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He B, Xu HM, Liu HW, Zhang YF. Unique regulatory roles of ncRNAs changed by PM 2.5 in human diseases. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114812. [PMID: 36963186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is a type of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 µm, and exposure to PM2.5 can adversely damage human health. PM2.5 may impair health through oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, immune function alterations and chromosome or DNA damage. Through increasing in-depth studies, researchers have found that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) as well as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), might play significant roles in PM2.5-related human diseases via some of the abovementioned mechanisms. Therefore, in this review, we mainly discuss the regulatory function of ncRNAs altered by PM2.5 in human diseases and summarize the potential molecular mechanisms. The findings reveal that these ncRNAs might induce or promote diseases via inflammation, the oxidative stress response, cell autophagy, apoptosis, cell junction damage, altered cell proliferation, malignant cell transformation, disruption of synaptic function and abnormalities in the differentiation and status of immune cells. Moreover, according to a bioinformatics analysis, the altered expression of potential genes caused by these ncRNAs might be related to the development of some human diseases. Furthermore, some ncRNAs, including lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs, or processes in which they are involved may be used as biomarkers for relevant diseases and potential targets to prevent these diseases. Additionally, we performed a meta-analysis to identify more promising diagnostic ncRNAs as biomarkers for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hai-Ming Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Hao-Wen Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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2
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Han B, Liu Q, Su X, Zhou L, Zhang B, Kang H, Ning J, Li C, Zhao B, Niu Y, Chen W, Chen L, Zhang R. The role of PP2A /NLRP3 signaling pathway in ambient particulate matter 2.5 induced lung injury. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135794. [PMID: 35926746 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure has been linked to pulmonary fibrosis. However, the key signaling pathways remained unclear. In the present study, we applied a mouse model with myeloid-specific deletion of Ppp2r1a gene (encoding protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) A subunit) to identify the key signaling pathways involved in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. PP2A Aα-/- homozygote mice and matched wild-type (WT) littermates were exposed to filtered air (FA), unfiltered air (UA), and concentrated PM2.5 (CA) in a real-ambient PM exposure system for 8 weeks and 16 weeks, respectively. The mice exposed to PM2.5 displayed a progressive inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, the expressions of NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, ASC and IL-1β were increased in mice lung following PM2.5 exposure, indicating PM2.5 exposure caused pulmonary inflammation by the NLRP3 pathways activation. Furthermore, the effects of PM exposure on pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, oxidative stress, and pulmonary function damage were significantly enhanced in PP2A-/- mice compared to WT mice, indicating the role of PP2A in the regulation of pulmonary injury induced by PM exposure. In vitro study confirmed that PP2A was involved in the PM2.5-induced inflammation response and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Importantly, we identified PP2A regulated the activation of NLRP3 pathways by direct dephosphorylating IRE1α in response to PM2.5 exposure. Taken together, our results demonstrated that PP2A-IRE1α-NLRP3 signaling pathway played a crucial role in regulating the inflammation response, triggering the lung fibrogenesis upon PM2.5 exposure. Our findings provide new insights into regulatory role of PP2A in human diseases upon the PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Qingping Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Hui Kang
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Yujie Niu
- Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
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Liu Z, Gong F, Tian L, Yan J, Li K, Tan Y, Han J, Zhao Y, Li D, Xi Z, Liu X. Acute exercise in ozone-polluted air induces apoptosis in rat quadriceps femoris muscle cells via mitochondrial pathway. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 4:190-197. [PMID: 36090921 PMCID: PMC9453690 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution can decrease sport performance and induce respiratory toxicity, but relatively few studies have investigated its effects on skeletal muscles. We randomly assigned rats to the following groups based on a 2 × 4 two-factor factorial design: Air+0, Air+10, Air+15, and Air+20, O3+0, O3+10, O3+15, and O3+20. The rats in the +0 groups rested, whereas those in the +10, +15, and +20 groups ran on a treadmill (in clean air for Air groups and in air polluted with 0.14 parts per million [ppm] O3 for O3 groups) at speeds of 10, 15, and 20 m/min, respectively, for 1 h. Thereafter, key enzyme activities involving the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, histopathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammation factors, and apoptosis were assessed in the rat quadriceps femoris samples. Ozone reduced key enzyme activities and ATP contents in the quadriceps femoris regardless of whether the rats exercised. Pathological changes, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis were only evident under conditions of exercise combined with ozone and increasingly worsened as exercise intensity increased. These findings suggested that acute exercise under ozone exposure could induce damage to the quadriceps femoris, which would negatively affect sport performance. Ozone-induced disrupted energy metabolism might be an early event that becomes more critical as exercise intensity increases. Therefore, care should be taken when exercising in polluted air, even when ozone pollution is mild. O3 itself inhibited key enzyme activities in TCA and oxidative phosphorylation. O3 decreased ATP production regardless of whether it was coupled with exercise. Acute exercise in O3 polluted air induced oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction. Acute exercise in O3 polluted air caused mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. O3 and exercise synergistically regulated levels of IL-2, IL-6 and 8-OHdG in muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Fuxu Gong
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yizhe Tan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jie Han
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Da Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Corresponding author. Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, No.1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China.
