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Saint-Martin DRF, Barreto KA, Soares EMKVK, Machado MS, Morais CSDS, Barbosa AMB, Nogueira RM, D'Isabel S, Smith DL, Molina GE, Grossi Porto LG. A 7-Month Multidisciplinary Healthy Lifestyle Intervention Effectively Improved Cardiometabolic Risk Profile of Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:605-614. [PMID: 38603581 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of a 7-month healthy lifestyle intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) among male career military firefighters (FFs). METHODS Forty-nine FFs participated in a 7-month workplace multiddisciplinary healthy lifestyle intervention designed to reduce CMRF through exercise, diet, and improved sleep. Medical assessments, accelerometry, and surveys at the beginning and end determined program effectiveness. RESULTS At the end of the intervention period, there was a significant improvement in measures of body composition and blood glucose. The prevalence of hypertension also decreased significantly ( P < 0.01). The 57% of participants who fully adhered to the program had significantly greater improvements across multiple CMRF. Participants increased their physical activity and improved their diet following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS This healthy lifestyle intervention was effective in changing behavior and lowering cardiometabolic risk among FFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodrigues Ferreira Saint-Martin
- From the Faculty of Physical Education of the University of Brasilia FEF/UnB, Brasilia-DF, Brazil (D.R.F.S.-M., K.A.B., E.M.K.V.K.S., R.M.N., G.E.M., L.G.G.P.); Grupo de Estudos em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física GEAFS, Brasilia-DF, Brazil (D.R.F.S.-M., K.A.B., E.M.K.V.K.S., R.M.N., G.E.M., L.G.G.P.); Federal District Military Firefighter Brigade CBMDF, Brasilia-DF, Brazil (M.S.M., C.S.d.S.M., A.M.B.B., R.M.N.); and First Responder Health and Safety Lab, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs-NY (S.D'I., D.L.S., E.M.K.V.K.S.)
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Beckett A, Scott JR, Chater AM, Ferrandino L, Aldous JWF. The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Firefighters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6814. [PMID: 37835084 PMCID: PMC10572458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies consistently report a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among firefighters. However, the clustering of CVD risk factors, defined as metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), has received little attention by comparison. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetSyn among firefighters. Using combinations of free text for 'firefighter' and 'metabolic syndrome', databases were searched for eligible studies. Meta-analyses calculated weighted pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetSyn, its components and overweight/obesity. Univariate meta-regression was performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Of 1440 articles screened, 25 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of MetSyn in 31,309 firefighters was 22.3% (95% CI: 17.7-27.0%). The prevalences of MetSyn components were hypertension: 39.1%; abdominal obesity: 37.9%; hypertriglyceridemia: 30.2%; dyslipidemia: 30.1%; and hyperglycemia: 21.1%. Overweight and obesity prevalence rates in firefighters were 44.1% and 35.6%, respectively. Meta-regression revealed that decreased risk of bias (RoB) score and increased body mass index (BMI) were positively associated with an increase in MetSyn prevalence. Since one in five firefighters may meet the criteria for MetSyn, novel interventions should be explored to both prevent MetSyn and reduce the onset of CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Beckett
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
| | - Jake Riley Scott
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
| | - Angel Marie Chater
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
- Centre for Behaviour Change (CBC), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Louise Ferrandino
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
| | - Jeffrey William Frederick Aldous
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford MK41 9EA, UK; (J.R.S.); (A.M.C.); (L.F.); (J.W.F.A.)
