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O' Connor C, Chrystal R, Mc Intyre M, Delahunt E, Thorborg K. Hip adduction and abduction strength values in elite-level male and female youth soccer players: A comparison between sexes, and across age-groups. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 70:7-14. [PMID: 39178504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report isometric hip adduction squeeze and abduction press strength values of elite-level youth male and female soccer players and examine if differences exist between sexes, and age-groups. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING Elite youth soccer academy. PARTICIPANTS 102 soccer players (n = 64; male, n = 38 female) competing in the national youth soccer leagues from under (U) 14-19 years of age level (U-14, U-15, U-17, U-19). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Isometric hip adduction and abduction strength values were measured with a ForceFrame in various testing positions. RESULTS Isometric hip adduction and abduction strength values are presented. Male U-17 and U-19 players demonstrated significantly greater (p < 0.05) absolute(N) and relative (N/kg) hip adduction and abduction strength than their female counterparts, with large (η2 = 0.068-0.227) and medium-to-large (η2 = 0.049-0.234) effect size, respectively. Significant differences in absolute strength, but not relative strength, were observed for hip adduction and abduction between male age-groups (U-14, U-15, U-17, U-19), with hip abduction strength differences only existing between U-14 and U-17 groups. No significant differences in hip strength were observed between U-17 and U-19 groups for female players. CONCLUSION Male youth soccer players have higher absolute and relative hip adduction and abduction strength than females at the U-17 and U-19 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran O' Connor
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ross Chrystal
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Martin Mc Intyre
- Sports Injuries and Sport Medicine Clinic, Castlebar, Co. Mayo, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopaedic Research Center Copenhagen - (SORC-C), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Denmark
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Mandorino M, Figueiredo AJ, Gjaka M, Tessitore A. Injury incidence and risk factors in youth soccer players: a systematic literature review. Part I: epidemiological analysis. Biol Sport 2023; 40:3-25. [PMID: 36636179 PMCID: PMC9806741 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of the epidemiological data and the risk factors underlying injuries is crucial to promote prevention strategies in young soccer players. The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic literature review on the epidemiological data, described in the first part, and injury risk factors, presented in the second part. After electronic database searching, articles in line with the inclusion criteria were selected for the systematic review. Epidemiological data were extracted and discussed in this first part of the review. Data were grouped as follows: injury incidence, injury severity, and re-injury, injury types, injury mechanisms, and anatomical location. The principal findings of this first part of the review are as follows: (1) injury incidence is higher in older players and during matches than during training; (2) sex and maturity status may increase risk of injury; (3) male soccer players are more prone to muscle strains and ligament sprains while female players suffer more ligament sprains; (4) most injuries are located in the ankle and thigh in young male soccer players, and in the ankle and knee in female players; (5) severe injuries are less frequent but the incidence increases in older players. Re-injuries represent only a small percentage. Although soccer is considered a safe sport, many injuries are recorded in young soccer players every year. Injury predisposition changes in relation to age, sex, and biological age. Coaches and physical trainers should be aware of individual differences in order to promote prevention strategies and personalised training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mandorino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - António J. Figueiredo
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Masar Gjaka
- Department of Sport and Movement Science, University for Business and Technology, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Antonio Tessitore
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
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Mandorino M, Figueiredo AJ, Gjaka M, Tessitore A. Injury incidence and risk factors in youth soccer players: a systematic literature review. Part II: Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Biol Sport 2023; 40:27-49. [PMID: 36636190 PMCID: PMC9806737 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.109962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury is defined as a complex phenomenon determined by the non-linear interaction of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic literature review on the injury risk factors in young soccer players. After electronic database searching, articles in line with the inclusion criteria were selected for the systematic review. Injury risk factor data were extracted and grouped in intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. The main findings of the current review are as follows: (1) alteration in neuromuscular control such as limb asymmetry and dynamic knee valgus are important intrinsic risk factors; (2) maturation status may impair neuromuscular control and increase the risk of injury; (3) fatigue and poor recovery contribute to the onset of overuse injuries; (4) the impact of anthropometric factors is still unclear; (5) previous injuries increase the risk of re-injuries; (6) highly skilled players are more exposed to risk of injuries; (7) high external workloads increase the risk of injuries; (8) playing position, as well as sport specialization, exposes young soccer players to greater injury risk. Many factors (e.g., neuromuscular control, training load, maturity status) can modify the susceptibility to injury in young soccer players. Being aware of the complex interaction between these factors is essential to identify players at higher risk of injury, develop adequate prevention strategies, and from a scientific point of view move from a reductionist to a complex system approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mandorino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio J. Figueiredo