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Gonzales T, Whalen E. Easy Breathing: A Review of the Impact of Air Quality on Pediatric Health Outcomes. J Pediatr Health Care 2022; 36:57-63. [PMID: 34922677 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Preventable environmental factors such as exposure to poor air quality are predicted to affect 23% of all global deaths. Although there have been efforts to reduce air pollution through federal guidelines for vehicle and industrial emissions, the air in the United States remains far from clean. Children and pregnant women have been identified as high-risk populations who are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of poor air quality. This paper provides an overview of health concerns related to poor air quality, pediatric considerations from pregnancy through childhood, the importance of increased awareness of air quality assessment and prevention in patient encounters, and current advocacy efforts and legislation.
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da Silveira Fleck A, Sadoine ML, Buteau S, Suarthana E, Debia M, Smargiassi A. Environmental and Occupational Short-Term Exposure to Airborne Particles and FEV 1 and FVC in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010571. [PMID: 34682321 PMCID: PMC8536058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: No study has compared the respiratory effects of environmental and occupational particulate exposure in healthy adults. Methods: We estimated, by a systematic review and meta-analysis, the associations between short term exposures to fine particles (PM2.5 and PM4) and certain parameters of lung function (FEV1 and FVC) in healthy adults. Results: In total, 33 and 14 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analyses, respectively. In environmental studies, a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an FEV1 reduction of 7.63 mL (95% CI: −10.62 to −4.63 mL). In occupational studies, an increase of 10 µg/m3 in PM4 was associated with an FEV1 reduction of 0.87 mL (95% CI: −1.36 to −0.37 mL). Similar results were observed with FVC. Conclusions: Both occupational and environmental short-term exposures to fine particles are associated with reductions in FEV1 and FVC in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan da Silveira Fleck
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Margaux L. Sadoine
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Stéphane Buteau
- Institut National de Sante Publique du Québec (INSPQ), 190 Boul Crémazie E, Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada;
| | - Eva Suarthana
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 2155 Rue Guy, Montreal, QC H3H 2L9, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche de l’Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (CRHSCM), 5400 Boul Gouin O, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Maximilien Debia
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 2375 Chem. de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; (A.d.S.F.); (M.L.S.); (M.D.)