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Choi JE, Bae MJ, Kim MJ, Oh SS, Park KS, Lee CJ, Park S, Koh SB, Cho J, Kim C. Heavy metal exposure linked to metabolic syndrome in Korean male firefighters: FRESH cohort cross-sectional analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14016. [PMID: 37640773 PMCID: PMC10462650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the relationship between blood lead and Cadmium (Cd) concentrations and metabolic syndromes (MetS), including its components (central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lioioritein, hypertension, and hyperglycemia) among Korean firefighters. A total of 965 firefighters of the Enhancement of Safety and Health cohort were analyzed in this study. MetS was defined according to the 2005 revised National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity criteria for waist circumference. The collected data were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Of the 965 participants, 190 (19.7%) had MetS. After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, drinking, exercise, shift duty, and main duty position, the Cd level was significantly associated with an increased risk of MetS in the Korean firefighter population (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 2.46). This association was significant among non-smokers and ex-smokers (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.03, 2.43), non-drinkers and ex-drinkers (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.06, 2.94), firefighters aged 40 year or older (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.10, 2.86), and office administrators (OR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.42, 10.39). This outcome suggests that exposure to Cd is likely to increase risk of MetS among firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eun Choi
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
- Institute of East West Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mun-Joo Bae
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Ji Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chan Joo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jaelim Cho
- Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim JA, Song SY, Jeong W, Jun JK. Non-cancer health risks in firefighters: a systematic review. Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022109. [PMID: 36397239 PMCID: PMC10396521 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
osFirefighters are occupationally exposed to hazardous factors that may increase their risk of disease. However, non-cancer disease risk in firefighters has not been systematically examined. This systematic review aimed to identify non-cancer disease risk in firefighters and determine whether the risk differs according to job characteristics. We searched the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and KoreaMed databases using relevant keywords from their inception to April 30, 2021. The Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies version 2.0 was used to assess the quality of evidence. Due to study heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was presented. The systematic literature search yielded 2,491 studies, of which 66 met the selection and quality criteria. We confirmed that the healthy worker effect is strong in firefighters as compared to the general population. We also identified a significant increase in the incidence of lumbar disc herniation, lower back pain, angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in firefighters compared to other occupational groups. Contradictory results for the risk of PTSD and anxiety disorders related to rank were reported. Sufficient evidence for increased risk of lumbar disc herniation, lower back pain, angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, and PTSD was available. The risk of non-cancer diseases varied depending on job type, years of service, and rank. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results because the classification criteria for firefighters' jobs and ranks differ by country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Song
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Wonjeong Jeong
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Jun
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Demiralp N, Özel F. Evaluation of metabolic syndrome and sleep quality in shift workers. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 71:453-459. [PMID: 34791382 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift workers have risks associated with metabolic syndrome and low sleep quality. AIMS This study aimed to examine metabolic syndrome and sleep quality in firefighters and mine workers working shifts and daytime hours. METHODS A comparative descriptive study was conducted in two institutions on firefighters and mine workers (n = 120) who were working shifts (n = 84) and working daytime hours (n = 36). The data were obtained using a questionnaire including socio-demographic information, anthropometric measurements and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS When risk of metabolic syndrome was compared with sleep quality, it was found that according to International Diabetes Federation criteria, 11% of those diagnosed with metabolic syndrome among shift-working firefighters and 5% of those diagnosed with metabolic syndrome among shift-working miners had low sleep quality. It was found that according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, 9% of those diagnosed with metabolic syndrome among shift firefighters and 2% of those diagnosed with metabolic syndrome among shift miners had low sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS Preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Demiralp
- Department of Civil Defense and Fire Fighting Program, Kastamonu University, Bozkurt Vocational High School, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - F Özel
- Department of Nursing, Kastamonu University, School of Health Science, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Damacena FC, Batista TJ, Ayres LR, Zandonade E, Sampaio KN. Obesity prevalence in Brazilian firefighters and the association of central obesity with personal, occupational and cardiovascular risk factors: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032933. [PMID: 32169924 PMCID: PMC7069316 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the obesity prevalence in a population of Brazilian firefighters and the association of central obesity (CO) with sociodemographic, occupational, life habits, fitness and health status variables. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS The data were collected during annual health inspections of firefighters from the Military Fire Service of the State of Espírito Santo, a state in Southeast Brazil. PARTICIPANTS The study encompassed 1018 active military firefighters. After exclusion criteria, 892 male firefighters were analysed. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The collected data included: sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle, fitness and health status variables. The associations between these factors and CO were calculated by adjusted OR through a hierarchical logistic regression model. RESULTS Obesity estimation by body mass index indicated that 48.65% of the firefighters were overweight and 10.99% were obese. Concerning the body fat percentage, 26.23% of the participants were considered obese, while 18.61% of the firefighters were considered centrally obese or at risk using the waist circumference measure. After adjusted OR analysis, CO was more likely associated with the age range of 50 to 59 years old (OR 2.93; 95% CI 1.05 to 8.14), low self-reported physical activity (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.14 to 3.34), low cardiorespiratory fitness (OR 5.15; 95% CI 3.22 to 8.23), hyperglycaemia (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.72) and hypertriglyceridaemia fasting status (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.75 to 5.55). CONCLUSIONS Our study identified an overall high prevalence of overweight and obese individuals in the examined firefighter population. Age and cardiovascular risk factors were directly associated with CO among the firefighters. Cardiovascular risk factors should be routinely inspected within the Brazilian firefighters' corporations in order to improve the health condition and wellness of these workers. These endeavours will improve the performance of the services provided to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Camargo Damacena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Thatiany Jardim Batista
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Rocha Ayres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Zandonade
- Statistical Department, Public Health Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Karla Nívea Sampaio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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