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Inchakalody VP, Hydrose SP, Krishnankutty R, Merhi M, Therachiyil L, Sasidharan Nair V, Elashi AA, Khan AQ, Taleb S, Raza A, Yoosuf ZSKM, Fernandes Q, Al-Zaidan L, Mestiri S, Taib N, Bedhiafi T, Moustafa D, Assami L, Maalej KM, Elkord E, Uddin S, Al Homsi U, Dermime S. The molecular mechanisms of apoptosis accompanied with the epigenetic regulation of the NY-ESO-1 antigen in non-small lung cancer cells treated with decitabine (5-aza-CdR). Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175612. [PMID: 36822455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated epigenetic modifications are common in lung cancer but have been reversed using demethylating agent like 5-Aza-CdR. 5-Aza-CdR induces/upregulates the NY-ESO-1 antigen in lung cancer. Therefore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms accompanied with the epigenetic regulation of NY-ESO-1 in 5-Aza-CdR-treated NCI-H1975 cell line. We showed significant induction of the NY-ESO-1 protein (**p < 0.0097) using Cellular ELISA. Bisulfite-sequencing demonstrated 45.6% demethylation efficiency at the NY-ESO-1 gene promoter region and RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the significant induction of NY-ESO-1 at mRNA level (128-fold increase, *p < 0.050). We then investigated the mechanism by which 5-Aza-CdR inhibits cell proliferation in the NCI-H1975 cell line. Upregulation of the death receptors TRAIL (2.04-fold *p < 0.011) and FAS (2.1-fold *p < 0.011) indicate activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The upregulation of Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (1.9-fold), Major vault protein (1.8-fold), Bax (1.16-fold), and Cytochrome C (1.39-fold) indicate the activation of the intrinsic pathway. We also observed the differential expression of protein Complement C3 (3.3-fold), Destrin (-5.1-fold), Vimentin (-1.7-fold), Peroxiredoxin 4 (-1.6-fold), Fascin (-1.8-fold), Heme oxygenase-2 (-0.67-fold**p < 0.0055), Hsp27 (-0.57-fold**p < 0.004), and Hsp70 (-0.39-fold **p < 0.001), indicating reduced cell growth, cell migration, and metastasis. The upregulation of 40S ribosomal protein S9 (3-fold), 40S ribosomal protein S15 (4.2-fold), 40S ribosomal protein S18 (2.5-fold), and 60S ribosomal protein L22 (4.4-fold) implied the induction of translation machinery. These results reiterate the decisive role of 5-Aza-CdR in lung cancer treatment since it induces the epigenetic regulation of NY-ESO-1 antigen, inhibits cell proliferation, increases apoptosis, and decreases invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varghese P Inchakalody
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shereena P Hydrose
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Germany
| | - Asma A Elashi
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Taleb
- Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zeenath Safira K M Yoosuf
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lobna Al-Zaidan
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarra Mestiri
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nassiba Taib
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Takwa Bedhiafi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dina Moustafa
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laila Assami
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karama Makni Maalej
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Oman; Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ussama Al Homsi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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Suresh K, Del Rosario O, Kallem M, Singh G, Shah A, Zheng L, Yun X, Philip NM, Putcha N, McClure MB, Jiang H, D'Alessio F, Srivastava M, Bera A, Shimoda LA, Merchant M, Rane MJ, Machamer CE, Mock J, Hagan R, Koch AL, Punjabi NM, Kolb TM, Damarla M. Tumor MK2 transcript levels are associated with improved response to chemotherapy and patient survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:168-178. [PMID: 36878491 PMCID: PMC10042611 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00155.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) demonstrate intrinsic resistance to cell death, even after chemotherapy. Previous work suggested defective nuclear translocation of active caspase-3 in observed resistance to cell death. We have identified mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2; encoded by the gene MAPKAPK2) is required for caspase-3 nuclear translocation in the execution of apoptosis in endothelial cells. The objective was to determine MK2 expression in NSCLCs and the association between MK2 and clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC. Clinical and MK2 mRNA data were extracted from two demographically distinct NSCLC clinical cohorts, North American (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA) and East Asian (EA). Tumor responses following first round of chemotherapy were dichotomized as clinical response (complete response, partial response, and stable disease) or progression of disease. Multivariable survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard ratios and Kaplan-Meier curves. NSCLC exhibited lower MK2 expression than SCLC cell lines. In patients, lower tumor MK2 transcript levels were observed in those presenting with late-stage NSCLC. Higher MK2 expression was associated with clinical response following initial chemotherapy and independently associated with improved 2-yr survival in two distinct cohorts, 0.52 (0.28-0.98) and 0.1 (0.01-0.81), TCGA and EA, respectively, even after adjusting for common oncogenic driver mutations. Survival benefit of higher MK2 expression was unique to lung adenocarcinoma when comparing across various cancers. This study implicates MK2 in apoptosis resistance in NSCLC and suggests prognostic value of MK2 transcript levels in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Suresh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Othello Del Rosario
