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Alam N, Mariam W. Impact of tobacco habits on poor oral health status among bone-factory workers in a low literacy city in India: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299594. [PMID: 38630749 PMCID: PMC11023192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral health is a vital indicator of well-being that is influenced by various habits and lifestyles of individuals. Oral diseases are the bottleneck in the effective control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) due to chronic in nature and reciprocal relationship as sharing the common risk factors and habits such as sugar, tobacco, and alcohol consumption that increase the risk of developing various inevitable diseases. However, there is a lack of literature highlighting the relationship between risk factors for oral diseases and general health among individuals. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 study participants aged 20 to 64 years who gave written informed consent and were recruited by Multistage Stratified Cluster Sampling technique among workers in five bone factories, working for at least one year since January 2001 to March 2022 in Sambhal city, Uttar Pradesh. WHO-Basic Oral Health Survey-1997 was used to record the data regarding sociodemographic and oral health status variables. We used the modified WHO-STEPWISE pre-structured questionnaire to record tobacco consumption habits and oral health-seeking behavior. We scheduled a clinical intra-oral examination to record the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and the interview on the premises of five bone factories. Among the 500 bone-factory workers, the total number of males was 342 (68.40%) and 158 (31.60%) were females. The mean age (Standard Deviation) was 33.18 (10), and the mean DMFT score of factory workers was 2.84 (3.12). Production workers had the highest mean DMFT score of 4.60 (3.25). More than half of the factory workers (53.2%) were tobacco users. Tobacco users were 3.52 times more likely to have a severe DMFT index. Most common pre-cancerous lesions were oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia. Compared to non-tobacco users, mild tobacco users have 6.80 folds higher odds of oral lesions. Tobacco consumption is not only harmful for oral health but also leads to several non-communicable and systemic diseases. NCDs and dental caries are chronic and preventable conditions with a bidirectional relationship implicated by modifiable major risk factors such as tobacco consumption. Decreasing the consumption of tobacco use may improve oral health and reduce the risk of the development of NCDs. Also, regular dental visits should be scheduled to monitor the oral health status of factory workers. Additionally, tailored intervention for tobacco cessation should be implicated to maintain the general and oral health of industrial workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naved Alam
- Department of Public Health, BRAC JPGSPH, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Warisha Mariam
- Division of Immunization, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
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Park D, Minnick D. Workplace Context to Prevent Substance Misuse in the United States: Associations Between workplace Policies and Employee Substance Use Disorders. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426231152913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Workplace policies are important because employee rates of alcohol and drug misuse can be associated with work-related risk factors in the United States. To explore the associations, this study analyzed the 2010–2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health datasets. The overall sample size was 130,726, and the SUD outcome variables included alcohol, marijuana, pain reliever, and illicit drug use disorders. 20% of participants reported no substance use policies in their workplace. Significant associations were identified between all four measured SUD outcome variables, the presence of specific substance use workplace policies, and individual employment sectors. Specifically, comprehensive policies out of six policies were significantly associated with decreased SUDs in nearly every employment sector. The results of this study suggest that workplace substance use policies are important to prevent the development of employee SUDs and comprehensive policies in place can be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejun Park
- Department of Social Work, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Dane Minnick
- Department of Social Work, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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Lee D, Lee KS, Kim H, Lee Y, Lee MJ, Lee H, Myong JP, Kim H, Lee J. Awareness and Needs of Smoking Cessation Services for Female Emotional Laborers, Parcel Delivery Workers, Transportation Workers, and Construction Workers in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15220. [PMID: 36429938 PMCID: PMC9690047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although South Korea has implemented various smoking cessation services, women who are emotional laborers, as well as parcel delivery, transportation, and construction workers, have poor access to these services. This study evaluated the smoking-related characteristics of workers in these four occupations as well as the awareness of and need for smoking cessation services. In total 808 workers in these four occupations aged 19 years and above were recruited nationwide and had their data analyzed. The participants' age, marital status, number of work hours per week, job-related stress, age when they started smoking, average number of cigarettes a day, types of tobacco products, close relationships to others who smoke, number of attempts to quit smoking, plans to quit smoking, awareness of cessation services, prior utilization of cessation services, and need for cessation services were surveyed. Compared with parcel delivery workers, female emotional laborers and transportation and construction workers had more attempts to quit smoking, plans to quit smoking, and prior utilization of smoking cessation services, moreover, construction workers had a significantly lower awareness of smoking cessation services. Parcel delivery workers need smoking cessation programs, mobile applications to help them quit smoking, and improvements in their work environments. Cessation services and education should be promoted at workplaces and among managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahyeon Lee
- Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health and Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Sook Lee
- Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health and Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Seoul Tobacco Control Center, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Korean Association on Smoking or Health, Seoul 07238, Republic of Korea
| | - Haena Kim
- Seoul Tobacco Control Center, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Lee
- Seoul Tobacco Control Center, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ji Lee
- Seoul Tobacco Control Center, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Lee
