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Liu F, Miao X, Han L, Song X. Advances in CAR-NK cell therapy for lung cancer: is it a better choice in the future? Front Oncol 2024; 14:1390006. [PMID: 38863635 PMCID: PMC11165017 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1390006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cell therapy represents a promising advancement in the field of oncology offering a novel approach to target and eliminate tumor cells with high specificity and reduced risk of immune-related adverse effects. This paper reviews the mechanism, potential targets, and recent advances in CAR-NK cell therapy for lung cancer, including the design and engineering of CAR-NK cells, preclinical studies, and the outcomes of early-phase clinical trials. We highlight the unique advantages of using NK cells, such as their innate ability to recognize and kill cancer cells and their reduced potential for inducing graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) compared to CAR T-cell therapies. Results from recent studies demonstrate significant antitumor activity in lung cancer models with improved targeting and persistence of CAR-NK cells observed in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss the challenges in optimizing CAR-NK cell therapies, including the potential resistance mechanisms. The paper concludes with an outlook on the future directions of CAR-NK cell research and its implications for lung cancer treatment emphasizing the importance of continued innovation and collaboration in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Liu
- The Third Department of Geriatrics, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Miao
- Central Supply Service Department (CSSD), Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Han
- The Third Department of Geriatrics, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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2
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Xu D, Liao C, Tan J. KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cell lines cause a prothrombotic state through the upregulation of thrombin: experimental study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:850-855. [PMID: 38333285 PMCID: PMC10849412 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The KRAS genotype status is strongly associated with a prothrombotic state in colorectal cancer, and hypercoagulability and cancer-related thrombosis are among the significant events leading to poor prognosis. However, this correlation has not been confirmed at the cellular level. This study aimed to assess the maximum platelet aggregation rate and thrombin expression induced by colorectal cancer cells under different KRAS genotypes. Materials and methods Platelet aggregation rate assay and western blotting analysis were used to detect platelet aggregation and thrombin expression induced by four colorectal cancer cells with different KRAS genotypes, including RKO, HCT116, SW480, and SW620. FVIIa/tissue factor and thrombin inhibitors were added to explore changes in platelet aggregation rates induced by colorectal cancer cells and the association between KRAS genotype status and hypercoagulable state. Results KRAS-mutant cells were more likely to increase maximal platelet aggregation, with RKO, HCT116, SW480, and SW620 inducing 34.7%, 55.4%, 44.4%, and 63.8% of platelet aggregation, respectively. The maximum platelet aggregation rate was higher in the metastatic rectal cancer tumour strain SW620 than in the primary rectal cancer strain SW480. RKO cells had lower thrombin expression than the other three cells. Furthermore, the addition of thrombin inhibitors caused a more significant decrease in the platelet aggregation rate in KRAS-mutant cell lines compared to KRAS wild-type cell lines. Conclusion Compared to KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer cells, KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cell lines were more likely to be hypercoagulable through the upregulation of thrombin expression, which was mainly achieved through the TF-thrombin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duogang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Changkang Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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Doubre H, Monnet I, Azarian R, Girard P, Meyer G, Trichereau J, Devillier P, Van Dreden P, Couderc LJ, Chouaid C, Vasse M. Plasma tissue factor activity in lung cancer patients predicts venous thromboembolism and poor overall survival. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102359. [PMID: 38666062 PMCID: PMC11043639 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers to identify lung cancer (LC) patients with high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are needed. Objectives To evaluate the usefulness of plasma tissue factor activity (TFA) and D-dimer levels for the prediction of VTE and overall survival in patients with LC. Methods In a prospective multicenter observational cohort of consecutive LC patients, TFA and D-dimer levels were measured at diagnosis before any cancer treatment (V1) and between 8 and 12 weeks after diagnosis (V2). Results Among 302 patients, 38 (12.6%) experienced VTE within the first year after diagnosis. V1-TFA and V1-D-dimer levels were significantly (P = .02) higher in patients who presented VTE within 3 months than in patients without VTE: V1-TFA was 2.02 (25th-75th percentiles, 0.20-4.01) vs 0.49 (0.20-3.09) ng/mL and V1-D-dimer was 1.42 (0.64-4.40) vs 0.69 (0.39-1.53) μg/mL, respectively. Cutoffs of 1.92 ng/mL for TFA and 1.26 μg/mL for D-dimer could discriminate both groups of patients. In multivariate analysis, V1-TFA > 1.92 ng/mL was the only significant predictor of VTE risk at 1 year (hazard ratio, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.06-4.16; P = .03). V2-TFA, quantified in 251 patients, decreased significantly compared with V1-TFA (0.20 vs 0.56 ng/mL, P < .05), but a V2-TFA level > 0.77 ng/mL could predict VTE in the following 3 months. Median overall survival was worse for patients with V1-TFA > 1.92 ng/mL (14.6 vs 23.8 months) and V1-D-dimer > 1.26 μg/mL (13.8 vs 24 months, P < .001). Conclusion High plasma TFA levels are associated with the occurrence of VTE within the next 3 months after each visit (V1 or V2) and poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Doubre
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Isabelle Monnet
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Creteil, France
| | - Reza Azarian
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Philippe Girard
- Département de pneumologie, Institut du Thorax Curie-Montsouris, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Guy Meyer
- Service de Pneumologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julie Trichereau
- Direction Recherche Clinique et Innovation, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Philippe Devillier
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- VIM Suresnes, UMR 0892, Pôle des Maladies Respiratoires, Hopital Foch, Université Paris Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | | | | | - Christos Chouaid
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Creteil, France
| | - Marc Vasse
- Biology Department, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- UMRS-1176, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Pavlovic D, Niciforovic D, Markovic M, Papic D. Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Treatment, and Risk Assessment. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2023; 17:11795549231220297. [PMID: 38152726 PMCID: PMC10752082 DOI: 10.1177/11795549231220297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients represent a growing population with drastically difficult care and a lowered quality of life, especially due to the heightened risk of vast complications. Thus, it is well established so far that one of the most prominent complications in individuals with cancer is venous thromboembolism. Since there are various improved methods for screening and diagnosing cancer and its complications, the incidence of cancer-associated thrombosis has been on the rise in recent years. Therefore, the high mortality and morbidity rates among these patients are not a surprise. Consequently, there is an excruciating need for understanding the mechanisms behind this complex process, as well as the imperative for adequate analysis and application of the most suitable steps for cancer-associated thrombosis prevention. There are various and numerous mechanisms offering potential answers to cancer-associated thrombosis, some of which have already been elucidated in various preclinical and clinical scenarios, yet further and more elaborate studies are crucial to understanding and preventing this complex and harsh clinical entity. This article elaborates on the growing incidence, mortality, morbidity, and risk factors of cancer-associated thrombosis while emphasizing the pathophysiological mechanisms in the light of various types of cancer in patients and summarizes the most novel therapy and prevention guidelines recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Pavlovic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Niciforovic
- Center for Internal Oncology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Markovic
- Center for Internal Oncology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Papic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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5