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Medha Kallem
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Gayatri Singh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anika Shah
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Linda Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xin Yun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nicolas M Philip
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Marni B McClure
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Franco D'Alessio
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Alakesh Bera
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Madhavi J Rane
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Carolyn E Machamer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jason Mock
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Robert Hagan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Abigail L Koch
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Naresh M Punjabi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Todd M Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mahendra Damarla
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Shen H, Zheng E, Yang Z, Yang M, Xu X, Zhou Y, Ni J, Li R, Zhao G. YRDC is upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and promotes cell proliferation by decreasing cell apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:43-52. [PMID: 32565932 PMCID: PMC7285791 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. yrdC N6-threonylcarbamoltransferase domain containing protein (YRDC) has been demonstrated to be involved in the formation of threonylcarbamoyladenosine in transfer ribonucleic acid. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NSCLC progression remain largely unclear. The present study revealed that YRDC was upregulated in NSCLC samples compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues by analyzing datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Higher expression of YRDC was associated with overall survival time and disease-free survival time in patients with NSCLC, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, knockdown of YRDC in NSCLS cell lines significantly suppressed cell growth and cell colony formation in vitro. Additionally, the results demonstrated that silencing of YRDC induced apoptosis of A549 cells. Then, the protein-protein interaction networks associated with yrdC N6-threonylcarbamoltransferase domain containing protein (YRDC) in NSCLC were subsequently constructed to investigate the potential molecular mechanism underlying the role of YRDC in NSCLC. The results revealed that YRDC was involved in the regulation of spliceosomes, ribosomes, the p53 signaling pathway, proteasomes, the cell cycle and DNA replication. The present study demonstrated that YRDC may serve as a novel biomarker for the prognosis prediction and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Shen
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Enkuo Zheng
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Minglei Yang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Yinjie Zhou
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Guofang Zhao
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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Li N, Zhao J, Ma Y, Roy B, Liu R, Kristiansen K, Gao Q. Dissecting the expression landscape of mitochondrial genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3992-4000. [PMID: 30128019 PMCID: PMC6096099 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are the two major subtypes of lung cancer. To explore mitochondrial respiratory gene expression profiles in LUSC and LUAD, RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas was used for comprehensive analyses to establish the molecular characteristics of LUSC and LUAD. To elucidate expression profiles, subtypes were defined using unsupervised clustering of mitochondrial gene expression data. Differences in nuclear gene expression levels, signaling pathways and tumor microenvironments between subtypes were investigated. The analysis revealed that mitochondrial respiratory genes were generally expressed at lower levels in tumor tissues compared with matched control tissues. The expression of mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5 or 6 was associated with tumor progression in LUAD and LUSC. Patients were clustered into three subgroups based on the expression profile of 13 mitochondrial protein-encoding genes, and patients in Cluster 3 exhibited poor survival rates compared with patients from Cluster 1. Furthermore, this association was also observed in another independent data set. Further analyses of the expression of nuclear-encoded genes in the three clusters revealed the enrichment of several cancer-associated signaling pathways in Cluster 3, particularly the apoptotic signaling pathway, suggesting a potential association between the decreased expression of mitochondrial DNA genes and increased tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of immune cell compositions in the tumor microenvironment detected a significant increase in the proportion of CD4+ T cells and a decrease in the proportion of macrophages in LUAD compared with LUSC (P=0.0000104 and P=0.0000105, respectively). In conclusion, the present study revealed an association between the expression patterns of mitochondrial-encoded genes and lung cancer, which may contribute to novel therapeutic strategies for patients with LUSC and LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical College, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, Liaoning 118003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Yibing Ma
