1
|
Presenteeism as a moral hazard problem: Implications for the human resource management. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2023.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Information asymmetry about the employee's state of health means that workers may decide to work (or not) when they are sick, which turns presenteeism into a principal-agent relationship. From this new perspective, presenteeism can be explained by some distinct and original factors such as implicit incentives related to motivation and a sense of autonomy (empowerment, job usefulness, and recognition) and explicit incentives given by wages and other non-economic benefits (training and career prospects). In a sample of European workers using multilevel (by country) Tobit models, we find that short-term incentives and workers' empowerment increase presenteeism, while long-term incentives reduce it. As expected, supervision is ineffective in controlling presenteeism, while relationships based on trust have a positive impact. Finally, we propose several practices related to incentives, training, monitoring, occupational health and safety and job design specifically intended to manage presenteeism and its consequences in six areas of the human resources function.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bohatko-Naismith J, McCormack L, Weerasekara I, James D, Marley J. Health screening questionnaires used in the management of mental distress acquired during an injured worker’s return to work: A scoping review. Work 2022; 72:75-90. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mental distress is often endured by injured workers participating in the rehabilitation or return to work process following a physical injury. Delays in detecting the onset and treating mental distress can lead to a diverse range of cognitive and behavioural changes that may precipitate psychological distress such as anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this scoping review was to provide an overview of existing health questionnaires utilised by health care providers and affiliated researchers. It reviewed their effectiveness and suitability to detect mental distress endured by injured workers engaged in the return to work process. METHODS: A scoping review methodology was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework which examined peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and March 2020 comprising health questionnaires. Database searches included Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO combining specific MeSH terms and key words. RESULTS: The full search identified 3168 articles. Following full screening a total of 164 articles reviewed the use of health questionnaires and specific criteria to determine their suitability. Most of the health questionnaires reviewed were used as screening measures for identifying both work and non-work-related psychological hazards. However, they were found to be limited in their application when considering all potential predictors of delayed return to work such as poor or stressful interactions with stakeholders, financial stress and the injured workers experience of the RTW process. CONCLUSION: Earlier identification of mental distress using an optimal MHSQ followed by appropriate intervention will reduce the risk of psychological injury becoming cumulative on a physical workplace injury. Without such complications, early return to work can be achieved with significant cost saving to the economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bohatko-Naismith
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Lynne McCormack
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ishanka Weerasekara
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Daphne James
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Marley
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
van der Burg L, Sepriano A, Landewé R, Geuskens G, Ottenheijm R, Dinant GJ, Boonen A. Comparative construct validity of three presenteeism instruments in workers with musculoskeletal complaints: a prospective cohort study. RMD Open 2021; 6:rmdopen-2020-001281. [PMID: 32868452 PMCID: PMC7507893 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the construct validity of three presenteeism instruments, using health and economic outcomes as external references, among working persons reporting musculoskeletal complaints. METHODS Data from the prospective Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability and Motivation were used. Presenteeism measurement comprised a global rating of work-ability, and two instruments indicating at-work productivity, and was assessed yearly over 6 years of follow-up. Longitudinal associations between measures of health and subsequent presenteeism, and between presenteeism and subsequent days of sick leave were assessed using generalised estimating equation models. The effect of groups of contextual factors (socio-demographic, lifestyle, personal and work-related factors) was investigated by assessing the change in explained variability. RESULTS In total, 4523 persons were analysed. The association between physical health and work-ability was stronger than both at-work productivity measures; 10 points increase in physical health (0-100, higher is better) was associated with 0.79 points (95% CI 0.75 to 0.84) better work-ability (0-10, higher is better) in the subsequent year. Besides, work-ability best predicted sick leave; one point higher work-ability was associated with 4 days less sick leave (95% CI -5.09 to -3.63) the subsequent year. Personal factors improved model fit for models on health and work-ability, but conflicting results were seen for both at-work productivity instruments. CONCLUSION Work-ability showed higher construct validity against health and economic outcomes as compared to at-work productivity, which shows that work-ability is different to productivity (losses). Personal factors are especially relevant when interpreting the relation between health and work-ability or self-reported quantity of work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart van der Burg