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Tawil N, Mohammadnia A, Rak J. Oncogenes and cancer associated thrombosis: what can we learn from single cell genomics about risks and mechanisms? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1252417. [PMID: 38188342 PMCID: PMC10769496 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1252417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Single cell analysis of cancer cell transcriptome may shed a completely new light on cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT). CAT causes morbid, and sometimes lethal complications in certain human cancers known to be associated with high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), pulmonary embolism (PE) or arterial thromboembolism (ATE), all of which worsen patients' prognosis. How active cancers drive these processes has long evaded scrutiny. While "unspecific" microenvironmental effects and consequences of patient care (e.g., chemotherapy) have been implicated in pathogenesis of CAT, it has also been suggested that oncogenic pathways driven by either genetic (mutations), or epigenetic (methylation) events may influence the coagulant phenotype of cancer cells and stroma, and thereby modulate the VTE/PE risk. Consequently, the spectrum of driver events and their downstream effector mechanisms may, to some extent, explain the heterogeneity of CAT manifestations between cancer types, molecular subtypes, and individual cases, with thrombosis-promoting, or -protective mutations. Understanding this molecular causation is important if rationally designed countermeasures were to be deployed to mitigate the clinical impact of CAT in individual cancer patients. In this regard, multi-omic analysis of human cancers, especially at a single cell level, has brought a new meaning to concepts of cellular heterogeneity, plasticity, and multicellular complexity of the tumour microenvironment, with profound and still relatively unexplored implications for the pathogenesis of CAT. Indeed, cancers may contain molecularly distinct cellular subpopulations, or dynamic epigenetic states associated with different profiles of coagulant activity. In this article we discuss some of the relevant lessons from the single cell "omics" and how they could unlock new potential mechanisms through which cancer driving oncogenic lesions may modulate CAT, with possible consequences for patient stratification, care, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Tawil
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Abdulshakour Mohammadnia
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ahmadi SE, Shabannezhad A, Kahrizi A, Akbar A, Safdari SM, Hoseinnezhad T, Zahedi M, Sadeghi S, Mojarrad MG, Safa M. Tissue factor (coagulation factor III): a potential double-edge molecule to be targeted and re-targeted toward cancer. Biomark Res 2023; 11:60. [PMID: 37280670 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a protein that plays a critical role in blood clotting, but recent research has also shown its involvement in cancer development and progression. Herein, we provide an overview of the structure of TF and its involvement in signaling pathways that promote cancer cell proliferation and survival, such as the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. TF overexpression is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in various cancers. The review also explores TF's role in promoting cancer cell metastasis, angiogenesis, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Of note, various TF-targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and immunotherapies have been developed, and preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of these therapies in various cancer types are now being evaluated. The potential for re-targeting TF toward cancer cells using TF-conjugated nanoparticles, which have shown promising results in preclinical studies is another intriguing approach in the path of cancer treatment. Although there are still many challenges, TF could possibly be a potential molecule to be used for further cancer therapy as some TF-targeted therapies like Seagen and Genmab's tisotumab vedotin have gained FDA approval for treatment of cervical cancer. Overall, based on the overviewed studies, this review article provides an in-depth overview of the crucial role that TF plays in cancer development and progression, and emphasizes the potential of TF-targeted and re-targeted therapies as potential approaches for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Shabannezhad
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kahrizi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Armin Akbar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehrab Safdari
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Hoseinnezhad
- Department of Hematolog, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zahedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sadeghi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London, UK
| | - Mahsa Golizadeh Mojarrad
- Shahid Beheshti Educational and Medical Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Departments of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Takahashi S, Takehara T, Tani T, Ishioka K, Madoiwa S. A case of disseminated intravascular coagulation following tumour lysis syndrome due to small cell carcinoma of the lung. Respirol Case Rep 2023; 11:e01093. [PMID: 36776994 PMCID: PMC9900430 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A 64-year-old man was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with multiple bone and liver metastases and bone marrow metastases. Spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) was observed before starting chemotherapy with carboplatin, etoposide, and atezolizumab. The tumour further collapsed, and the patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) on day 4 of chemotherapy. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous hydration and rasburicase for TLS and subcutaneous unfractionated heparin for DIC. A large amount of tissue factor may be released in TLS, which could induce DIC. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of DIC following TLS in a case of SCLC. DIC following TLS in SCLC is a rare but life-threatening oncologic complication. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of this possibility when treating patients with advanced SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Takahashi
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineTokyo Saiseikai Central HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Takehara
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineTokyo Saiseikai Central HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsuo Tani
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineTokyo Saiseikai Central HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kota Ishioka
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineTokyo Saiseikai Central HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Seiji Madoiwa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineTokyo Saiseikai Central HospitalTokyoJapan
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8
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Hassan N, Efing J, Kiesel L, Bendas G, Götte M. The Tissue Factor Pathway in Cancer: Overview and Role of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1524. [PMID: 36900315 PMCID: PMC10001432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, the only focus on tissue factor (TF) in clinical pathophysiology has been on its function as the initiation of the extrinsic coagulation cascade. This obsolete vessel-wall TF dogma is now being challenged by the findings that TF circulates throughout the body as a soluble form, a cell-associated protein, and a binding microparticle. Furthermore, it has been observed that TF is expressed by various cell types, including T-lymphocytes and platelets, and that certain pathological situations, such as chronic and acute inflammatory states, and cancer, may increase its expression and activity. Transmembrane G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors can be proteolytically cleaved by the TF:FVIIa complex that develops when TF binds to Factor VII (PARs). The TF:FVIIa complex can activate integrins, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and PARs in addition to PARs. Cancer cells use these signaling pathways to promote cell division, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the maintenance of cancer stem-like cells. Proteoglycans play a crucial role in the biochemical and mechanical properties of the cellular extracellular matrix, where they control cellular behavior via interacting with transmembrane receptors. For TFPI.fXa complexes, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) may serve as the primary receptor for uptake and degradation. The regulation of TF expression, TF signaling mechanisms, their pathogenic effects, and their therapeutic targeting in cancer are all covered in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Janes Efing
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Department, University Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53225 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
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9
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Antibody-drug conjugates in lung cancer: dawn of a new era? NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:5. [PMID: 36631624 PMCID: PMC9834242 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one of fastest growing classes of oncology drugs in modern drug development. By harnessing the powers of both cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy, ADCs are unique in offering the potential to deliver highly potent cytotoxic agents to cancer cells which express a pre-defined cell surface target. In lung cancer, the treatment paradigm has shifted dramatically in recent years, and now ADCs are now joining the list as potential options for lung cancer patients. Since 2020, the first ADC for NSCLC patients has been FDA-approved (trastuzumab deruxtecan) and two ADCs have been granted FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation, currently under evaluation (patritumab deruxtecan, telisotuzumab vedotin). Furthermore, several early-phase trials are assessing various novel ADCs, either as monotherapy or in combinations with advanced lung cancer, and more selective and potent ADCs are expected to become therapeutic options in clinic soon. In this review, we discuss the structure and mechanism of action of ADCs, including insights from pre-clinical work; we summarize the ADCs' recent progress in lung cancer, describe toxicity profiles of ADCs, and explore strategies designed to enhance ADC potency and overcome resistance. In addition, we discuss novel ADC strategies of interest in lung cancer, including non-cytotoxic payloads, such as immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic agents.