- Centre for Public Health Research (CReSP), 7101 Av du Parc, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Institut National de Sante Publique du Québec (INSPQ), 190 Boul Crémazie E, Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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Wyatt LH, Devlin RB, Rappold AG, Case MW, Diaz-Sanchez D. Low levels of fine particulate matter increase vascular damage and reduce pulmonary function in young healthy adults. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:58. [PMID: 33198760 PMCID: PMC7670817 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) related mild inflammation, altered autonomic control of cardiovascular function, and changes to cell function have been observed in controlled human exposure studies. METHODS To measure the systemic and cardiopulmonary impacts of low-level PM exposure, we exposed 20 healthy, young volunteers to PM2.5, in the form of concentrated ambient particles (mean: 37.8 μg/m3, SD 6.5), and filtered air (mean: 2.1 μg/m3, SD 2.6). In this double-blind, crossover study the exposure order was randomized. During the 4 h exposure, volunteers (7 females and 13 males) underwent light intensity exercise to regulate ventilation rate. We measured pulmonary, cardiac, and hematologic end points before exposure, 1 h after exposure, and again 20 h after exposure. RESULTS Low-level PM2.5 resulted in both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary changes characterized by alterations in systematic inflammation markers, cardiac repolarization, and decreased pulmonary function. A mean increase in PM2.5 concentration (37.8 μg/m3) significantly increased serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), 1 h after exposure by 8.7, 9.1, 10.7, and 6.6%, respectively, relative to the filtered air control. SAA remained significantly elevated (34.6%) 20 h after PM2.5 exposure which was accompanied by a 5.7% decrease in percent neutrophils. Decreased pulmonary function was observed 1 h after exposure through a 0.8 and 1.2% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/ forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) respectively. Additionally, sex specific changes were observed in repolarization outcomes following PM2.5 exposure. In males, P-wave and QRS complex were increased by 15.4 and 5.4% 1 h after exposure. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first controlled human exposure study to demonstrate biological effects in response to exposure to concentrated ambient air PM2.5 particles at levels near the PM2.5 US NAAQS standard. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION clinicaltrials.gov ; Identifier: NCT03232086 . The study was registered retrospectively on July 25, 2017, prior to final data collection on October 25, 2017 and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H Wyatt
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Human Studies Facility, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
| | - Robert B Devlin
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Human Studies Facility, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Ana G Rappold
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Human Studies Facility, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Martin W Case
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Human Studies Facility, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Human Studies Facility, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
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A Robust Deep Learning Approach for Spatiotemporal Estimation of Satellite AOD and PM2.5. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accurate estimation of fine particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) at a high spatiotemporal resolution is crucial for the evaluation of its health effects. Previous studies face multiple challenges including limited ground measurements and availability of spatiotemporal covariates. Although the multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) retrieves satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) at a high spatiotemporal resolution, massive non-random missingness considerably limits its application in PM2.5 estimation. Here, a deep learning approach, i.e., bootstrap aggregating (bagging) of autoencoder-based residual deep networks, was developed to make robust imputation of MAIAC AOD and further estimate PM2.5 at a high spatial (1 km) and temporal (daily) resolution. The base model consisted of autoencoder-based residual networks where residual connections were introduced to improve learning performance. Bagging of residual networks was used to generate ensemble predictions for better accuracy and uncertainty estimates. As a case study, the proposed approach was applied to impute daily satellite AOD and subsequently estimate daily PM2.5 in the Jing-Jin-Ji metropolitan region of China in 2015. The presented approach achieved competitive performance in AOD imputation (mean test R2: 0.96; mean test RMSE: 0.06) and PM2.5 estimation (test R2: 0.90; test RMSE: 22.3 μg/m3). In the additional independent tests using ground AERONET AOD and PM2.5 measurements at the monitoring station of the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, this approach achieved high R2 (0.82–0.97). Compared with the state-of-the-art machine learning method, XGBoost, the proposed approach generated more reasonable spatial variation for predicted PM2.5 surfaces. Publically available covariates used included meteorology, MERRA2 PBLH and AOD, coordinates, and elevation. Other covariates such as cloud fractions or land-use were not used due to unavailability. The results of validation and independent testing demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach in exposure assessment of PM2.5 using satellite AOD having massive missing values.
