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Ergün R, Ergün D, Özkan E, Kurt OK, Bacanli M, Körez MK. Can Serum Chitotriosidase Levels, Immune, and Oxidative Stress Parameters Be Early Diagnostic Indicators in Patients With Silicosis? J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e752-e758. [PMID: 37733997 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the enzyme activity of chitotriosidase as a biomarker in early diagnosis silicosis and to investigate immune system response and oxidative stress caused by silica exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Silicosis patients (n = 116), exposed to silica without disease (n = 76), and healthy individuals (n = 55) were included. Serum levels of chitotriosidase, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidant-antioxidant, and immune parameters were measured. RESULTS Serum chitotriosidase enzyme levels in the silicosis group were statistically significantly higher than the exposure and control groups. Inflammatory biomarkers and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the silicosis and exposure group compared with the controls, while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were lower. CONCLUSIONS Increased serum chitotriosidase level emerged as a biomarker that can not only distinguish silicosis from exposure and healthy controls but also indicate early pulmonary effects of silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recai Ergün
- From the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey (R.E., D.E.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (E.Ö.); Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Occupational Medicine, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (O.K.K.); Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey (M.B.); and Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey (M.K.K.)
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2
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Vinnikov D, Romanova Z, Raushanova A, Beisbekova A, Vitale E, Bimuratova G, Rapisarda V. Exposure to Respirable Particulate Matter and Its Association with Respiratory Outcomes in Beauty Salon Personnel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032429. [PMID: 36767795 PMCID: PMC9915914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess exposure to respirable particulate matter (PM) of beauty salon personnel, identify its determinants and ascertain the associated respiratory effects. We collected 122 full-day respirable PM samples from 12 beauty salons (floor area ranging from 24 to 550 m3, staff from 4 to 8) in Almaty, Kazakhstan, taking 10 samples from each place using a portable SidePak AM520 monitor. We also assessed lifestyle (smoking, etc.), respiratory symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQL) of the personnel using questionnaires. Out of 11,831 5-min data points, daily median respirable PM concentrations were highly variable and ranged from 0.013 to 0.666 mg/m3 with 8.5-times difference in the median concentrations between the venue with the highest median (0.29 mg/m3) and the least median (0.034 mg/m3). In a multivariate linear regression modelling, ambient PM2.5 concentration was the strongest predictor of daily median respirable PM concentration (beta 2.12; 95% CI 1.89; 2.39), and R2 of the model was 0.63. We also found a positive association of the median respirable PM with respiratory symptoms and seasonal allergy, but not with HRQL. Short-term respirable PM levels in the beauty salons may be very high, but the median concentrations are mainly determined by the ambient air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vinnikov
- Environmental Health Laboratory, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Occupational Health Risks Laboratory, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-705-2068036
| | - Zhanna Romanova
- Environmental Health Laboratory, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizhan Raushanova
- Environmental Health Laboratory, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Arailym Beisbekova
- Environmental Health Laboratory, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Department of Nutrition, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Gulnar Bimuratova
- City Polyclinic #7 of the Public Health Department of Almaty, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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3
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Căluțu IM, Smărăndescu RA, Rașcu A. Biomonitoring Exposure and Early Diagnosis in Silicosis: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010100. [PMID: 36672608 PMCID: PMC9855648 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a particular form of lung fibrosis attributable to occupational exposure to crystalline silica. The occupational exposure to crystalline silica also increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer and lung infections, especially pulmonary tuberculosis. Silicosis is currently diagnosed in previously exposed workers by standard chest X-ray, when lesions are visible and irreversible. Therefore, it would be necessary to find specific and non-invasive markers that could detect silicosis in earlier stages, before the occurrence of X-ray opacities. In this narrative review, we present several diagnostic, monitoring and predictive biomarkers with high potential in the management of silicosis, such as: pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF (Tumour necrosis factor-α), IL-1 (Interleukin-1), IL-6, IL-10), CC16 (Clara cell 16, an indirect marker of epithelial cell destruction), KL-6 (Krebs von den Lungen 6, an indirect marker of alveolar epithelial damage), neopterin (indicator of cellular immunity) and MUC5B gene (Mucin 5B, a gel-forming mucin in mucus). Studies have shown that all the aforementioned markers have a high potential for early diagnosis or evaluation of progression in silicosis and represent promising alternatives to radiology. We consider that a multicentric study is needed to evaluate these biomarkers in correlation with occupational history, histopathological examination, imaging signs and pulmonary functions tests on large groups of subjects to better evaluate the accuracy of the presented biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia-Maria Căluțu
- Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca-Andreea Smărăndescu
- Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Agripina Rașcu