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10
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Rath B, Plangger A, Klameth L, Hochmair M, Ulsperger E, Boeckx B, Neumayer C, Hamilton G. Small cell lung cancer: circulating tumor cell lines and expression of mediators of angiogenesis and coagulation. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:355-365. [PMID: 37205313 PMCID: PMC10185438 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Coagulation is frequently activated in cancer patients and has been correlated with an unfavorable prognosis. To evaluate whether a putative release of tissue factor (TF) by circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represents a target to impair the dissemination of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the expression of relevant proteins in a panel of permanent SCLC and SCLC CTC cell lines that have been established at the Medical University of Vienna. Methods Five CTC and SCLC lines were analyzed using a TF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, RNA sequencing, and western blot arrays covering 55 angiogenic mediators. Furthermore, the influence of topotecan and epirubicin as well as hypoxia-like conditions on the expression of these mediators was investigated. Results The results demonstrate that the SCLC CTC cell lines express no significant amounts of active TF but thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 in two cases. The major difference between the SCLC and SCLC CTC cell lines found was the loss of the expression of angiogenin in the blood-derived CTC lines. Topotecan and epirubicin decreased the expression of VEGF, whereas hypoxia-like conditions upregulated VEGF. Conclusions Active TF capable of triggering coagulation seems not to be expressed in SCLC CTC cell lines in significant levels and, thus, CTC-derived TF seems dispensable for dissemination. Nevertheless, all CTC lines form large spheroids, termed tumorospheres, which may become trapped in clots of the microvasculature and extravasate in this supportive microenvironment. The contribution of clotting to the protection and dissemination of CTCs in SCLC may be different from other solid tumors such as breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rath
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelina Plangger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Klameth
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Hochmair
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Hospital Floridsdorf, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bram Boeckx
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 3580 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hamilton
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: Gerhard Hamilton, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Street 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Moik F, Ay C. Hemostasis and cancer: Impact of haemostatic biomarkers for the prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2733-2745. [PMID: 36106749 PMCID: PMC9827869 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cancer are characterized by a dysregulation of the hemostatic system and systemic hypercoagulability. Different components of the hemostatic system are involved in tumor-promoting mechanisms including primary tumor growth, cancer cell invasion, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and the metastatic process. Therefore, different degrees of systemic hemostatic activation in patients with cancer can reflect distinct underlying biological phenotypes of cancer and seem to correlate with cancer aggressiveness. Peripheral blood levels of hemostatic biomarkers, indicating the activation status of different parts of the hemostatic system including the coagulation cascade, fibrinolytic activity, platelet activation, or endothelial activation, can be used to reflect cancer-associated systemic hypercoagulability. Thereby, hemostatic biomarkers represent promising candidates to investigate as surrogate markers for underlying cancer activity and progression dynamics and therefore as biomarkers for the prediction of clinical outcomes in cancer patients. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date summary of available data on hemostatic biomarkers for prognostication of overall survival and prediction of therapy response in patients with cancer, including specific oncologic treatment settings for potential clinical application. We provide a thorough discussion on potential clinical implementation and current limitations and highlight the most promising emerging biomarkers that might be used to contribute to risk-stratified, personalized oncologic decision making in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Moik
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Cihan Ay
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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12
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Lin M, Lu Y, Yu Q, Chen Z, Peng J, Cai X. Common genetic driver mutation in NSCLC and their association with thromboembolic events: A retrospective study. Lung Cancer 2022; 172:29-34. [PMID: 35986977 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This retrospective study aimed to estimate the incidence, risk factors of thromboembolism events (TEs) in non-small cell lung cancer patients harboring common gene mutation, and evaluate a genetic link between oncogenes and the risk of TEs in Asian patients with NSCLC. METHODS Univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression models were used to identify the strongest predictors of TE development and evaluate the risk of TE in patients with different gene statuses of NSCLC patients. RESULTS In univariate and multivariate COX analysis, patient with squamous cell carcinoma (HR 3.01, 95% CI: [1.06,8.56]; p = 0.039), multi-site metastases (HR: 2.72; 95% CI: [1.08,6.92]; p = 0.032) or high white blood cell (WBC) (HR 3.24, 95% CI: [1.46,7.22]; p = 0.004), less hemoglobin (HGB) (HR 4.89, 95% CI: [1.90,12.64]; p = 0.001), are at higher risk of thrombosis. At the molecular level, ROS and ALK rearrangement is highly associated with TE development, with HR of 4.04 (95%CI: [1.54,10.58]; p = 0.005) and HR of 3.57 (95% CI: [1.01,12.66]; p = 0.049) in univariate analysis, and even higher in multivariate analysis. EGFR mutations seem to be a protective factor against TE in univariate analyses (HR:0.28, 95%CI [0.12,0.65], p = 0.003) but are not statistically significant in the multivariate model. No correlation between KRAS mutations and TE events in both models. Besides, a numerically higher cumulative incidence of thrombosis event was observed in patients who used TKI (HR 1.473; 95% CI: [0.682, 3.181]; p = 0.32). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that driver gene mutation may increase the risk of thrombosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients. The presence of ALK/ROS rearrangements in our study is associated with an approximately threefold to fourfold increase in thrombosis risk in NSCLC patients. For advanced-stage patients who used TKI, an increased incidence of thrombosis risk and shorter follow-up were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaozhen Lin
- Department of VIP Inpatient, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Lu
- Department of VIP Inpatient, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou China
| | - Jiayu Peng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou China
| | - Xiuyu Cai
- Department of VIP Inpatient, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Tissue factor (TF), an initiator of extrinsic coagulation pathway, is positively correlated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) of tumor patients. Beyond thrombosis, TF plays a vital role in tumor progression. TF is highly expressed in cancer tissues and circulating tumor cell (CTC), and activates factor VIIa (FVIIa), which increases tumor cells proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells(CSCs) activity. Furthermore, TF and TF-positive microvesicles (TF+MVs) activate the coagulation system to promote the clots formation with non-tumor cell components (e.g., platelets, leukocytes, fibrin), which makes tumor cells adhere to clots to form CTC clusters. Then, tumor cells utilize clots to cause its reducing fluid shear stress (FSS), anoikis resistance, immune escape, adhesion, extravasation and colonization. Herein, we review in detail that how TF signaling promotes tumor metastasis, and how TF-targeted therapeutic strategies are being in the preclinical and clinical trials.
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14
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Identification of hub genes, modules and biological pathways associated with lung adenocarcinoma: A system biology approach. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Tawil N, Rak J. Blood coagulation and cancer genes. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2022; 35:101349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2022.101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Mantha S, Rak J. Cancer genetic alterations and risk of venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2022; 213 Suppl 1:S29-S34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Association between genetic mutations and risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with solid tumor malignancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res 2022; 213:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Functional Characteristics and Regulated Expression of Alternatively Spliced Tissue Factor: An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184652. [PMID: 34572880 PMCID: PMC8471299 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In human and mouse, alternative splicing of tissue factor's primary transcript yields two mRNA species: one features all six TF exons and encodes full-length tissue factor (flTF), and the other lacks exon 5 and encodes alternatively spliced tissue factor (asTF). flTF, which is oftentimes referred to as "TF", is an integral membrane glycoprotein due to the presence of an alpha-helical domain in its C-terminus, while asTF is soluble due to the frameshift resulting from the joining of exon 4 directly to exon 6. In this review, we focus on asTF-the more recently discovered isoform of TF that appears to significantly contribute to the pathobiology of several solid malignancies. There is currently a consensus in the field that asTF, while dispensable to normal hemostasis, can activate a subset of integrins on benign and malignant cells and promote outside-in signaling eliciting angiogenesis; cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; and monocyte recruitment. We provide a general overview of the pioneering, as well as more recent, asTF research; discuss the current concepts of how asTF contributes to cancer progression; and open a conversation about the emerging utility of asTF as a biomarker and a therapeutic target.