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Masar Gjaka
- Department of Sport and Movement Science, University for Business and Technology, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Antonio Tessitore
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
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Pérez-Gómez J, Adsuar JC, Alcaraz PE, Carlos-Vivas J. Physical exercises for preventing injuries among adult male football players: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:115-122. [PMID: 33188962 PMCID: PMC8847925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Football is the most practised sport in the world and is associated with the risk of injuries in the players. Some studies have been published that identify injury prevention programs, but there is no review of the full body of evidence on injury prevention programs for use by football coaches. The aim of this article was to carry out a systematic review of published studies on injury prevention programs for adult male footballers, identify points of common understanding and establish recommendations that should be considered in the design of injury prevention strategies. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to identify relevant published articles using the following keywords: "soccer" AND "injury" AND "prevention". RESULTS A total of 2512 studies were identified initially, but only 11 studies met the inclusion criteria, and their outcomes are presented. Results revealed that injury prevention programs in football have focused on strength training, proprioceptive training, multicomponent programs (balance, core stability, and functional strength and mobility), and warm-up programs. CONCLUSION Based on results from the studies analyzed, football players can lower the incidence of match and training injuries by participating in dynamic warm-up programs that include preventive exercises before games or during training sessions, and by adding strength, balance, and mobility training to the training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres 10003, Spain
| | - José Carmelo Adsuar
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres 10003, Spain
| | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia 30107, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME) Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres 10003, Spain.
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Hausken-Sutter SE, Pringle R, Schubring A, Grau S, Barker-Ruchti N. Youth sport injury research: a narrative review and the potential of interdisciplinarity. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e000933. [PMID: 33489308 PMCID: PMC7805357 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent sports injuries, researchers have aimed to understand injury aetiology from both the natural and social sciences and through applying different methodologies. This research has produced strong disciplinary knowledge and a number of injury prevention programmes. Yet, the injury rate continues to be high, especially in youth sport and youth football. A key reason for the continued high injury rate is the development of injury prevention programmes based on monodisciplinary knowledge that does not account for the complex nature of sport injury aetiology. The purpose of this paper is to consider and outline an interdisciplinary research process to research the complex nature of sport injury aetiology. To support our proposition, we first present a narrative review of existing youth football and youth sport injury research demonstrating an absence of paradigmatic integration across the research areas’ main disciplines of biomedicine, psychology and sociology. We then demonstrate how interdisciplinary research can address the complexity of youth sport injury aetiology. Finally, we introduce the interdisciplinary process we have recently followed in a youth football injury research project. While further research is necessary, particularly regarding the integration of qualitative and quantitative sport injury data, we propose that the pragmatic interdisciplinary research process can be useful for researchers who aim to work across disciplines and paradigms and aim to employ methodological pluralism in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Pringle
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Astrid Schubring
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Grau