- Clinical Department 5, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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Peruzzi CP, Brucker N, Bubols G, Cestonaro L, Moreira R, Domingues D, Arbo M, Olivo Neto P, Knorst MM, Garcia SC. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and peripheral biomarkers: An update. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:87-102. [PMID: 34128557 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral biomarkers are important tools for detecting occupational exposures to prevent the onset and/or progression of diseases. Studies that reveal early peripheral biomarkers are highly important to preserve the health of workers and can potentially contribute to diagnosing and/or prognosing occupational pathologies. Exposure to crystalline silica is a problem in several workplaces because it increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis, clinically defined as silicosis. Silicosis is diagnosed by chest radiography and/or lung tomography in advanced stages when there is a severe loss of lung function. Peripheral biomarkers can help in diagnosing early changes prior to silicosis and represent a highly important technical-scientific advance that is minimally invasive. This review aimed to investigate the biomarkers studied for evaluating occupational exposure to crystalline silica and to understand the recent advances in this area. Potential oxidative, inflammatory, and immunological biomarkers were reviewed, as well as routine biomarkers such as biochemical parameters. It was found that biomarkers of effect such as serum CC16 and l-selectin levels could represent promising alternatives. Additionally, studies have shown that neopterin levels in urine and serum can be used to monitor worker exposure. However, further studies are needed that include a greater number of participants, different times of exposure to crystalline silica, and a combination of silicosis patients and healthy volunteers. Evaluating the concentration of crystalline silica in occupational environments, its impact on biomarkers of effect, and alterations in lung function could contribute to revealing early health alterations in workers in a more robust manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Portela Peruzzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natália Brucker
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bubols
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cestonaro
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Moreira
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daiane Domingues
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Arbo
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Olivo Neto
- Graduate Program in Pneumological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marli Maria Knorst
- Graduate Program in Pneumological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Division of Pulmonology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Xie Y, Ma J, Yang M, Fan L, Chen W. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway and silicosis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:487-494. [PMID: 34141162 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a scarring lung disease caused by inhaling fine particles of crystalline silica in the workplace of many industries. Due to the lack of effective treatment and management, the continued high incidence of silicosis remains a major public health concern worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Till now, related molecular mechanisms underlying silicosis are still not completely understood. Multiple pathways have been reported to be participated in the pathological process of silicosis, and more complex signaling pathways are receiving attention. The activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway has been recognized to control some functions in the cell. Recent studies have identified that the ERK signaling pathway contributes to the formation and development of silicosis through regulating the processes of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, autophagy, and apoptosis of cells. In this review article, we summarize the latest findings on the role of ERK signaling pathway in silica-induced experimental models of silicosis, as well as clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xie
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lieyang Fan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Mielke S, Taeger D, Weitmann K, Brüning T, Hoffmann W. Influence of quartz exposure on lung cancer types in cases of lymph node-only silicosis and lung silicosis in German uranium miners. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 73:140-153. [PMID: 28443719 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2017.1322933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled crystalline quartz is a carcinogen. Analyses show differences in the distribution of lung cancer types depending on the status of silicosis. Using 2,524 lung tumor cases from the WISMUT autopsy repository database, silicosis was differentiated into cases without silicosis in lung parenchyma and its lymph nodes, with lymph node-only silicosis, or with lung silicosis including lymph node silicosis. The proportions of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small-cell lung carcinoma mortality for increasing quartz exposures were estimated in a multinomial logistic regression model. The relative proportions of the lung cancer subtypes in lymph node-only silicosis were more similar to lung silicosis than without any silicosis. The results support the hypothesis that quartz-related carcinogenesis in case of lymph node-only silicosis is more similar to that in lung silicosis than in without silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mielke
- a Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Dirk Taeger
- b Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Kerstin Weitmann
- a Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- b Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- a Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