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19
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Reuss JE, Gosa L, Liu SV. Antibody Drug Conjugates in Lung Cancer: State of the Current Therapeutic Landscape and Future Developments. Clin Lung Cancer 2021; 22:483-499. [PMID: 34420859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While both targeted therapy and immunotherapy-based strategies have emerged as frontline standard-of-care for patients with advanced lung cancer, acquired resistance and disease progression remain inevitable in most cases. Chemotherapy is a common salvage option in this scenario, but is limited by a relatively narrow therapeutic index. The emergence of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) offer an appealing alternative. ADCs couple the specificity of a monoclonal antibody with the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy to facilitate the targeted delivery of cytotoxic payloads directly to cancer cells. Here, we review the general structure and function of ADCs, followed by a discussion of emerging ADCs in lung cancer and the future applications of this increasingly relevant class of novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Reuss
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
| | - Laura Gosa
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Stephen V Liu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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20
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Hisada Y, Mackman N. Tissue Factor and Extracellular Vesicles: Activation of Coagulation and Impact on Survival in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153839. [PMID: 34359742 PMCID: PMC8345123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tissue factor (TF)-factor VIIa complex is the major physiological initiator of blood coagulation. Tumors express TF and release TF-positive extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation, and this is associated with the activation of coagulation. Circulating levels of EVTF activity may be a useful biomarker to identify patients at risk for thrombosis. Tumor TF and TF-positive EVs are also associated with reduced survival. Abstract Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a receptor for FVII/FVIIa and initiates the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Tumors and cancer cells express TF that can be released in the form of TF positive (TF+) extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we summarize the studies of tumor TF and TF + EVs, and their association with activation of coagulation and survival in cancer patients. We also summarize the role of tumor-derived TF + EVs in venous thrombosis in mouse models. Levels of tumor TF and TF + EVs are associated with venous thromboembolism in pancreatic cancer patients. In addition, levels of EVTF activity are associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation in cancer patients. Furthermore, tumor-derived TF + EVs enhance venous thrombosis in mice. Tumor TF and TF + EVs are also associated with worse survival in cancer patients, particularly in pancreatic cancer patients. These studies indicate that EVTF activity could be used as a biomarker to identify pancreatic cancer patients at risk for venous thrombosis and cancer patients at risk for disseminated intravascular coagulation. EVTF activity may also be a useful prognostic biomarker in cancer patients.
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21
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Qian X, Fu M, Zheng J, Zhou J, Zhou J. Driver Genes Associated With the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:680191. [PMID: 33996610 PMCID: PMC8117344 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.680191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between driver genes and the incidence of thromboembolic events (TEs) in patients diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) needs to be quantified to guide clinical management. METHODS We interrogated PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases for terms related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thromboembolism (ATE) in patients diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer harboring driver genes. This search was conducted for studies published between 1 January, 2000 and 31 December, 2020. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to analyze the pooled incidence and odds ratios of VTE in patients with different driver genes. RESULTS Of the 2,742 citations identified, a total of 25 studies that included 21,156 patients met eligibility criteria. The overall pooled incidence of VTE in patients with driver genes was 23% (95% CI 18-29). Patients with ROS1 rearrangements had the highest incidence of VTE (37%, 95%CI 23-52). ALK rearrangements were associated with increased VTE risks (OR=2.08,95% CI 1.69-2.55), with the second highest incidence of VTE (27%, 95%CI 20-35). Both groups of patients with EGFR and KRAS mutations did not show a significantly increased risk for VTE (OR=1.33, 95% CI 0.75-2.34; OR=1.31, 95% CI 0.40-4.28). CONCLUSIONS ALK rearrangements were shown to be associated with increased VTE risks in patients diagnosed with non-small lung cancer, while there was no significant relation observed between VTE risks and EGFR or KRAS mutations in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Liu X, Zhang Y. Bioinformatics Analysis of Dysregulated MicroRNA-Messenger RNA Networks in Small Cell Lung Cancer. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify a key module of differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) together with the corresponding differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) within small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Linear models were applied to ascertain the DE-miRNAs and DE-mRNAs in SCLC
versus matched non-carcinoma samples obtained from the RNA expression datasets of GSE19945, GSE74190 and GSE6044. The common DE-miRNAs were identified using the Venn plot. Then, 3 databases were used to retrieve the DE-miRNAs target genes, and the intersection was taken for validating the
shared target genes. Besides, Cytoscape was utilized for constructing the miRNAmRNA network for SCLC. Finally, a key module of five DE-miRNAs and four hub genes was determined based on the degree. In addition, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses
were conducted for exploring those hub genes in terms of their functions along with the involved signal transduction pathways. Altogether 106 shared DE-miRNAs were identified, which were used to predict 63 common target genes. In addition, a key module of five DE-miRNAs (hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-20a-5p,
hsa-miR-20b-5p, hsa-miR-93-5p and hsa-miR- 106b-5p) and four hub genes (SOX4, DPYSL2, TGFBR2 and F3) were extracted from the miRNAmRNA network according to their degree. Finally, the hub genes were subjected to GO as well as KEGG analysis, which revealed that cell cycle G1/S phase transition,
the extracellular matrix, and cellular senescence signaling pathways exerted vial parts during SCLC progression. A key module of five DE-miRNAs and four hub genes may be potentially used as clinical biomarkers to predict SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingsheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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23
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Hsieh KY, Tsai JY, Lin YH, Chang FR, Wang HC, Wu CC. Golden berry 4β-hydroxywithanolide E prevents tumor necrosis factor α-induced procoagulant activity with enhanced cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4610. [PMID: 33633307 PMCID: PMC7907079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment is positively correlated with cancer progression and metastasis as well as the risk of thromboembolism in lung cancer patients. Here we show, in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, the master inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) induced tissue factor expression and procoagulant activity, and these effects were potently inhibited by 4β-hydroxywithanolide E (4HW), a natural compound isolated from Physalis peruviana. Furthermore, combination of 4HW and TNF-α caused synergistic cytotoxicity against NSCLC cells by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. The underlying mechanism by which 4HW reverses the procoagulant effect of TNF-α but enhances its cytotoxic effect appears to be due to inhibition of NF-κB, which is a key switch for both inflammation-induced coagulation and cell survival. Our results suggest that 4HW may have a potential application for treating inflammation-derived cancer progression and cancer-associated hypercoagulable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan-Yen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ying Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Han Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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24
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Yang S, Yang L, Wu Y, Zhang C, Wang S, Ma N, Wang L, Wang Q. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement may increase the incidence of venous thromboembolism by increasing tissue factor expression in advanced lung adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1307. [PMID: 33209887 PMCID: PMC7661863 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients with lung cancer are at an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Approximately 8–15% of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experience a VTE throughout the course of the disease. However, the incidence of VTE in different NSCLC molecular subtypes is rarely reported, although there are significant differences in clinical feature and prognosis. Tissue factor (TF) expressed in many solid tumors could trigger the downstream coagulation cascade and lead to thrombin generation and clot formation. Methods In the present study, retrospective data were obtained from electronic medical records at Henan Cancer Hospital in China between January 2015 and January 2017. Advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and both negative were included in the present study. The incidence of VTE of these patients was calculated. We then randomly selected ALK-rearrangement-positive and -negative lung adenocarcinoma tissues (n=29 and n=26, respectively) and detected TF protein expression via immunohistochemistry. Results At a median follow up of 2.5 years, 5.85% (n=30/513) patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma experienced VTE. Compared to patients with EGFR mutation (n=11/218, 5.05%) or both negative (n=13/266, 4.89%), patients with ALK-rearrangement were more likely to develop VTE (n=6/29, 20.69%; P=0.006, P=0.004; respectively). In ALK-rearrangement-positive