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalie Barker-Ruchti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Pryor JL, Burbulys ER, Root HJ, Pryor RR. Movement Technique During Jump-Landing Differs Between Sex Among Athletic Playing Surfaces. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:661-666. [PMID: 32108723 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pryor, JL, Burbulys, ER, Root, HJ, and Pryor, RR. Movement technique during jump-landing differs between sex among athletic playing surfaces. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Whether athletic surface type affects movement technique, a causal factor for lower extremity injury, is unclear. This study evaluated the influence of 4 common athletic surfaces on movement technique using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Secondarily, we aimed to evaluate differences in movement technique between men and women among surfaces. Recreationally active men and women (n = 38) completed jump-landing tests on 4 common athletic surfaces in a quasi-randomized crossover fashion. Vertical jump height, perceptual fatigue, and muscle soreness were evaluated before jump-landing movement analyses and were similar across testing sessions (p > 0.05). Men achieved higher LESS scores on hardwood and artificial pellet turf compared with women (p ≤ 0.037). Women exhibited lower LESS scores on grass and artificial turf vs. concrete (p ≤ 0.048). Data indicate differential lower extremity movement technique and therefore injury risk across athletic surface types and sex, challenging the generalizability of the LESS construct. Athletic playing surface should be considered during movement technique assessment and implementation of injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luke Pryor
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fresno, California
| | - Emily R Burbulys
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fresno, California
| | - Hayley J Root
- Department of Athletic Training, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, New Jersey
| | - Riana R Pryor
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fresno, California
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Abstract
Participation in youth soccer in the United States continues to increase steadily, with a greater percentage of preadolescent participants than perhaps any other youth sport. Despite the wide-ranging health benefits of participation in organized sports, injuries occur and represent a threat to the health and performance of young athletes. Youth soccer has a greater reported injury rate than many other contact sports, and recent studies suggest that injury rates are increasing. Large increases in the incidence of concussions in youth soccer have been reported, and anterior cruciate ligament injuries remain a significant problem in this sport, particularly among female athletes. Considerable new research has identified a number of modifiable risk factors for lower-extremity injuries and concussion, and several prevention programs have been identified to reduce the risk of injury. Rule enforcement and fair play also serve an important role in reducing the risk of injury among youth soccer participants. This report provides an updated review of the relevant literature as well as recommendations to promote the safe participation of children and adolescents in soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Watson
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Jeffrey M Mjaanes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Sugimoto D, Howell DR, Tocci NX, Meehan WP. Risk factors associated with self-reported injury history in female youth soccer players. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2018; 46:312-318. [PMID: 29633890 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1462651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND studies that investigate risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in female youth athletes are limited, especially related to training attributes and position status. OBJECTIVE to determine risk factors including training attributes and position status for a self-reported musculoskeletal injury history in female youth soccer players. METHODS we conducted a cross-sectional study of young female soccer players (mean age: 13.6 ± 2.3 years). we asked about their history of musculoskeletal injuries using an electronic questionnaire. the proportion of young female soccer players with and without a history of soccer-related musculoskeletal injuries were compared based on physical characteristics, training attributes, position status (single vs. multiple), lower extremity strength, and joint laxity. a binary logistic regression analysis was used to generate, and adjusted odds ratios adjusted for potential co-variates (aor). a 95% confidence interval (95%ci) that did not cross one or p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS a total of 160 young female soccer players (mean age: 13.6 ± 2.3 years) participated in the study. an independent association was found between prior musculoskeletal injuries and older ages (aor: 1.60, 95%ci: 1.17, 2.20, p = 0.004), higher weight (aor: 1.10, 95%ci: 1.01, 1.20, p = 0.026), and greater bmi (aor: 1.43, 95%ci: 1.07, 1.90, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS musculoskeletal injuries were associated with age, weight, and bmi in female youth players. the current study indicates that maintaining proper body composition may be beneficial to reduce musculoskeletal injuries among female youth soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Sugimoto
- a The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention , Waltham , MA , USA.,b Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - David R Howell
- a The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention , Waltham , MA , USA.,d Sports Medicine Center , Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora , CO , USA.,e School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Noah X Tocci
- f Center of Healthcare Delivery Science , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA
| | - William P Meehan
- a The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention , Waltham , MA , USA.,b Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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9
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Klein C, Henke T, Platen P. Injuries in football (soccer)—a systematic review of epidemiology and aetiological aspects. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-018-0530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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