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+) and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Sepriano
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.,NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert Landewé
- Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Goedele Geuskens
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Ottenheijm
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Dinant
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Boonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+) and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van Hees SGM, Carlier BE, Blonk RWB, Oomens S. Understanding work participation among employees with common mental disorders: What works, for whom, under what circumstances and how? A systematic realist review protocol. Work 2021; 69:827-838. [PMID: 34180455 PMCID: PMC8385521 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Work participation among employees with common mental disorders (CMDs) is an increasingly important, yet highly complex phenomenon. Given the call for preventing instead of reacting to negative work outcomes, there is a need to understand how employees with CMDs can continue working. OBJECTIVES: 1) to provide insights in applying a realist approach to the literature review process and 2) to present a way to develop an explanatory framework on work participation, the related causal mechanisms and the interaction with the work context. METHODS: A systematic realist literature review, using stay at work (SAW) and work performance (WP) as outcomes of work participation. This protocol paper explains the rationale, tools and procedures developed and used for identification, selection, appraisal and synthesis of included studies. RESULTS: The review process entailed six steps to develop so called ‘middle range program theories’. Each step followed a systematic, iterative procedure using context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting a realist review adds on the understanding to promote work participation, by examining the heterogeneity and complexity of intervention- and observational studies. This paper facilitates other researchers within the field of occupational health by demonstrating ways to develop a framework on work participation using realist synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne G M van Hees
- Occupation and health research group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Bouwine E Carlier
- Occupation and health research group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland W B Blonk
- Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.,Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shirley Oomens
- Occupation and health research group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc, Department of Primary and Community Care, School of Occupational Health, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lohaus D, Habermann W, El Kertoubi I, Röser F. Working While Ill Is Not Always Bad-Positive Effects of Presenteeism. Front Psychol 2021; 11:620918. [PMID: 33551933 PMCID: PMC7862752 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenteeism-going to work while ill-is a widespread phenomenon worldwide. Previous research has concentrated mainly on its negative effects. This study investigates the positive consequences of presenteeism derived from a comprehensive content model of presenteeism that was developed on the basis of negative effects. In a quantitative online-survey employees (N = 181) rated the degree of experienced or potential positive effects depending on whether they had worked while ill (75%) or not (25%) during the previous year. Results revealed that all postulated positive effects described in the content model were relevant. Most positive effects were rated significantly higher by participants who had shown presenteeism in comparison to those who had not. The positive effects significantly predicted presenteeism propensity (adjusted R 2 = 0.20) for participants having shown presenteeism. In addition, an overall rating of positive effects was significantly related to presenteeism, however, to a lesser degree. Overall, the results demonstrate the applicability of the content model to positive effects of presenteeism. They point to the need for further investigation of them and their consideration for the management of presenteeism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lohaus
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Isam El Kertoubi
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Röser
- Business Psychology Institute, Social Sciences Faculty, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Crawford JO, Berkovic D, Erwin J, Copsey SM, Davis A, Giagloglou E, Yazdani A, Hartvigsen J, Graveling R, Woolf A. Musculoskeletal health in the workplace. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2020; 34:101558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
7
|
Ruhle SA, Breitsohl H, Aboagye E, Baba V, Biron C, Correia Leal C, Dietz C, Ferreira AI, Gerich J, Johns G, Karanika-Murray M, Lohaus D, Løkke A, Lopes SL, Martinez LF, Miraglia M, Muschalla B, Poethke U, Sarwat N, Schade H, Steidelmüller C, Vinberg S, Whysall Z, Yang T. “To work, or not to work, that is the question” – Recent trends and avenues for research on presenteeism. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2019.1704734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Ruhle