tissues, 41.67% (n=10/24) had a high TF protein expression; the incidence was significantly higher than the TF protein expression in ALK-negative tissues (11.54%, n=3/26, P=0.015). Conclusions ALK-rearrangement-positive NSCLC patients are more likely to develop VTE; this might be due to a higher TF expression in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Henan Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Henan Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Leiva O, Connors JM, Al-Samkari H. Impact of Tumor Genomic Mutations on Thrombotic Risk in Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071958. [PMID: 32707653 PMCID: PMC7409200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in patients with cancer and is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in these patients. Early thromboprophylaxis initiated only in those cancer patients at highest risk for VTE would be optimal. Risk stratification scores incorporating tumor location, laboratory values and patient characteristics have attempted to identify those patients most likely to benefit from thromboprophylaxis but even well-validated scores are not able to reliably distinguish the highest-risk patients. Recognizing that tumor genetics affect the biology and behavior of malignancies, recent studies have explored the impact of specific molecular aberrations on the rate of VTE in cancer patients. The presence of certain molecular aberrations in a variety of different cancers, including lung, colon, brain and hematologic tumors, have been associated with an increased risk of VTE and arterial thrombotic events. This review examines the findings of these studies and discusses the implications of these findings on decisions relating to thromboprophylaxis use in the clinical setting. Ultimately, the integration of tumor molecular genomic information into clinical VTE risk stratification scores in cancer patients may prove to be a major advancement in the prevention of cancer-associated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Leiva
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jean M. Connors
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Hematology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hanny Al-Samkari
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-643-6214
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26
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Ortega Morán L, García Alfonso P, Aguilar Caballero I, Morón García B, Tirado Anula V, de Toro Carmena M, Soto Alsar J, Gutiérrez Alonso N, Bringas Beranek M, Martín Jiménez M, Muñoz Martín AJ. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with colorectal cancer according to oncogenic status. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:2026-2031. [PMID: 32270416 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are conflicting data regarding the role of KRAS mutation on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Moreover, the role of other biomarkers such as NRAS or BRAF has not been studied. PURPOSE To analyze the incidence of VTE in a cohort of patients with CRC based on KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF status. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients with unresectable locally advanced and metastatic CRC (mCRC) and known KRAS/NRAS/BRAF status, attended in the Medical Oncology Department of the Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (Madrid, Spain). The primary outcome was VTE defined as any venous thromboembolic event that occurred either 6 months before or at any time after the diagnosis of CRC. The biomarker status (KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF) and other predictors of thrombosis were collected. RESULTS One hundred and ninety-four patients were identified and included in the analysis. Forty-one patients (21.1%) experienced VTE. The incidence was 19.1% in RAS-mutated patients, 28.6% in BRAF-mutated patients and 21% in triple wild-type patients (p = NS). In multivariate analysis, ECOG ≥ 2 was the only independent predictor of VTE (OR 8.73; CI 95% 1.32-57.82; p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS In our study, biomarkers have not been associated with an increased risk of VTE in CRC patients. A high incidence of VTE in BRAF-mutated patients has been observed and should be explored in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ortega Morán
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España.,Cancer and Thrombosis Section, Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), Madrid, Spain
| | - P García Alfonso
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - I Aguilar Caballero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - B Morón García
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - V Tirado Anula
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - M de Toro Carmena
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - J Soto Alsar
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - N Gutiérrez Alonso
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - M Bringas Beranek
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - M Martín Jiménez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - A J Muñoz Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España. .,Cancer and Thrombosis Section, Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Cui S, Li H. [Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis in Thoracic Cancer Patients: Chinese Experts Consensus - Interpretation of Perioperative Hypercoagulable State]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2019; 22:752-756. [PMID: 31874669 PMCID: PMC6935033 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common perioperative complication of lung cancer and a major cause of unexpected death in hospital. The clinical risk factors of VTE include: patients' factors (advanced age, obesity, etc.), tumor-related factors (classification, staging, etc.), treatment-related factors (chemotherapy, surgery, etc.). In addition, tumor cells express cancer procoagulant (CP), tissue factor (TF), inflammatory factors or activate platelets, inflammatory cells and other related cells, directly or indirectly activate the coagulation process, and cause blood hypercoagulable state, thus promote the occurrence of VTE. At the same time, the relevant biomarkers can also reflect the perioperative coagulation status of patients, which is helpful to more accurately identify high-risk subgroups to establish more accurate and targeted anticoagulation strategies to prevent thrombosis in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songping Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Dou F, Zhang Y, Yi J, Zhu M, Zhang S, Zhang D, Zhang Y. Association of ALK rearrangement and risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A prospective cohort study. Thromb Res 2019; 186:36-41. [PMID: 31864154 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated reports are inconsistent regarding the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study examined whether ALK rearrangement could have an influence on VTE in a prospective cohort. METHODS In a cohort of 836 consecutive patients with NSCLC, patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or kitten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutations were ruled out for VTE interference. Finally, 341 qualified patients were observed. The median follow up period is 7.5 months (3.1-15.4m). ALK rearrangement was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization at baseline. RESULTS Overall VTE events occurred in 37 (10.9%) of 341 patients. In multivariable analysis including age, sex, tumor histology, tumor stage, performance status, and ALK status, ALK rearrangement (sub-distribution hazard radio 2.47, 95% confidence interval 1.04-5.90) was associated with the increased risk of VTE. The cumulative incidence of VTE was 26.9% and 9.2% in the patients with and without ALK rearrangement after 6 months. After 1 year the corresponding cumulative incidence was 26.9% and 9.7% respectively (Gray test P = .005). CONCLUSIONS The presence of ALK rearrangement is associated with increased risk of VTE in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Dou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jiawen Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, China.
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29
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Chen QQ, Shi JM, Ding Z, Xia Q, Zheng TS, Ren YB, Li M, Fan LH. Berberine induces apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer cells by upregulating miR-19a targeting tissue factor. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:9005-9015. [PMID: 31695492 PMCID: PMC6814314 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s207677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Berberine (BBR) from the widely used Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian has an array of pharmacological and biochemical properties, including anti-neoplastic activity. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these properties are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-tumor mechanisms of BBR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The effects of BBR on NSCLC tumor development and programmed cell death were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. Luciferase reporter assays were used to determine whether tissue factor (TF) was a target of miR-19a. Results BBR suppressed NSCLC growth and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells by modulating miR-19a and TF expression. Luciferase assays showed that TF was a direct inhibitory target of miR-19a in NSCLC cells. BBR induced apoptosis through the miR-19a/TF/MAPK axis. Conclusion The results suggest that BBR induces apoptosis of NSCLC cells via the miR-19a/TF/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Min Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bei Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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30
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Hisada Y, Mackman N. Tissue Factor and Cancer: Regulation, Tumor Growth, and Metastasis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2019; 45:385-395. [PMID: 31096306 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1687894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong relationship between tissue factor (TF) and cancer. Many cancer cells express high levels of both full-length TF and alternatively spliced (as) TF. TF expression in cancer is associated with poor prognosis. In this review, the authors summarize the regulation of TF expression in cancer cells and the roles of TF and asTF in tumor growth and metastasis. A variety of different signaling pathways, transcription factors and micro ribonucleic acids regulate TF gene expression in cancer cells. The TF/factor VIIa complex enhances tumor growth by activating protease-activated receptor 2 signaling and by increasing the expression of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. AsTF increases tumor growth by enhancing integrin β1 signaling. TF and asTF also contribute to metastasis via multiple thrombin-dependent and independent mechanisms that include protecting tumor cells from natural killer cells. Finally, a novel anticancer therapy is using tumor TF as a target to deliver cytotoxic drugs to the tumor. TF may be useful in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hisada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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31