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Zhang J, Chen Q, Wang Q, Ding Z, Sun H, Xu Y. The acute health effects of ozone and PM 2.5 on daily cardiovascular disease mortality: A multi-center time series study in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:218-223. [PMID: 30831471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To explore the acute health effects of ozone(O3) and PM2.5 on daily cardiovascular disease mortality in all the cities of Jiangsu province, China. Daily average concentrations of ozone (maximum 8-h average), fine particle matter (PM2.5), meteorological data (including temperature and relative humidity) and daily cardiovascular diseases mortality data were collected from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, in all the 13 cities of Jiangsu Province in China. The time-series model linked with Poisson distribution was used to estimate the correlation between O3 and daily cardiovascular diseases mortality, after adjusting for PM2.5 and other pollutants. Firstly, we evaluated the acute effects of O3 on cardiovascular mortality in each city in Jiangsu province, and then we combined the effects of O3 on cardiovascular disease mortality by meta-analysis. The single-pollutant model indicated that the acute health effects of O3 in different cities were quite different. After combined the effects of 13 cities, the mortality of cardiovascular diseases increased by 0.983%(95%CI:0.588-1.377%)for every 10 μg/m3 increases of O3. O3 showed the strongest effect on 3-day moving average concentration (Lag 0-3). After adjusting PM2.5,NO2, SO2, and CO, the results were still statistically significant at the multi-city level. The study found that O3 had a greater effect on women; the elderly population was susceptible and high-education groups were more vulnerable to O3, although the differences between different subgroups were insignificant. The dose-response curve showed that the mortality of cardiovascular disease increased with the increase of O3. The increase in O3 concentration of atmospheric can increase the daily mortality of cardiovascular diseases in Jiangsu, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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9
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Zhang J, Sun H, Chen Q, Gu J, Ding Z, Xu Y. Effects of individual ozone exposure on lung function in the elderly: a cross-sectional study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11690-11695. [PMID: 30806931 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the acute health effects of individual ozone (O3) exposure on the respiratory system in the elderly. A total of 40 non-smoking elderly volunteers completed personal 24 h of measurement for O3 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). To assess health effects, we measured the pulmonary function and five inflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor α/β (TNFα/β). We used the generalized additive model to analyze the association between O3 and these health effects, after adjusting PM2.5, BMI, and sex as confounders. As a result, we found a negative correlation between O3 and forced vital capacity (FVC) or forced expiratory volume-one second (FEV1). With the increasing of O3 by 10 μg/m3, FVC and FEV1 decreased by 0.13 L (95% CI 0.01, 0.26) and 0.11 L (95% CI 0.02, 0.20), respectively. We found no statistical significance between O3 and biomarkers in EBC. The results suggested that individual 24-h O3 exposure was associated with decreased pulmonary function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Gu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Hart JE, Grady ST, Laden F, Coull BA, Koutrakis P, Schwartz JD, Moy ML, Garshick E. Effects of Indoor and Ambient Black Carbon and [Formula: see text] on Pulmonary Function among Individuals with COPD. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:127008. [PMID: 30570336 PMCID: PMC6371657 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been associated with decreased pulmonary function, but the exposure–response relationship in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is uncertain, and most studies have only focused on exposures to ambient pollution. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess associations between pulmonary function and indoor and ambient PM [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) and black carbon (BC). METHODS Between November 2012 and December 2014, 125 patients with COPD (mean age, 73.4 y) who were not currently smoking and without known indoor BC sources were recruited. Indoor BC and [Formula: see text] were measured in each home for a week in each season, up to four times a year, followed by in-person spirometry pre- and post-bronchodilator. Ambient exposures were available from a central site monitor. Multivariable adjusted mixed effects regression models were used to assess associations scaled per interquartile range (IQR) of exposure. RESULTS There were 367 study visits; the median (IQR) indoor BC and [Formula: see text] were 0.19 (0.22) [Formula: see text] and 6.67 (5.80) [Formula: see text], respectively. Increasing indoor exposures to BC were associated with decreases in pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s [Formula: see text] and forced vital capacity (FVC), and [Formula: see text]. For example, in multivariable adjusted models, each IQR increase in indoor BC from the weekly integrated filter was associated with a [Formula: see text] [95% confidence interval (CI): [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]] decrease in pre-bronchodilator [Formula: see text]. Increases in indoor [Formula: see text] were associated with decreases in [Formula: see text] and FVC of smaller magnitude than those for indoor BC; however, the results were less precise. Ambient BC was not associated with pre-bronchodilator pulmonary function, ambient [Formula: see text] was only associated with decreases in FVC and increases in [Formula: see text], and neither indoor nor ambient BC or [Formula: see text] were associated with post-bronchodilator pulmonary function. CONCLUSIONS Low-level exposures to indoor BC and [Formula: see text], but not ambient exposures, were consistently associated with decreases in pre-bronchodilator pulmonary function. There was no association between exposures and post-bronchodilator pulmonary function. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie T Grady