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H. Breitsohl
- Human Resources, Leadership, and Organization, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - E. Aboagye
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V. Baba
- DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C. Biron
- Department of Management, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - C. Correia Leal
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. Dietz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A. I. Ferreira
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Gerich
- Institute for Sociology, Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - G. Johns
- John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - D. Lohaus
- Department of Business Psychology, University of Applied SciencesDarmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A. Løkke
- Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S. L. Lopes
- Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L. F. Martinez
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Carcavelos, Portugal
| | - M. Miraglia
- University of Liverpool Management School, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B. Muschalla
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - U. Poethke
- Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N. Sarwat
- Institute of Management Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - H. Schade
- Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - C. Steidelmüller
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S. Vinberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Z. Whysall
- Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - T. Yang
- Faculty of Organization and Human Resource, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Soo Hoo ER. Evaluating Return-to-work Ability Using Functional Capacity Evaluation. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2019; 30:541-559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
9
|
Kinman G. Sickness presenteeism at work: prevalence, costs and management. Br Med Bull 2019; 129:69-78. [PMID: 30649219 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Presenteeism is defined as continuing to attend work during illness. As a growing health concern, awareness of the factors that encourage presenteeism and the risks of this behaviour is needed. SOURCES OF DATA A narrative review of research obtained via several databases, including Medline and Psycinfo, was conducted. AREAS OF AGREEMENT A range of contextual and individual factors is associated with presenteeism. Workers in some sectors, such as healthcare, appear to be at greater risk. Presenteeism may facilitate rehabilitation and recovery but it can exacerbate existing health problems and increase the risk of subsequent illness and absence as well as impair workability. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The incidence of sickness presenteeism is rising, alongside reductions in absenteeism. The growing awareness of the costs of presenteeism, especially in safety-critical environments, suggests that it should be considered a risk-taking behaviour and carefully measured and managed. GROWING POINTS AND AREAS FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Measuring presenteeism as well as absenteeism will provide more accurate information about employee health. Raising awareness of the risks of working while sick and the economic, moral, cultural and social pressures on employees to do so appears crucial. Systemic interventions to manage presenteeism based on research evidence are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Kinman
- School of Psychology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, Bedfordshire, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rostad IS, Tvedt SD, Sendén MG, Løvseth LT. Physicians’ Mental Health and Nationality Affect how Work Characteristics Influence Presenteeism. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.16993/sjwop.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
11
|
Cochrane A, Higgins NM, Rothwell C, Ashton J, Breen R, Corcoran O, FitzGerald O, Gallagher P, Desmond D. Work Outcomes in Patients Who Stay at Work Despite Musculoskeletal Pain. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018; 28:559-567. [PMID: 29236203 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To assess self-reported work impacts and associations between psychosocial risk factors and work impairment amongst workers seeking care for musculoskeletal pain while continuing to work. Methods Patients were recruited from Musculoskeletal Assessment Clinics at 5 hospitals across Ireland. Participants completed questionnaires including assessments of work impairment (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire), work ability (single item from the Work Ability Index) and work performance (Work Role Functioning Questionnaire; WRFQ). Logistic and hierarchical regressions were conducted to analyse the relation between psychosocial variables and work outcomes. Results 155 participants (53.5% female; mean age = 46.50 years) who were working at the time of assessment completed the questionnaires. Absenteeism was low, yet 62.6% were classified as functioning poorly according to the WRFQ; 52.3% reported having poor work ability. Logistic regression analyses indicated that higher work role functioning was associated with higher pain self-efficacy (OR 1.51); better work ability was associated with older age (OR 1.063) and lower functional restriction (OR 0.93); greater absenteeism was associated with lower pain self-efficacy (OR 0.65) and poorer work expectancy (OR 1.18). Multiple regression analysis indicated that greater presenteeism was associated with higher pain intensity (β = 0.259) and lower pain self-efficacy (β = - 0.385). Conclusions While individuals continue to work with musculoskeletal pain, their work performance can be adversely affected. Interventions that target mutable factors, such as pain self-efficacy, may help reduce the likelihood of work impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Cochrane