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Laitinen J, Koponen H, Sippula O, Korpijärvi K, Jumpponen M, Laitinen S, Aatamila M, Tissari J, Karhunen T, Ojanen K, Jokiniemi J, Korpinen L. Peak exposures to main components of ash and gaseous diesel exhausts in closed and open ash loading stations at biomass-fuelled power plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:183-191. [PMID: 28697424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fly and bottom ashes are collected at power plants to reduce the environmental effects of energy production. However, handling the ashes causes health problems for operators, maintenance workers and truck drivers at the power plants. Hence, we evaluated ash loaders' peak inhalation exposures to the chemical components of ash and diesel exhausts in open and closed ash loading stations at biomass-fuelled combined heat and power plants. We also carried out chemical and morphological analyses of the ashes to evaluate their health hazard potential in order to find practical technical measures to reduce workers' exposure. On the basis of X-ray diffraction analyses, the main respirable crystalline ash compounds were SiO2, CaSO4, CaO, Ca2Al2SiO7, NaCl and Ca3Al2O6 in the fly ashes and SiO2, KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8 and Ca2Al2SiO7 in the bottom ashes. The short-term exposure levels of respirable crystalline silica, inhalable inorganic dust, Cr, Mn, Ni and nitric oxide exceeded their Finnish eight hours occupational exposure limit values in the closed ash loading station. According to our observations, more attention should be paid to the ash-moistening process, the use of tank trucks instead of open cassette flatbed trucks, and the sealing of the loading line from the silo to the truck which would prevent spreading the ash into the air. The idling time of diesel trucks should also be limited, and ash loading stations should be equipped with exhaust gas ventilators. If working conditions make it impossible to keep to the OEL values, workers must use respirators and protect their eyes and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 310, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Hanna Koponen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Sippula
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Korpijärvi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1603, FI-40101 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mika Jumpponen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 310, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 310, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjaleena Aatamila
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 310, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Tissari
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Karhunen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kari Ojanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 310, FI-70101 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Korpinen
- The Clinical Physiology and Neurophysiology Unit, The North Karelia Central Hospital and Honkalampi Centre, Tikkamäentie 16, FIN-80210 Joensuu, Finland
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Anlar HG, Bacanli M, İritaş S, Bal C, Kurt T, Tutkun E, Hinc Yilmaz O, Basaran N. Effects of Occupational Silica Exposure on OXIDATIVE Stress and Immune System Parameters in Ceramic Workers in TURKEY. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:688-696. [PMID: 28524802 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1286923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silica is the second most common element after oxygen, and therefore, exposures to crystalline silica dust occur in a large variety of occupations such as metal foundries, constructions, and ceramic, quarry, and pottery industries. Since crystalline silica exposure has been linked with silicosis, lung cancer, and other pulmonary diseases, adverse effect attributed to this element has be a cause for concern worldwide. Silica dust exposure in workers is still considered to be important health problem especially in developing countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of occupational silica exposure on oxidative stress parameters including the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and levels of total glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) as well as immune system parameters such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in Turkish ceramic workers. In this study, nearly 50% of Turkish ceramic workers were diagnosed with silicosis. Eighty-four percent of these silicotic workers were found to present with profusion category 1 silicosis, whereas controls (n = 81) all displayed normal chest radiographs. Data demonstrated a significant decrease in levels of GSH and activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx, but a significant increase in MDA levels and activity of GR in all workers. Further, workers possessed significantly higher levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. These observations suggest that ceramic workers may have impaired antioxidant/oxidant status and activated immune system indicative of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Gul Anlar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University , Adana , Turkey
| | - Merve Bacanli
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Servet İritaş
- c The Council of Forensic Medicine , Branch Office of Ankara , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ceylan Bal
- d Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine , Department of Medical Biochemistry , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Türker Kurt
- e Faculty of Education , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Engin Tutkun
- f Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health , Bozok University , Yozgat , Turkey
| | - O Hinc Yilmaz
- g Ankara Occupational Diseases Hospital Department of Toxiocology Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nursen Basaran
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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9
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Potentials of the elevated circulating miR-185 level as a biomarker for early diagnosis of HBV-related liver fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34157. [PMID: 27677421 PMCID: PMC5039723 DOI: 10.1038/srep34157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of liver fibrosis is critical for early intervention and prognosis of various chronic liver diseases. Conventional repeated histological assessment is impractical due to the associated invasiveness. In the current study, we evaluated circulating miR-185 as a potential biomarker to predict initiation and progression of liver fibrosis. We found that miR-185 was significantly up-regulated in blood specimens from patients with HBV-liver fibrosis and rats with liver fibrosis, the miR-185 levels were correlated with liver fibrosis progression, but not with the different viral loads in HBV-infected patients. miR-185 was observed in collagen deposition regions during advanced liver fibrosis. We found that differences in miR-185 levels facilitated the discrimination between early-staged or advanced-staged liver fibrosis and the healthy controls with high specificity, sensitivity, and likelihood ratio using receiver-operator characteristic analysis. miR-185 targeted SREBF1, and increased expression of COL1A1 and a-SMA genes that are hallmarks of liver fibrosis. Our data supported that circulating miR-185 levels could be used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of liver fibrosis.