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Administration Boston Health Care System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marilyn L Moy
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Nuvolone D, Petri D, Voller F. The effects of ozone on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8074-8088. [PMID: 28547375 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a highly reactive, oxidative gas associated with adverse health outcome, including mortality and morbidity. Data from monitoring sites worldwide show levels of ozone often exceeding EU legislation threshold and the more restrictive WHO guidelines for the protection of human health. Well-established evidence has been produced for short-term effects, especially on respiratory and cardiovascular systems, associated to ozone exposure. Less conclusive is the evidence for long-term effects, reporting suggestive associations with respiratory mortality, new-onset asthma in children and increased respiratory symptom effects in asthmatics. The growing epidemiological evidence and the increasing availability of routinely collected data on air pollutant concentrations and health statistics allow to produce robust estimates in health impact assessment routine. Most recent estimates indicate that in 2013 in EU-28, 16,000 premature deaths, equivalent to 192,000 years of life lost, are attributable to ozone exposure. Italy shows very high health impact estimates among EU countries, reporting 3380 premature deaths and 61 years of life lost (per 100,000 inhabitants) attributable to ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nuvolone
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, via Pietro Dazzi 1, Florence, Italy.
| | - Davide Petri
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, via Pietro Dazzi 1, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Voller
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, via Pietro Dazzi 1, Florence, Italy
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12
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Goodman JE, Zu K, Loftus CT, Tao G, Liu X, Lange S. Ambient ozone and asthma hospital admissions in Texas: a time-series analysis. Asthma Res Pract 2017; 3:6. [PMID: 28794889 PMCID: PMC5540296 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-017-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have evaluated associations between asthma emergency department (ED) visits, hospital admissions (HAs), and ambient ozone (O3) across the US, but not in Texas. We investigated the relationship between O3 and asthma HAs, and the potential impacts of outdoor pollen, respiratory infection HAs, and the start of the school year in Texas. Methods We obtained daily time-series data on asthma HAs and ambient O3 concentrations for Dallas, Houston, and Austin, Texas for the years 2003–2011. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of asthma HAs per 10-ppb increase in 8-h maximum O3 concentrations were estimated from Poisson generalized additive models and adjusted for temporal trends, meteorological factors, pollen, respiratory infection HAs, day of the week, and public holidays. We conducted a number of sensitivity analyses to assess model specification. Results We observed weak associations between total asthma HAs and O3 at lags of 1 day (RR10 ppb = 1.012, 95% CI: 1.004–1.021), 2 days (RR10 ppb = 1.011, 95% CI: 1.002–1.019), and 0–3 days (RR10 ppb = 1.017, 95% CI: 1.005–1.030). The associations were primarily observed in children aged 5–14 years (e.g., for O3 at lag 0–3 days, RR10 ppb = 1.037, 95% CI: 1.011–1.064), and null in individuals 15 years or older. The effect estimates did not change significantly with adjustment for pollen and respiratory infections, but they attenuated considerably and lost statistical significance when August and September data were excluded. A significant interaction between time around the start of the school year and O3 at lag 2 day was observed, with the associations with pediatric asthma HAs stronger in August and September (RR10 ppb = 1.040, 95% CI: 1.012–1.069) than in the rest of the year (October–July) (RR10 ppb = 1.006, 95% CI: 0.986–1.026). Conclusions We observed small but statistically significant positive associations between total and pediatric asthma HAs and short-term O3 exposure in Texas, especially in August and September. Further research is needed to determine how the start of school could modify the observed association between O3 and pediatric asthma HAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40733-017-0034-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Zu
- Gradient, 20 University Road, Cambridge, MA 02138 UK
| | | | - Ge Tao
- Gradient, 20 University Road, Cambridge, MA 02138 UK
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Gradient, 20 University Road, Cambridge, MA 02138 UK
| | - Sabine Lange
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, 12100 Park 35 Circle, Austin, TX USA