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Pan L, Yu Y, Yu M, Yao S, Mu Q, Luo G, Xu N. Expression of flTF and asTF splice variants in various cell strains and tissues. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2077-2086. [PMID: 30664196 PMCID: PMC6390075 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) expressed at the protein level includes two isoforms: The membrane-bound full-length TF (flTF) and the soluble alternatively spliced TF (asTF). flTF is the major thrombogenic form of TF, whereas asTF is more closely associated with tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and cell growth. In order to further investigate the different expression and functions of TF splice variants, the expression of these two splice variants were detected in numerous cell strains and tissues in the present study. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the transcript levels of the TF variants in 11 human cell lines, including cervical cancer, breast cancer, hepatoblastoma, colorectal cancer and umbilical vein cells, and five types of tissue specimen, including placenta, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer (alongside normal cervical tissues) and non-small cell lung cancer (alongside adjacent and normal tissues). Furthermore, the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and apolipoprotein M (apoM) on the two variants were investigated. The results demonstrated that flTF was the major form of TF, and the mRNA expression levels of flTF were higher than those of asTF in all specimens tested. CDCA significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of the two variants. Furthermore, overexpression of apoM promoted the expression levels of asTF in Caco-2 cells. The mRNA expression levels of asTF in cervical cancer tissues were significantly higher than in the corresponding normal tissues. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to compare the expression of flTF and asTF in various samples. The results demonstrated that CDCA and apoM may modulate TF isoforms in different cell lines, and suggested that asTF may serve a role in the pathophysiological mechanism underlying cervical cancer development. In conclusion, the TF isoforms serve important and distinct roles in pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Pan
- Comprehensive Laboratory, Changzhou Key Lab of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment Associated with High Technology Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, Changzhou Key Lab of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment Associated with High Technology Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Miaomei Yu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, Changzhou Key Lab of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment Associated with High Technology Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Yao
- Comprehensive Laboratory, Changzhou Key Lab of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment Associated with High Technology Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Qinfeng Mu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, Changzhou Key Lab of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment Associated with High Technology Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Comprehensive Laboratory, Changzhou Key Lab of Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment Associated with High Technology Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Hospital, S‑221 85 Lund, Sweden
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32
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Tawil N, Chennakrishnaiah S, Bassawon R, Johnson R, D'Asti E, Rak J. Single cell coagulomes as constituents of the oncogene-driven coagulant phenotype in brain tumours. Thromb Res 2018; 164 Suppl 1:S136-S142. [PMID: 29703472 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular profiling of human cancers revealed a startling diversity in disease-causing mechanisms superseding histological and anatomical commonalities. The emerging molecular subtypes and disease entities are often driven by distinct oncogenic pathways and their effectors, including those acting extracellularly on the vascular and coagulation systems. Indeed, several oncogenic mutations such as those affecting protein-coding genes (RAS, EGFR, PTEN, TP53) and non-coding RNA (microRNA) regulate multiple effectors of the coagulation system (coagulome), including tissue factor, protease activated receptors, clotting factors, mediators of platelet function and fibrinolysis. This is exemplified by differential coagulome profiles in the molecular subtypes of glioblastoma, medulloblastoma and other human tumours. There is mounting clinical evidence that the mutational status of cancer driver genes such as KRAS or IDH1 may influence the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with colorectal, lung or brain cancers. Notably, single cell sequencing in glioblastoma revealed a remarkable intra-tumoural heterogeneity of cancer cell populations with regard to their individual coagulomes, suggesting a combinatorial and dynamic nature of the global pro-thrombotic phenotype. We suggest that the cellular complexity of specific cancers may define their mechanisms of interactions with the coagulation system, and the risks of thrombosis. Thus, more biologically- based, disease-specific and personalized approaches may be needed to diagnose and manage cancer-related thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Tawil
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, RI MUHC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Rayhaan Bassawon
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, RI MUHC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Radia Johnson
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, RI MUHC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Esterina D'Asti
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, RI MUHC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, RI MUHC, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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33
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Dou F, Li H, Zhu M, Liang L, Zhang Y, Yi J, Zhang Y. Association between oncogenic status and risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Respir Res 2018; 19:88. [PMID: 29743116 PMCID: PMC5944093 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical data suggest that oncogene (EGFR and KRAS) events regulate tumor procoagulant activity. However, few studies have prospectively investigated the clinical relevance between the presence of EGFR or KRAS mutations and occurrence of venous thromboembolism(VTE) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 605 Chinese patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC were included and were followed for a maximum period of 4.5 years. EGFR and KRAS mutations were determined by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction method at inclusion. The main outcome was objectively confirmed VTE. Results Of the 605 patients, 40.3% (244) had EGFR mutations and 10.2% (62) of patients had KRAS mutations. In multivariable analysis including age, sex, tumor histology, tumor stage, performance status, EGFR and KRAS status, EGFR wild-type (sub-distribution hazard ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.07–3.07) were associated with the increased risk of VTE. In competing risk analysis, the probability of developing VTE was 8.3% in those with and 13.2% in those without EGFR mutations after 1 year; after 2 years, the corresponding risks were 9.7 and 15.5% (Gray test P = 0.047). Conclusions EGFR mutations have a negative association with the risk of VTE in Chinese patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Dou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lirong Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jiawen Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China.
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34
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Wang Z, Fu J, Diao D, Dang C. Plasma D-dimer level in the perioperative period in non-small-cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2018; 2:207-212. [PMID: 27755844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1759-7714.2011.00055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been little research on perioperative hypercoagulability in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. The D-dimer can be used to evaluate the hypercoagulability in cancer patients. METHODS Eighty-five non-small-cell lung cancer patients were included in the study. The plasma D-dimer levels during the preoperative and 3rd and 9th day postoperative period were prospectively examined and analyzed along with the clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS The medians (interquartile range) of the preoperative, 3rd and 9th day postoperative D-dimer levels were 1.09 (0.77) mg/L, 3.35 (2.31) mg/L and 4.1 (2.55) mg/L respectively (P= 0.00). The preoperative D-dimer level was related with the stage (P= 0.004). The preoperative and the 3rd day postoperative D-dimer levels were both related to patient age (P= 0.014, P= 0.034). The 3rd day postoperative D-dimer levels were arbitrarily stratified into three groups, adenocarcinoma dominated the high and low groups while squamous cell carcinoma dominated the median one (exact P= 0.02). The pneumonectomy group did not show a higher 3rd day postoperative D-dimer level than the lobectomy group (P= 0.064). CONCLUSION Non-small-cell lung cancer patients had increasing hypercoagulability within the first 9 postoperative days. Preoperative hypercoagulability was close related with tumor stage. Heterogeneity existed among postoperative hypercoagulability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaOncology Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junke Fu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaOncology Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongmei Diao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaOncology Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaOncology Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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35