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Co Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Niamh M Higgins
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Conor Rothwell
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Roisin Breen
- Royal College of Physicians in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oriel Corcoran
- Rheumatology Services, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Oliver FitzGerald
- School of Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Pamela Gallagher
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Desmond
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Co Kildare, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Monzani L, Zurriaga R, Espí López GV. Anxiety and the severity of Tension-Type Headache mediate the relation between headache presenteeism and workers' productivity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201189. [PMID: 30024973 PMCID: PMC6053225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to explore the mechanisms and conditions whereby Tension-Type Headache (TTH) presenteeism relates to health-related loss of productivity as a result of both reduced physical and mental health. To this end, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to conduct a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial involving 78 Tension-type Headache (TTH) patients. The results showed that TTH presenteeism did not directly relate to health-related loss of productivity, either due to physical, or mental health problems. However, through anxiety-state, TTH presenteeism decreased patients' productivity, as consequence of reduced physical and mental health. Moreover, by increasing the severity of the Tension-Type Headache, TTH presenteeism indirectly decreased patients' productivity as consequence of reduced physical health (but not mental health). Finally, our results show that such indirect effects only occur when the cause of TTH is non-mechanical (e.g., hormonal causes, etc.). Our work provides an integrative model that can inform organizational behaviorists and health professionals (e.g., physiotherapists). Implications for organizational health are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Monzani
- Ivey Business School at Western University, London, Canada
- University Research Institute of Human Resources Psychology, Organizational Development and Quality of Work Life (IDOCAL), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosario Zurriaga
- University Research Institute of Human Resources Psychology, Organizational Development and Quality of Work Life (IDOCAL), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Whysall Z, Bowden J, Hewitt M. Sickness presenteeism: measurement and management challenges. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:341-354. [PMID: 28791918 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1365949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since work can be restorative to health, attending work when unwell should not be viewed as an inherently negative phenomenon. However, the functional benefits are likely to depend on the health condition, and the psychosocial quality of the work provided. The current study used a workforce survey to explore differences in the pattern of presenteeism and absenteeism by health condition, the association of psychosocial work factors with presenteeism compared to absenteeism, and their interaction to predict health. Findings indicate that instead of substituting absenteeism for presenteeism, the two tend to coincide, but the balance differs by health condition. Presenteeism is more likely to occur in poorer psychosocial environments, reinforcing the importance of ensuring work is designed and managed in ways that are beneficial rather than detrimental to health. The findings also highlight the methodological importance of differentiating between the act and impact of presenteeism in future research and practice. Practitioner Summary: Effective management of work-related health requires that practitioners manage both sickness absence and presence together, since employees tend to fluctuate between the two when unwell. Interventions should be tailored to the specific health concern, paying particular attention to the psychosocial environment in enabling employees to continue working without exacerbating health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zara Whysall
- a Nottingham Business School , Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham , UK
| | - James Bowden
- b COPE Occupational Health and Ergonomic Services Ltd, Arnold Business Centre , Nottingham , UK
| | - Michael Hewitt