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13
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Ryan KM, Breaud AH, Eliseo L, Goto R, Mitchell P. Injuries and exposures among ocean safety providers: A review of workplace injuries and exposures from 2007-2012. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2017; 14:534-539. [PMID: 28426289 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2017.1302588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on workplace injuries and exposures in ocean safety personnel remains limited. Despite increasing beach attendance and reliance on lifeguards for protection, the most common types of injuries, equipment resulting in injuries, and environmental exposures remains unknown. This study reviewed OSHA 300 logs summarizing workers' compensation claims from 2007-2012 to identify common body parts injured, action at time of injury, equipment causing injury, and environmental exposures. A secondary phase consisted of a cross-sectional anonymous survey to determine demographics, body part injured, equipment causing injury, sun and environmental exposures, action at time of injury, and proportion of injuries reported to the department. During the 6-year period, 304 claims from the OSHA logs were reviewed, finding the lower extremity was most commonly injured with 2921 (31.9%) cumulative lost work days (104 reported injured, 34.2%) followed by the back with 1679 (18.4%) lost work days (39 reported injuries, 12.8%). Of the 304 occupational injury claims from OSHA logs, 108 incidents (35.5%) occurred during rescues, 87 (28.6%) during normal duties, and 31 (10.2%) during training. Of survey participants, 22/52 sustained an injury, with 14 filling a worker's compensation claim. The rescueboard resulted in 7/22 injuries (31.8%) while 17 (32.7%) of respondents sought care for a sun related concern with a mean of 9.3 days lost. Occupational injuries in ocean safety personnel are largely unknown. In this study, lower extremity and back injuries were the most common musculoskeletal injuries providers encountered. Rescues and moving equipment were common actions at the time of injury. With this preliminary information, jurisdictions may develop training directed at rescue techniques and safer options for moving heavy equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Ryan
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Boston Medical Center , Boston , Massachusetts
| | - Alan H Breaud
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Boston Medical Center , Boston , Massachusetts
| | - Laura Eliseo
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Boston Medical Center , Boston , Massachusetts
| | - Ralph Goto
- b City & County of Honolulu Ocean Safety and Lifeguard Services Division , Honolulu , Hawaii
| | - Patricia Mitchell
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Boston Medical Center , Boston , Massachusetts
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14
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Wood PR, Kampschmidt JC, Dube PH, Cagle MP, Chaparro P, Ketchum NS, Kannan TR, Singh H, Peters JI, Baseman JB, Brooks EG. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and health outcomes in children with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28634021 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) have been associated with worsening asthma in children. Mp can be present in the respiratory tract for extended periods; it is unknown whether the long-term persistence of Mp in the respiratory tract affects long-term asthma control. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of Mp on asthma control. METHODS We enrolled 31 pediatric subjects 3 to 10 years of age with persistent asthma who completed up to 8 visits over a 24-month period. We detected Mp by antigen capture and polymerase chain reaction. Primary outcome measurements included symptom scores, quality of life, medication scores, oral corticosteroid use, health care usage, school absences, and exhaled breath condensate pH. RESULTS Low levels of Mp community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin were detected in 20 subjects (64.5%) at enrollment. Subjects with Mp positivity at a given visit had a .579 probability of remaining Mp positive at the subsequent visit, whereas those with Mp negativity had a .348 probability of becoming Mp positive at the following visit. The incidence of Mp overall was higher in the spring and summer months. Overall, we found no significant relation between the detection of Mp and worse outcome measurements at the same visit or at subsequent visits. CONCLUSION The long-term persistence of Mp in the respiratory tract is common in children with asthma. However, the detection of Mp was not associated significantly with worse asthma symptoms, quality of life, health care usage, school absences, or exhaled breath condensate pH in this pediatric asthma cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
| | | | - Peter H Dube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Marianna P Cagle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Paola Chaparro
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Norma S Ketchum
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Thirumalai R Kannan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jay I Peters
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Joel B Baseman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Edward G Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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15