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10
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Liu SJ, Wang P, Jiao J, Han L, Lu YM. Differential gene expression associated with inflammation in peripheral blood cells of patients with pneumoconiosis. J Occup Health 2016; 58:373-80. [PMID: 27265534 PMCID: PMC5356945 DOI: 10.1539/joh.16-0021-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study expression changes in inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood of patients with pneumoconiosis and to explore the possibility of these genes as pneumoconiosis biomarkers. Methods: Peripheral blood samples of patients with pneumoconiosis patients and controls were collected, and total RNA of the blood cells were extracted and reverse transcribed to cDNA. Screenings of deferentially expressed genes associated with inflammation between patients with pneumoconiosis and controls were performed using real-time quantitative PCR array and the expressions of the three most upregulated genes were confirmed by real-time PCR. Results: The expression of 11 genes was significantly altered in patients with pneumoconiosis compared with those of the control. Among these 11 genes, 8 genes were upregulated and 3 were downregulated. Preliminary results indicated that interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in patients with pneumoconiosis was higher than that in controls (P=0.019). The level of IL6 mRNA expression in the patients was higher than that in non-smoking controls, but it was neither affected by type and stage of pneumoconiosis nor by time of contact with dust. Conclusions: IL6 was possibly involved in the development of pneumoconiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
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11
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Garcimartín A, Merino JJ, Santos-López JA, López-Oliva ME, González MP, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Benedí J. Silicon as neuroprotector or neurotoxic in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 135:217-224. [PMID: 25957141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a trace element that has been considered to be an environmental contaminant for many years, although different studies have recently reported it is an essential element for living cells. The present study tested the ability of different concentrations of Si G57™ to induce neuroprotection or neurotoxicity over 24 h in the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. Cell viability, cellular proliferation, LDH release, ROS, antioxidant capacity, TBARS, caspase-3, -8 and -9, DNA fragmentation, and TNF-α levels were evaluated. Low Si doses (50-250 ng mL(-1)) increased the cell viability and reduced caspase-3 and -8 activities and TNF-α level. The increase in cell viability was independent of any proliferative effect as there was no variation in cyclin E and PCNA levels. At higher concentrations, Si increased caspase-3, as well as TBARS, LDH, DNA fragmentation, and TNF-α releases. Altogether, these results suggest that Si could act either as a neuroprotector or a neurotoxic agent depending on the concentration tested. This study emphasizes the importance of developing new neuroprotective therapies based on low Si doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Garcimartín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Joaquín Merino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Arturo Santos-López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Zhou T, Cui X, Zhou Y, Guo J, Rong Y, Chen W. Switch regulation of interleukin-1 beta in downstream of inflammatory cytokines induced by two micro-sized silica particles on differentiated THP-1 macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:457-466. [PMID: 25596480 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the regulated role of IL-1β in initiating and maintaining inflammation, PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages were exposed to two micro-sized crystalline silica particles (Si3-5μm and Si1μm) from 3h to 24h, respectively. Cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) expressions measured showed that they were induced by both silica particles in positive dose-dependent manners. The levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by Si1μm were higher than those induced by Si3-5μm at low concentration. When pretreated with anti-human IL-1β, not only the high levels of IL-1β but also elevated TNF-α and IL-6 induced by both silica particles were remarkably blocked, especially Si1μm particle. In addition, recombinant human IL-1β protein could induce macrophages to strikingly augment TNF-α and IL-6 expressions. Our data suggest that IL-1β could play a critical role of switching regulation in the downstream inflammation induced by micro-sized silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Xiuqing Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiali Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yi Rong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Rabolli V, Badissi AA, Devosse R, Uwambayinema F, Yakoub Y, Palmai-Pallag M, Lebrun A, De Gussem V, Couillin I, Ryffel B, Marbaix E, Lison D, Huaux F. The alarmin IL-1α is a master cytokine in acute lung inflammation induced by silica micro- and nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:69. [PMID: 25497724 PMCID: PMC4279463 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammasome-activated IL-1β plays a major role in lung neutrophilic inflammation induced by inhaled silica. However, the exact mechanisms that contribute to the initial production of precursor IL-1β (pro-IL-1β) are still unclear. Here, we assessed the implication of alarmins (IL-1α, IL-33 and HMGB1) in the lung response to silica particles and found that IL-1α is a master cytokine that regulates IL-1β expression. Methods Pro- and mature IL-1β as well as alarmins were assessed by ELISA, Western Blot or qRT-PCR in macrophage cultures