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Zhang Q, Wang H, Li H, Xu J, Tian K, Yang J, Lu Z, Zheng J. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T Cells inhibit the growth and metastases of established tissue factor-positive tumors in NOG mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9488-9499. [PMID: 28055955 PMCID: PMC5354747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cell (CAR T) is a promising therapeutic option for patients with cancer. Such an approach requires the identification of tumor-specific antigen targets that are expressed in solid tumors. We developed a new third-generation CAR directed against tissue factor (TF), a surface molecule overexpressed in some types of lung cancer, melanoma and other cancers. First, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that TF was overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma using a human tissue microarray. In the presence of TF-positive cancer cells, the CAR-modified T cells (TF-CAR T) were highly activated and showed specific cytotoxicity to TF-positive cancer cells in vitro. In established s.c. xenograft and lung metastasis models, TF-CAR T cells could significantly suppress the growth of s.c. xenograft and metastasis of TF-positive cancer cells. Additionally, the safety evaluation of TF-CAR T cells in vivo showed that the treatment did not cause obvious toxicity in mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that TF-CAR T cells might be a novel potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with TF-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Jinjing Xu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Kang Tian
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
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Tieken C, Verboom MC, Ruf W, Gelderblom H, Bovée JVMG, Reitsma PH, Cleton-Jansen AM, Versteeg HH. Tissue factor associates with survival and regulates tumour progression in osteosarcoma. Thromb Haemost 2016; 115:1025-33. [PMID: 26763081 DOI: 10.1160/th15-07-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour. Patients often develop lung metastasis and have a poor prognosis despite extensive chemotherapy and surgical resections. Tissue Factor is associated with poor clinical outcome in a wide range of cancer types, and promotes angiogenesis and metastasis. The role of Tissue Factor in OS tumourigenesis is unknown. Fifty-three osteosarcoma pre-treatment biopsies and four osteosarcoma cell lines were evaluated for Tissue Factor expression, and a possible association with clinical parameters was investigated. Tissue Factor function was inhibited in an osteosarcoma cell line (143B) by shRNA knockdown or specific antibodies, and pro-tumourigenic gene expression, proliferation, matrigel invasion and transwell migration was examined. 143B cells were implanted in mice in the presence of Tissue Factor-blocking antibodies, and tumour volume, micro-vessel density and metastases in the lung were evaluated. Tissue Factor was highly expressed in 73.6 % of osteosarcoma biopsies, and expression associated significantly with disease-free survival. Tissue Factor was expressed in all four investigated cell lines. Tissue Factor was knocked down in 143B cells, which led to reduced expression of IL-8, CXCL-1, SNAIL and MMP2, but not MMP9. Tissue Factor knockdown or inhibition with antibodies reduced matrigel invasion. Tissue Factor antibodies limited 143B tumour growth in vivo, and resulted in decreased intra-tumoural micro-vessel density. Furthermore, lung metastasis from the primary tumour was significantly reduced. Thus, Tissue Factor expression in osteosarcoma reduces metastasis-free survival in patients, and increases pro-tumourigenic behaviour both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henri H Versteeg
- Henri H. Versteeg, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands, Tel.: +31 715263872, Fax: +31 71526755, E-mail:
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Liang X, Li ZL, Jiang LL, Guo QQ, Liu MJ, Nan KJ. Suppression of lung cancer cell invasion by LKB1 is due to the downregulation of tissue factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, partly dependent on SP1. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1989-97. [PMID: 24647869 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
LKB1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase generally inactivated in many human cancers, which mediates cancer cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Recent studies indicated that LKB1 exhibits potent anti-metastatic activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this activity remain unclear. In this study, we re‑introduced LKB1 into A549 lung cancer cells that lack the LKB1 gene to investigate how LKB1 affects tumor invasiveness and metastasis. We demonstrated that overexpression of the LKB1 protein in lung cancer cells resulted in significant inhibition of invasion. Furthermore, transfected lung cancer cells with LKB1 suppressed tissue factor (TF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Here, we provided evidence showing that downregulation of TF and VEGF by LKB1 is correlated well with the inhibition of cell invasion. Overexpression of the LKB1 protein in human lung cancer is significantly associated with a decrease in activity and expression of the transcription factor SP1. Constitutive activation of the transcription factor Sp1 plays a critical role in TF and VEGF overexpression. We conclude that suppression of lung cancer cell invasion by LKB1 through downregulation of TF and VEGF may partly depend on its inhibitory effect on the transcription factor Sp1. Collectively, our data provide a novel molecular mechanism for the antitumor activity of LKB1 and may help further improve its effectiveness in controlling lung cancer growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Lun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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YU YONGJIANG, HOU XUDONG, LI YUMIN. Effect of tissue factor knockdown on the growth, invasion, chemoresistance and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1376-1382. [PMID: 24940442 PMCID: PMC3991493 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of tissue factor (TF) and evaluate its antitumor effects in the biological processes of gastric cancer cells using the application of RNA interference technology to silence TF in the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line. Specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed for targeting human TF was transfected into SGC7901 cells. The expression levels of TF in the cells were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation and chemosensitivity were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8. The metastatic potential of the SGC7901 cells was determined by Transwell experiments and wound-healing assays. Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double-staining method. The expression levels of TF mRNA were significantly reduced by the TF-siRNA in the SGC7901 cells, resulting in the suppression of cell proliferation, chemoresistance and invasion, and subsequently the induction of cell apoptosis. TF knockdown with siRNA inhibits the growth, invasion and chemoresistance and enhances the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells, providing a potential approach for gene therapy against human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- YONG-JIANG YU
- Department of General Surgery, The 1st Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - XU-DONG HOU
- Department of General Surgery, The 1st Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - YU-MIN LI
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730020, P.R. China
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Mutations in NSCLC and their link with lung cancer-associated thrombosis: A case-control study. Thromb Res 2014; 133:48-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, are common problems experienced by patients with lung cancer that can impact treatment plans, prognoses, and survival. Patients with lung cancer are at greatest risk for development of VTE in the ambulatory care treatment setting. Literature does exist on VTE management for medical and surgical oncology inpatients, as well as clinical guidelines for inpatient prophylaxis; however, published evidence is lacking on outpatient risk and thromboprophylaxis in medical oncology outpatients, particularly patients with lung cancer. Because patients with lung cancer treated in the ambulatory setting have established risks for VTE, they may benefit from thromboprophylaxis. Clinical guidelines for outpatient thromboprophylaxis direct the clinical practice for thromboprophylaxis in lung cancer treatment. The purpose of the current article is to explore the VTE risks associated with ambulatory lung cancer treatment and to review the recommended guidelines for thromboprophylaxis to guide clinical decision making for patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Cavaliere
- Jefferson School of Nursing, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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The proangiogenic phenotype of natural killer cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Neoplasia 2013; 15:133-42. [PMID: 23441128 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment can polarize innate immune cells to a proangiogenic phenotype. Decidual natural killer (dNK) cells show an angiogenic phenotype, yet the role for NK innate lymphoid cells in tumor angiogenesis remains to be defined. We investigated NK cells from patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and controls using flow cytometric and functional analyses. The CD56(+)CD16(-) NK subset in NSCLC patients, which represents the predominant NK subset in tumors and a minor subset in adjacent lung and peripheral blood, was associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PIGF), and interleukin-8 (IL-8)/CXCL8 production. Peripheral blood CD56(+)CD16(-) NK cells from patients with the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) subtype showed higher VEGF and PlGF production compared to those from patients with adenocarcinoma (AdC) and controls. Higher IL-8 production was found for both SCC and AdC compared to controls. Supernatants derived from NSCLC CD56(+)CD16(-) NK cells induced endothelial cell chemotaxis and formation of capillary-like structures in vitro, particularly evident in SCC patients and absent from controls. Finally, exposure to transforming growth factor-β(1) (TGFβ(1)), a cytokine associated with dNK polarization, upregulated VEGF and PlGF in peripheral blood CD56(+)CD16(-) NK cells from healthy subjects. Our data suggest that NK cells in NSCLC act as proangiogenic cells, particularly evident for SCC and in part mediated by TGFβ(1).