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Feng S, Gao D, Liao F, Zhou F, Wang X. The health effects of ambient PM2.5 and potential mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 128:67-74. [PMID: 26896893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of ambient PM2.5 on public health have become great concerns worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Epidemiological and toxicological studies have shown that PM2.5 does not only induce cardiopulmonary disorders and/or impairments, but also contributes to a variety of other adverse health effects, such as driving the initiation and progression of diabetes mellitus and eliciting adverse birth outcomes. Of note, recent findings have demonstrated that PM2.5 may still pose a hazard to public health even at very low levels (far below national standards) of exposure. The proposed underlying mechanisms whereby PM2.5 causes adverse effects to public health include inducing intracellular oxidative stress, mutagenicity/genotoxicity and inflammatory responses. The present review aims to provide an brief overview of new insights into the molecular mechanisms linking ambient PM2.5 exposure and health effects, which were explored with new technologies in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Feng
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Dan Gao
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Fen Liao
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Furong Zhou
- The School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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16
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ADAM-POUPART A, LABRÈCHE F, BUSQUE MA, BRAND A, DUGUAY P, FOURNIER M, ZAYED J, SMARGIASSI A. Association between outdoor ozone and compensated acute respiratory diseases among workers in Quebec (Canada). INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2015; 53:171-175. [PMID: 25736778 PMCID: PMC4380604 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory effects of ozone in the workplace have not been extensively studied. Our aim was to explore the relationship between daily average ozone levels and compensated acute respiratory problems among workers in Quebec between 2003 and 2010 using a time-stratified case-crossover design. Health data came from the Workers' Compensation Board. Daily concentrations of ozone were estimated using a spatiotemporal model. Conditional logistic regressions, with and without adjustment for temperature, were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs, per 1 ppb increase of ozone), and lag effects were assessed. Relationships with respiratory compensations in all industrial sectors were essentially null. Positive non-statistically significant associations were observed for outdoor sectors, and decreased after controlling for temperature (ORs of 0.98; 1.01 and 1.05 at Lags 0, 1 and 2 respectively). Considering the predicted increase of air pollutant concentrations in the context of climate change, closer investigation should be carried out on outdoor workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane ADAM-POUPART
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School
of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - France LABRÈCHE
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School
of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et Sécurité du
Travail (IRSST), Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine BUSQUE
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et Sécurité du
Travail (IRSST), Canada
| | - Allan BRAND
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ),
Canada
| | - Patrice DUGUAY
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et Sécurité du
Travail (IRSST), Canada
| | - Michel FOURNIER
- Direction de Santé Publique, Agence de la Santé et des
Services Sociaux de Montréal, Canada
| | - Joseph ZAYED
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School
of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et Sécurité du
Travail (IRSST), Canada
| | - Audrey SMARGIASSI
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School
of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Canada
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ),
Canada
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17
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Vinikoor-Imler LC, Owens EO, Nichols JL, Ross M, Brown JS, Sacks JD. Evaluating potential response-modifying factors for associations between ozone and health outcomes: a weight-of-evidence approach. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:1166-76. [PMID: 24927060 PMCID: PMC4216162 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to determine whether specific groups of the population or life stages are at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects using a weight-of-evidence approach. METHODS Epidemiologic, experimental, and exposure science studies of potential factors that may modify the relationship between O3 and health effects were identified in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2013 Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. Scientific evidence from studies that examined factors that may influence risk were integrated across disciplines to evaluate consistency, coherence, and biological plausibility of effects. The factors identified were then classified using a weight-of-evidence approach to conclude whether a specific factor modified the response of a population or life stage, resulting in an increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. DISCUSSION We found "adequate" evidence that populations with certain genotypes, preexisting asthma, or reduced intake of certain nutrients, as well as different life stages or outdoor workers, are at increased risk of O3-related health effects. In addition, we identified other factors (i.e., sex, socioeconomic status, and obesity) for which there was "suggestive" evidence that they may increase the risk of O3-related health effects. CONCLUSIONS Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we identified a diverse group of factors that should be considered when characterizing the overall risk of health effects associated with exposures to ambient O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Vinikoor-Imler