and in mouse lung following nano- and micrometric silica exposure. Implication of these immune mediators in the establishment of lung inflammatory responses to silica was investigated in knock-out mice or after antibody blockade by evaluating pulmonary neutrophil counts, CXCR2 expression and degree of histological injury. Results We found that the early release of IL-1α and IL-33, but not HMGB1 in alveolar space preceded the lung expression of pro-IL-1β and neutrophilic inflammation in silica-treated mice. In vitro, the production of pro-IL-1β by alveolar macrophages was significantly induced by recombinant IL-1α but not by IL-33. Neutralization or deletion of IL-1α reduced IL-1β production and neutrophil accumulation after silica in mice. Finally, IL-1α released by J774 macrophages after in vitro exposure to a range of micro- and nanoparticles of silica was correlated with the degree of lung inflammation induced in vivo by these particles. Conclusions We demonstrated that in response to silica exposure, IL-1α is rapidly released from pre-existing stocks in alveolar macrophages and promotes subsequent lung inflammation through the stimulation of IL-1β production. Moreover, we demonstrated that in vitro IL-1α release from macrophages can be used to predict the acute inflammogenic activity of silica micro- and nanoparticles. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-014-0069-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Rabolli
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anissa Alami Badissi
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Raynal Devosse
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Francine Uwambayinema
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mihaly Palmai-Pallag
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Astrid Lebrun
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Valentin De Gussem
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle Couillin
- University of Orléans, CNRS, UMR7355, INEM, Transgenose Institute, Orléans, France.
| | - Bernard Ryffel
- University of Orléans, CNRS, UMR7355, INEM, Transgenose Institute, Orléans, France.
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - François Huaux
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. .,Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 52, B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Effects of silica exposure on the cardiac and renal inflammatory and fibrotic response and the antagonistic role of interleukin-1 beta in C57BL/6 mice. Arch Toxicol 2014; 90:247-58. [PMID: 25388157 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Current epidemiological studies suggest that crystalline silica exposure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease; however, the potential pathological damage of the heart and kidney and its underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. This study tried to investigate the silica-induced inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the heart and kidney and evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β) in silica-induced cardiac and renal damage. In this study, a silica-exposed model was generated by intratracheally instilling silica dust in mice. The anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody (mAb) was used to neutralise IL-1β in the pulmonary alveolus and serum. The real-time PCR studies showed that (1) inhalational silica induced inflammatory responses in the heart and kidney by elevated mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1; (2) early fibrotic responses in the heart were observed as elevated mRNA levels of collagen I and fibronectin. What is more, fibrosis of the kidney was demonstrated by pathological results and significantly increased mRNA levels of TGF-β, collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin. Further studies showed that usage of anti-IL-1β mAb decreased the inflammatory response of the heart and kidney induced by inhalational silica and also attenuated fibrosis in the mouse kidney. In conclusion, this study found that inhaled silica induced inflammatory and early fibrotic responses in the mouse heart and inflammatory response and fibrosis in the mouse kidney. Neutralisation of IL-1β attenuated the silica-induced inflammatory response of the heart and kidney and decreased fibrosis in the mouse kidney.
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Garcimartín A, Merino JJ, González MP, Sánchez-Reus MI, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Bastida S, Benedí J. Organic silicon protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide effects. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:384. [PMID: 25293674 PMCID: PMC4203892 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a toxic agent that induces oxidative stress and cell death. Silicon (Si) is a biological element involved in limiting aluminium (Al) absorption with possible preventive effects in Alzheimer’s disease. However, Si has not yet been associated with other neuroprotective mechanisms. Methods The present experiments evaluated in the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line the possible role of different Si G5 (50-1000 ng/mL) concentrations in preventing cellular death induced by H2O2 (400 μM, 24 hours). Results Our findings showed that H2O2 promoted cell death in the human SH-SY5Y cell cultures and this could be prevented by Si treatment. The loss in cell viability mediated by H2O2 was due to an apoptotic and necrotic process. Apoptotic death was incurred by regulating caspase-8 activity in the extrinsic pathway. The apoptotic and necrotic cell death induced by H2O2 was almost totally reversed by Si (50-500 ng/mL), indicating that it down-regulates both processes in H2O2 treated cells. Conclusions According to our data, Si is able to increase SH-SY5Y cell survival throughout partially blocking cellular damage related to oxidative stress through a mechanism that would affect H2O2/ROS elimination.