- a Nottingham Business School , Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham , UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dietz C, Scheel T. Leadership and Presenteeism among Scientific Staff: The Role of Accumulation of Work and Time Pressure. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1885. [PMID: 29123497 PMCID: PMC5662894 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examines the joint roles of leadership and stressors for presenteeism of scientific staff. Leaders may have an impact on employees' health, both directly through interpersonal interactions and by shaping their working conditions. In the field of science, this impact could be special because of the mentoring relationships between the employees (e.g., PhD students) and their supervisors (e.g., professors). Based on the job demands-resources framework (JD-R), we hypothesized that the pressure to be present at the workplace induced by supervisors (supervisorial pressure) is directly related to employees' presenteeism as well as indirectly via perceptions of time pressure. The conservation of resources theory (COR) states that resource loss resulting from having to deal with job demands weakens the resource pool and therefore the capacity to deal with other job demands. Thus, we hypothesized that accumulation of work moderates the relationship between supervisorial pressure and time pressure, such that the relationship is stronger when accumulation of work is high compared to if accumulation of work is low. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 212 PhD students and postdocs of 30 scientific institutions in Germany. Analysis was performed using the SPSS macro PROCESS (Hayes, 2013). Supervisorial pressure was directly associated with higher presenteeism of employees and indirectly through increased time pressure. Moreover, supervisorial pressure and accumulation of work interacted to predict time pressure, but in an unexpected way. The positive relationship between supervisorial pressure and time pressure is stronger when accumulation is low compared to if accumulation of work is high. It seems possible that job stressors do not accumulate but substitute each other. Threshold models might explain the findings. Moreover, specific patterns of interacting job demands for scientific staff should be considered in absence management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Dietz
- Chair of Work and Organisational Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tabea Scheel
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Flensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fore L, Perez Y, Neblett R, Asih S, Mayer TG, Gatchel RJ. Improved Functional Capacity Evaluation Performance Predicts Successful Return to Work One Year After Completing a Functional Restoration Rehabilitation Program. PM R 2014; 7:365-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fore
- PRIDE Research Foundation, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | - Sali Asih
- PRIDE Research Foundation, Dallas, TX
| | - Tom G. Mayer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5701 Maple Ave. #100, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Robert J. Gatchel
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Promoting successful diabetes management in the workplace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-11-2010-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
17
|
de Vries HJ, Reneman MF, Groothoff JW, Geertzen JHB, Brouwer S. Workers who stay at work despite chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain: do they differ from workers with sick leave? JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2012; 22:489-502. [PMID: 22454300 PMCID: PMC3484275 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-012-9360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most workers with chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain (CMP) do not take sick leave, nor consult a health care professional or search vocational rehabilitation. Yet, the knowledge of many researchers, clinicians and policy makers is largely based on people with CMP who discontinue work. The aim of this study was to explore characteristics of workers who stay at work despite CMP, and to compare these with sick-listed workers with CMP following vocational rehabilitation. METHODS The clinical characteristics of workers who stay at work despite CMP (n = 119) and sick-listed workers who follow vocational rehabilitation (n = 122) were described and the differences between these groups were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess differences between the groups and to determine which variables predicted group status. RESULTS Workers who stayed at work despite CMP reported significantly lower levels of fear avoidance (OR = 0.94), pain catastrophizing (OR = 0.93), perceived workload (OR = 0.93), and higher pain acceptance (OR = 1.11), life control (OR = 1.62) and pain self-efficacy (OR = 1.09) compared to sick-listed workers following rehabilitation, even after controlling for confounders. The groups did not differ on physical activity level, active coping and work satisfaction. Group status was predicted best by pain intensity, duration of pain, pain acceptance, perceived workload, mental health, and psychological distress (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.87-0.95). CONCLUSIONS A wide range of characteristics of workers who stay at work despite CMP were explored. Relevant differences from sick-listed workers with CMP were observed in all domains of the bio-psycho-social model. Six main predictors were identified that best discriminate between both groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitze J de Vries
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.002, 9750 RA, Haren, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Widespread pain and medically certified disability pension in the
H
ordaland
H
ealth
S
tudy. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:611-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Brede E, Mayer TG, Gatchel RJ. Prediction of Failure to Retain Work 1 Year After Interdisciplinary Functional Restoration in Occupational Injuries. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 93:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