- Korean Association on Smoking or Health, Seoul 07238, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Myong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyeong Kim
- Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jakyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Jitnarin N, Poston WSC, Jahnke SA, Haddock CK, Kelley HN, Severson HH. A qualitative study to assess perceptions, barriers, and motivators supporting smokeless tobacco cessation in the US fire service. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251128. [PMID: 33974644 PMCID: PMC8112677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While firefighters currently have low smoking rates, rates of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among this population are remarkably high and substantially greater than similar occupational groups, and the general population. This study explored determinants associated with SLT use, barriers to cessation, and motivators for SLT cessation in the fire service. Key informant interviews were conducted in 23 career firefighters who were current (n = 14) and former (n = 9) SLT users from across the U.S. Discussions were recorded and independently coded according to questions and themes. Major themes that developed among firefighters regarding SLT use determinants included positive perceptions of SLT products, social influences from their peers and family members, acceptability of SLT use in the fire service, and a coping resource for job stress. Firefighters discussed several barriers to SLT cessation, including intrapersonal barriers such as SLT use habits and its dependency, concerns about withdrawal symptoms; and social-environmental barriers including lack of support from health and other services providers, and lack of enforcement of existing tobacco policies regarding SLT use. Firefighters also mentioned both internal and external motivators for cessation. Internal motivators included self-motivation and their health concerns while external motivators included friends and family support, incentives or rewards, and price of SLT products. Findings provide unique perspectives from firefighters on factors that influence SLT use and barriers and motivators to SLT cessation. These are insufficiently assessed and considered by the fire service organizations and their health care providers. Thus, the organizations must understand these issues in order to mitigate barriers and motivate the personnel to quit using SLT. Information gained from firefighters who were current and former SLT users can be used to develop an effective, culturally-tailored intervention that is acceptable to fire service personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattinee Jitnarin
- Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, NDRI–USA, Inc., Leawood, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Walker S. C. Poston
- Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, NDRI–USA, Inc., Leawood, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sara A. Jahnke
- Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, NDRI–USA, Inc., Leawood, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Christopher K. Haddock
- Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, NDRI–USA, Inc., Leawood, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Hannah N. Kelley
- Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, NDRI–USA, Inc., Leawood, Kansas, United States of America
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Jitnarin N, Poston WSC, Jahnke SA, Haddock CK, Severson HH. Development and beta test of a smokeless tobacco cessation program for firefighters. Tob Prev Cessat 2021; 7:26. [PMID: 33851067 PMCID: PMC8029998 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/132963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among firefighters is substantially higher than the general population and similar occupational groups. Despite the significant health risks associated with SLT and its impact on occupational readiness, there are no occupationally-tailored SLT education or treatment programs for the fire service. The purpose of this study was to beta test QUIT SPIT!, a self-help SLT cessation program that is culturally tailored for the US fire service and firefighters who are interested in quitting. METHODS After development and tailoring the QUIT SPIT! SLT cessation program for firefighters, the feasibility and acceptability of the program were evaluated in a sample of eleven SLT-using firefighters who wanted to quit. The primary outcome was a 7-day point prevalence of SLT abstinence measured at 4 and 12 weeks post-enrollment follow-up assessments. RESULTS Four firefighters reported having quit SLT (7-days point prevalence) at follow-up at 12 weeks. Those who did not achieve SLT abstinence reported reductions in frequency and quantity in SLT use and demonstrated a decrease in nicotine dependence. Firefighters also reported being satisfied with the QUIT SPIT! cessation program. CONCLUSIONS The results provide strong support for the feasibility and acceptability of the QUIT SPIT! in SLT-using firefighters interested in quitting. The findings provide critical information about the next steps for further development and evaluation of the QUIT SPIT! program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattinee Jitnarin
- Center for Fire, Rescue and EMS Health Research, NDRI-USA, Leawood, United States
| | - Walker S C Poston
- Center for Fire, Rescue and EMS Health Research, NDRI-USA, Leawood, United States
| | - Sara A Jahnke
- Center for Fire, Rescue and EMS Health Research, NDRI-USA, Leawood, United States
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Ahmad A, Rahman I, Alagarajan M. Prevalence and pattern of substance use among sandstone mine workers in Rajasthan, India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate construction workers' health behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions of health risks from work related and non-work related hazards. METHODS Construction workers completed a survey that assessed hazardous health behaviors (such as alcohol and tobacco use), attitudes toward health, and health risk perceptions. We compared construction workers' health behaviors to general population data from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS). RESULTS Construction workers reported greater smoking and drinking compared with their age-adjusted white man counterparts in Missouri. While there was a high awareness of work-related health and safety risks, concerns about general health risks did not correspond with risks from relevant health behaviors. CONCLUSION Educational efforts have created awareness of work-related safety and health issues in this population; similar efforts are needed to address disparities of general health behaviors.
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Graber JM, Wackowski OA, Bover Manderski MT, Rose CS, Cohen RA, Delnevo CD. Assessing Tobacco Use Among Working Adults in the United States: the Need to Consider Poly-tobacco Use. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59:e100. [PMID: 28486349 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Graber
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers, Piscataway, New Jersey Department of Health Education and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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