- Department of Pathology, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong, Liaoning 118001, P.R. China
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, P.R. China
| | - Ren Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Qiang Gao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, P.R. China
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Viktorsson K, Lewensohn R, Zhivotovsky B. Systems biology approaches to develop innovative strategies for lung cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1260. [PMID: 24874732 PMCID: PMC4047893 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a number one killer of cancer-related death among men and women worldwide. Major advances have been made in the diagnosis, staging and use of surgery for LC, but systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy alone or in combination with some targeted agents remains the core treatment of advanced LC. Unfortunately, in spite of improved diagnosis, surgical methods and new treatments, mortality is still extremely high among LC patients. To understand the precise functioning of signaling pathways associated with resistance to current treatments in LC, as well as to identify novel treatment regimens, a holistic approach to analyze signaling networks should be applied. Here, we describe systems biology-based approaches to generate biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in LC, as well as how this may contribute to personalized treatment for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology–Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - R Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology–Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 117192, Russia
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Inhibition of Ephrin B3-mediated survival signaling contributes to increased cell death response of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells after combined treatment with ionizing radiation and PKC 412. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e454. [PMID: 23303128 PMCID: PMC3563978 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is frequently used to treat non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). We have previously shown that a combination of ionizing radiation (IR) and the staurosporine analog PKC 412, but not Ro 31–8220, increases cell death in NSCLC cells. To identify genes involved in the enhancement of cell death, a total gene profiling in response to co-administration of (i) PKC 412 with IR, or (ii) Ro 31–8220 with IR was implemented. These combined treatments caused upregulation of 140 and 179 genes and downregulation of 253 and 425 genes, respectively. Certain genes were selected and verified by real-time quantitative PCR and, of these genes, robust suppression of Ephrin B3 expression was suggested as a possible cell death-inducing mechanism of combined treatment with IR and PKC 412. Indeed, silencing of Ephrin B3 using siRNA in NSCLC cells resulted in a major alteration of their morphology with an elongated phenotype, decreased proliferation and increased cell death signaling. Moreover, silencing of Ephrin B3 in combination with IR caused a decrease in IR-mediated G2-arrest, induced cellular senescence, inhibited MAPK ERK and p38 phosphorylation, and caused an upregulation of p27kip1 expression. Finally, silencing of Ephrin B3 in combination with IR sensitized U-1810 cells to IR-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, we identify and describe Ephrin B3 as a putative signaling molecule involved in the response of NSCLC cells to combined treatment with PKC 412 and ionizing radiation.
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miRNA-214 modulates radiotherapy response of non-small cell lung cancer cells through regulation of p38MAPK, apoptosis and senescence. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1361-73. [PMID: 22929890 PMCID: PMC3494421 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radio- and chemotherapy (RT/CT) resistance hampers success in combating small and non-small cell lung cancers (SCLC/NSCLC). The underlying molecular mechanisms of RT/CT resistance of LCs are multifactorial and have been understood in part hitherto. miRNAs, key regulators of mRNAs, are well-recognised oncomirs; however, their role in regulating RT response remains poorly understood. Methods: Six human NSCLC and five SCLC cell lines with different SF2 values were investigated. Using microarray we examined whether expression of miRNAs is linked to the RT resistance of NSCLCs or SCLCs. Obtained data were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Apoptosis and senescence were analysed using siRNA transfection, western blot and flow cytometry. Results: miRNA-21, miRNA-1827, miRNA-214, miRNA-339-5p, miRNA-625, miRNA-768-3p, miRNA-523-3p, miRNA-1227, miRNA-324-5p, miRNA-423-3p, miRNA-1301 and miRNA-1249 are differentially expressed in LC cells. miRNA-214 is upregulated in RT-resistant NSCLC cells relative to radiosensitive counterparts. Considering miRNA-214 as a putative regulator of RT resistance, we demonstrate that knockdown of miRNA-214 in radioresistant NSCLCs sensitised them to RT by stimulation of senescence. Consistently, overexpression of miRNA-214 in radiosensitive NSCLCs protected against RT-induced apoptosis. Protection was mediated by p38MAPK, as downregulation of this kinase could reverse the miRNA-214 overexpression-induced resistance of NSCLC cells. Conclusion: miRNA profiling of LC revealed putative RT resistance signalling circuits, which might help in sensitisation of LC to RT.
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