de Vries HJ, Reneman MF, Groothoff JW, Geertzen JHB, Brouwer S. Factors promoting staying at work in people with chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2011; 34:443-58. [PMID: 22035099 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2011.607551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify determinants for staying at work (SAW) in workers with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). METHOD A systematic review of factors that promote SAW in workers with CMP. We searched the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library. We included studies reporting on working subjects without present CMP-related sick leave. A quality assessment of GRADE criteria and evidence synthesis was performed. RESULTS We identified five cross-sectional studies and two qualitative studies reporting on factors associated with SAW in workers with CMP. Consistent association with SAW was found for low perceived physical disability and low emotional distress (low-level evidence). Duration of pain, catastrophizing, self-esteem and marital status were not associated with SAW (low-level evidence). Qualitative studies indicated that personal adjustments and workplace interventions are important determinants for SAW (evidence not graded). CONCLUSIONS No high-level evidence for SAW determinants for workers with CMP was identified. Future interventions aimed at promoting SAW could consider reducing perceived physical disability and emotional distress, and promoting adjustment latitude at work, support from supervisors, and the workers' motivation and self-management skills. Further research is required because knowledge of SAW in workers with CMP is scarce, and the relevance of the subject is high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitze J de Vries
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Factors that affect the occurrence and chronicity of occupation-related musculoskeletal disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2011; 25:103-15. [PMID: 21663853 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The components that affect the occurrence and chronicity of musculoskeletal disease are multifactorial. The return to work process and prevention of future chronic disability commences at the time of the initial assessment. The clinician can identify, at an early stage, patients with negative expectations of return to work and adopt a care plan oriented to functional adaptation. Medical and psychosocial treatment plans taking account of coping preferences, beliefs and practices are more likely to help prevent chronic disability. Other factors that can influence the long-term disability rate include medically discretionary or unnecessary time off work and litigation itself. Workplace factors can result in unnecessary absenteeism and poorly managed presenteeism.
Collapse
|
23
|
The Shell Disability Management Program: a five-year evaluation of the impact on absenteeism and return-on-investment. J Occup Environ Med 2010; 52:544-50. [PMID: 20431409 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181dbc8c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of the Shell Disability Management Program (DMP) on U.S. manufacturing employee absenteeism. METHODS We estimated absence episodes and days lost per employee from 2004 to 2008 compared to pre-program values in 2002, and productivity gains from transitional duty (TD). RESULTS Between 2002 and 2008, absence episodes/100 employees decreased from 37.4 to 25.7 among hourly workers but increased from 9.7 to 13.1 among staff employees. Days lost per employee decreased from 7.4 to 5.2 for hourly employees and were virtually unchanged for staff employees. TD resulted in 6042 days saved in 2006 and 11,438 days in 2008, with direct cost savings of more than $4.1 million from 2006 to 2008. CONCLUSIONS The Shell DMP emphasizes absence tracking, timely return-to-work, and facilitation of TD. Absenteeism decreased significantly after DMP implementation, particularly among hourly employees, with an estimated 2.4:1 return-on-investment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ratzon N, Futeran R, Isakov E. Identifying Predictors of Function in People with Diabetes Living in the Community. Br J Occup Ther 2010. [DOI: 10.4276/030802210x12759925469023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) may cause sensory and motor changes and may affect the general function and hand function of diabetic patients. Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the predictors of function in diabetic patients. Method: Fifty people with diabetes underwent a battery of hand function tests, including dexterity, strength and sensation, and filled in questionnaires that assessed the severity of the diabetes, their functional status, their work ability and their own appraisal of their diabetes. Results: The hand strength and dexterity of this group were much lower than that of the average population, 30.53% were dependent in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and 60% of the group did not work. The regression analysis showed that a participant's own appraisal of his or her diabetes, tip pinch strength, the dexterity of the hands and biodemographic variables predicted IADL and work participation. Conclusion: The tests that are commonly used in occupational therapy departments to measure strength and dexterity are well standardised. They are inexpensive and not invasive and, therefore, they could be used to identify IADL and work participation problems in this population. Early identification of dysfunction could enable diabetic patients to benefit from support and prevent further problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalyn Futeran
- Loewenstein Hospital Rehabilitation Centre, Ra'anana, Israel
| | - Eli Isakov
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Loewenstein Hospital Rehabilitation Centre, Ra'anana, Israel
| |
Collapse
|