012. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:563-7. [PMID: 26298557 PMCID: PMC4609273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunscreens protect against skin cancer and other harmful effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Epidemiologic and public health surveys often rely on self-reported sunscreen use to estimate sun exposure and avoidance, but questions remain about the validity of self-reports. Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), a common sunscreen ingredient, can be detected in the urine. Prior studies suggest that BP-3 concentrations increase after application of sunscreen. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to assess the validity of self-reported frequency of sunscreen use in relation to urinary BP-3 concentrations in a representative sample of the general US population, including in sub-groups defined by age, sex and race/ethnicity. METHODS To assess the relationship between categorical self-reported sunscreen use and creatinine-corrected urinary BP-3 concentrations, we conducted a linear regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, six-month time period, body mass index, education, and sun avoidance behaviors. We tested for effect modification by age, sex, ethnicity and time period of measurement using multiplicative interaction terms and a F test. RESULTS BP-3 was positively associated with self-reported frequency of sunscreen use across all ages, sexes, race/ethnicities, and time periods. Crude and multivariate adjusted models were all statistically significant. R-square was relatively low for all models, ranging from 0.15 to 0.43. CONCLUSIONS Urinary BP-3 is positively associated with self-reported frequency of sunscreen use in the general US population, even in groups with overall low sunscreen use. These results suggest that self-report is a valid, although weak, way of assessing relative frequencies of sunscreen usage in a population-based study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Zamoiski
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States.
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - D Michal Freedman
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Martha S Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
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