- National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Community-based interventions in asthma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 795:105-15. [PMID: 24162905 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8603-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Community and public health interventions provide potentially powerful means of decreasing morbidity, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and mortality from asthma. This chapter thus provides an overview of community-based interventions, which have been demonstrated to be effective-and/or ineffective-in reducing the burden of disease, including development of asthma coalitions, interventions for both provider and patient education, environmental controls to reduce exposure to asthma triggers, and institutional policy and systems change. Perhaps most important is the demonstrated effect of integrated, comprehensive approaches to asthma management and control. A multidisciplinary approach spanning T1 through T4 translational research, coupled with public health activities is promising and has already demonstrated success in reducing the burden of disease.
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Clougherty JE. A growing role for gender analysis in air pollution epidemiology. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2011; 16:2221-38. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232011000400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies of air pollution effects on respiratory health report significant modification by sex, although results are not uniform. Importantly, it remains unclear whether modifications are attributable to socially derived gendered exposures, to sex-linked physiological differences, or to some interplay thereof. Gender analysis, which aims to disaggregate social from biological differences between males and females, may help to elucidate these possible sources of effect modification. Studies of children suggest stronger effects among boys in early life and among girls in later childhood. The qualitative review describes possible sources of difference in air pollution response between women and men, which may vary by life stage, coexposures, hormonal status, or other factors. The sources of observed effect modifications remain unclear, although gender analytic approaches may help to disentangle gender and sex differences in pollution response. A framework for incorporating gender analysis into environmental epidemiology is offered, along with several potentially useful methods from gender analysis.
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20
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MARR LINSEYC, ELY MATTHEWR. Effect of Air Pollution on Marathon Running Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:585-91. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b84a85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Clougherty JE. A growing role for gender analysis in air pollution epidemiology. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:167-76. [PMID: 20123621 PMCID: PMC2831913 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic studies of air pollution effects on respiratory health report significant modification by sex, although results are not uniform. Importantly, it remains unclear whether modifications are attributable to socially derived gendered exposures, to sex-linked physiological differences, or to some interplay thereof. Gender analysis, which aims to disaggregate social from biological differences between males and females, may help to elucidate these possible sources of effect modification. DATA SOURCES AND DATA EXTRACTION A PubMed literature search was performed in July 2009, using the terms "respiratory" and any of "sex" or "gender" or "men and women" or "boys and girls" and either "PM2.5" (particulate matter <or= 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter) or "NO2" (nitrogen dioxide). I reviewed the identified studies, and others cited therein, to summarize current evidence of effect modification, with attention to authors' interpretation of observed differences. Owing to broad differences in exposure mixes, outcomes, and analytic techniques, with few studies examining any given combination thereof, meta-analysis was not deemed appropriate at this time. DATA SYNTHESIS More studies of adults report stronger effects among women, particularly for older persons or where using residential exposure assessment. Studies of children suggest stronger effects among boys in early life and among girls in later childhood. CONCLUSIONS The qualitative review describes possible sources of difference in air pollution response between women and men, which may vary by life stage, coexposures, hormonal status, or other factors. The sources of observed effect modifications remain unclear, although gender analytic approaches may help to disentangle gender and sex differences in pollution response. A framework for incorporating gender analysis into environmental epidemiology is offered, along with several potentially useful methods from gender analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Clougherty
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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