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Uncoupling between inflammatory and fibrotic responses to silica: evidence from MyD88 knockout mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99383. [PMID: 25050810 PMCID: PMC4106757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact implication of innate immunity in granuloma formation and irreversible lung fibrosis remains to be determined. In this study, we examined the lung inflammatory and fibrotic responses to silica in MyD88-knockout (KO) mice. In comparison to wild-type (WT) mice, we found that MyD88-KO animals developed attenuated lung inflammation, neutrophil accumulation and IL-1β release in response to silica. Granuloma formation was also less pronounced in MyD88-KO mice after silica. This limited inflammatory response was not accompanied by a concomitant attenuation of lung collagen accumulation after silica. Histological analyses revealed that while pulmonary fibrosis was localized in granulomas in WT animals, it was diffusely distributed throughout the parenchyma in MyD88-KO mice. Robust collagen accumulation was also observed in mice KO for several other components of innate immunity (IL-1R, IL-1, ASC, NALP3, IL-18R, IL-33R, TRIF, and TLR2-3-4,). We additionally show that pulmonary fibrosis in MyD88-KO mice was associated with the accumulation of pro-fibrotic regulatory T lymphocytes (T regs) and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression (TGF-β, IL-10 and PDGF-B), not with T helper (Th) 17 cell influx. Our findings indicate that the activation of MyD88-related innate immunity is central in the establishment of particle-induced lung inflammatory and granuloma responses. The development of lung fibrosis appears uncoupled from inflammation and may be orchestrated by a T reg-associated pathway.
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Cheng WJ, Rong Y, Shi TM, Zhou T, Liu YW, Chen WH. Size-dependent biological effects on vascular endothelial cells induced by different particulate matters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:314-321. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Rong Y, Zhou T, Cheng W, Guo J, Cui X, Liu Y, Chen W. Particle-size-dependent cytokine responses and cell damage induced by silica particles and macrophages-derived mediators in endothelial cell. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:921-928. [PMID: 24025635 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence reports silica dust exposure has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, endothelial cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of two sizes silica particles and the soluble mediators released by macrophages treated with the same particles for 24 h. Expression and release of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) were measured by using ELISA. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay and LDH release. We show that both ways induced increases in cell toxicity and cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. For smaller particles, the soluble mediators are more capable of increasing cytokines compared with the effect of particles directly. For larger particles, evaluating results of these two ways are similar. Either way, smaller particles make the increasing action of cell toxicity and cytokines more remarkable. Our results indicate both silica particle and macrophage-derived mediators can induce endothelial cell injury and inflammation and demonstrate the potential importance of the particle sizes in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Hochgatterer K, Moshammer H, Haluza D. Dust is in the air: effects of occupational exposure to mineral dust on lung function in a 9-year study. Lung 2013; 191:257-63. [PMID: 23568145 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-013-9463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational mineral dust exposure is a well-known risk factor for numerous respiratory and systemic diseases. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to assess the influence of work-associated dust exposure on spirometric results. Furthermore, the impact of implementation of stricter limit values for occupational contact with quartz dust on lung function was evaluated. METHODS Anthropometric data (age, gender, BMI), smoking behavior, and lung function parameters (FVC, FEV1, MEF50) from 7,204 medical examinations of 3,229 female and male workers during the years 2002-2010 were examined following Austrian standards for occupational medicine and the guidelines of the European Respiratory Society. Analysis of data was performed using models of multiple linear regression. RESULTS Lung function decrease over time was associated with smoking habits and duration of occupational dust exposure. Specifically, occupational quartz exposure negatively influenced the annual lung function parameters (FVC, -6.68 ml; FEV1, -6.71 ml; and MEF50, -16.15 ml/s, all p < 0.001). Thus, an overadditive effect of smoking and work-related contact with quartz was found regarding decline in MEF50 (p < 0.05). Implementation of stricter occupational limit values for dust exposure resulted in a highly significant deceleration of the annual decrease in respiratory function (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Individual smoking habits and occupational dust exposure had a negative impact on lung function. To reduce the risk of loss of respiratory capacity, smoking cessation is especially recommended to workers exposed to quartz dust. Moreover, stricter limit values could prevent chronic occupational damage to the respiratory system.
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