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Fleitas T, Martínez-Sales V, Vila V, Reganon E, Mesado D, Martín M, Gómez-Codina J, Montalar J, Reynés G. VEGF and TSP1 levels correlate with prognosis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 15:897-902. [PMID: 23463593 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a need for biomarkers that may help in selecting the most effective anticancer treatments for each patient. We have investigated the prognostic value of a set of angiogenesis, inflammation and coagulation markers in patients treated for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 60 patients before first line platinum-based chemotherapy ± bevacizumab, and after the third cycle of treatment. Blood samples from 60 healthy volunteers were also obtained as controls. Angiogenesis, inflammation and coagulation markers vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), their soluble receptors 1 (VEGFR1) and 2 (VEGFR2), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), interleukin-6 (IL6), sialic acid (SA) and tissue factor (TF) were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Except for TSP-1, pre- and post-treatment levels of all markers were higher in patients than in controls (p < 0.05). There was a positive and significant correlation between VEGF and VEGFR2 before treatment. VEGF also correlated with inflammatory markers IL-6 and SA. Moreover, there was a positive and significant correlation between levels of VEGFR1 and TF. Decreased levels of TSP-1 and increased levels of VEGF were associated with shorter survival. Bevacizumab significantly modified angiogenesis parameters and caused a decrease of VEGF and an increase of TSP-1. CONCLUSION Angiogenesis, inflammation and coagulation markers were increased in NSCLC patients. Increased levels of VEGF and low levels of TSP-1 correlated with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fleitas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda Blasco Ibañez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain,
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Effects of autocrine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:3093-9. [PMID: 23459872 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It is reported that the autocrine loop of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is crucial for the survival and proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. In this study we aimed to systematically investigate the role of autocrine vascular VEGF in NSCLC cell line A549 through inhibition of endogenous VEGF. A549 cells were transfected with florescence-labeled VEGF oligodeoxynucleotide with lipofectamine. For the experimental group, cells were transfected with VEGF anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN), sense oligodeoxynucleotide (SODN) and mutant oligodeoxynuleotide (MODN) respectively. For the control group cells were mock transfected with lipofectamine or culture medium. At indicated time point after transfection, the expression levels of VEGF mRNA and protein in A549 cells were analyzed by RT-PCR and ELISA respectively. Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry. As revealed by RT-PCR assay, the mRNA level of VEGF in cells transfected with ASDON was significantly lower than the other four groups (P < 0.05) at 24 and 48 h after transfection. ELISA assay yielded similar result with significantly decreased level of VEGF protein expression (P < 0.05). The survival fraction of A549 cells transfected with ASDON was significantly lower than the other four groups (P < 0.05) at 24 h after transfection. Also the percentage of G2 phase cells of ASODN group was significantly lower than other four groups. Our data indicate that VEGF expression is efficiently inhibited in A549 cells by ASODN transfection and this inhibition leads to inhibited cell growth and impaired cell cycle distribution.
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Garnier D, Magnus N, D'Asti E, Hashemi M, Meehan B, Milsom C, Rak J. Genetic pathways linking hemostasis and cancer. Thromb Res 2012; 129 Suppl 1:S22-9. [PMID: 22682129 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(12)70012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic events impact interactions of cancer cells with their surroundings. Amongst the most consequential, in this regard, is the influence on angiogenesis, inflammation and hemostasis. Indeed, mutant oncogenes (EGFR, HER2, RAS, MET, PML-RARα) are known to alter the expression of angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors, as well as change the cancer cell coagulome, including the levels of tissue factor (TF) and other mediators (PAI-1, COX2). Accompanying losses of tumour suppressor genes (PTEN, p53), and changes in microRNA (miR-19b, miR-520) facilitate these effects. Transforming genes may also trigger ectopic production of coagulation factors (e.g. FVII) by cancer cells and their release and properties of procoagulant microparticles (MPs). By deregulating protease activated receptors (PAR1/2) oncogenes may also change tumour cell responses to coagulation factor signalling. These changes act in concert with microenvironmental factors (hypoxia), stress responses (therapy) and differentiation programs, including epithelial-to-mesechymal transitions (EMT) and through tumour initiating cell (TIC) compartment. In so doing, the coagulation system influences early (initiation, angiogenesis), intermediate (growth, invasion) and late stages (metastasis, relapse) of cancer progression. In fact, TF may act as a molecular switch that controls the transition between dormant, latent and progressive/metastatic disease. TIC-like cells may play a role in these effects, as they express TF and PAR-1/2, and respond to stimulation with their agonists. As major human malignancies (e.g. glioblastoma) are increasingly recognized to consist of a spectrum of molecularly distinct disease subtypes driven by specific genetic pathways, so too may their patterns of interaction differ with the coagulation system. A better understanding of these linkages may be a source of new diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic opportunities.
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Sui G, Ma X, Liu S, Niu H, Dong Q. Study of the correlation between H-ras mutation and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2012. [PMID: 23205100 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between H-ras mutation and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to describe the role of H-ras mutation in carcinogenesis. Clinical samples of 69 patients were collected and the expression levels of H-ras in HCC and the surrounding normal tissues were examined using HotStarTaq PCR. H-ras mutation was further analyzed using the PCR direct sequencing method. The results showed that H-ras mutation was present in 49 samples (49/69, 71.01%), of which 19 had codon 40 mutated from CTA to CTG and 30 had codon 61 mutated from GGC to AGC. By contrast, only 2 mutations were found in the normal tumor-adjacent tissues. The H-ras mutation rate in the high-risk of metastatic recurrence group was markedly higher than that in the low-risk group (P<0.01). The H-ras mutation rate in patients with metastatic recurrence during postoperative follow-up was also significantly higher than that in patients without metastatic recurrence (P<0.01). Based on the above results, the H-ras mutation frequency in cancer tissues is markedly higher compared with that in normal tissues. H-ras mutation may play an important role in the genesis and development of HCC and may serve as a reliable marker for individual comprehensive therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guode Sui
- Departments of Emergency General Surgery and
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Corrales-Rodriguez L, Blais N. Lung cancer associated venous thromboembolic disease: A comprehensive review. Lung Cancer 2012; 75:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The relationship between tissue factor and cancer progression: insights from bench and bedside. Blood 2011; 119:924-32. [PMID: 22065595 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-06-317685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely recognized that a strong correlation exists between cancer and aberrant hemostasis. Patients with various types of cancers, including pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancer, often develop thrombosis, a phenomenon commonly referred to as Trousseau syndrome. Reciprocally, components from the coagulation cascade also influence cancer progression. The primary initiator of coagulation, the transmembrane receptor tissue factor (TF), has gained considerable attention as a determinant of tumor progression. On complex formation with its ligand, coagulation factor VIIa, TF influences protease-activated receptor-dependent tumor cell behavior, and regulates integrin function, which facilitate tumor angiogenesis both in vitro and in mouse models. Furthermore, evidence exists that an alternatively spliced isoform of TF also affects tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. In patient material, TF expression and TF cytoplasmic domain phosphorylation correlate with disease outcome in many, but not in all, cancer subtypes, suggesting that TF-dependent signal transduction events are a potential target for therapeutic intervention in selected types of cancer. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the role of TF in tumor growth and metastasis, and speculate on anticancer therapy by targeting TF.
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Chu AJ. Tissue factor, blood coagulation, and beyond: an overview. Int J Inflam 2011; 2011:367284. [PMID: 21941675 PMCID: PMC3176495 DOI: 10.4061/2011/367284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows a broad spectrum of biological functions of tissue factor (TF). TF classical role in initiating the extrinsic blood coagulation and its direct thrombotic action in close relation to cardiovascular risks have long been established. TF overexpression/hypercoagulability often observed in many clinical conditions certainly expands its role in proinflammation, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, wound repairs, embryonic development, cell adhesion/migration, innate immunity, infection, pregnancy loss, and many others. This paper broadly covers seminal observations to discuss TF pathogenic roles in relation to diverse disease development or manifestation. Biochemically, extracellular TF signaling interfaced through protease-activated receptors (PARs) elicits cellular activation and inflammatory responses. TF diverse biological roles are associated with either coagulation-dependent or noncoagulation-mediated actions. Apparently, TF hypercoagulability refuels a coagulation-inflammation-thrombosis circuit in “autocrine” or “paracrine” fashions, which triggers a wide spectrum of pathophysiology. Accordingly, TF suppression, anticoagulation, PAR blockade, or general anti-inflammation offers an array of therapeutical benefits for easing diverse pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J Chu
- Division of Biological and Physical Sciences, Delta State University, Cleveland, MS 38733, USA
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Xu C, Gui Q, Chen W, Wu L, Sun W, Zhang N, Xu Q, Wang J, Fu X. Small interference RNA targeting tissue factor inhibits human lung adenocarcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:63. [PMID: 21619686 PMCID: PMC3118969 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The human coagulation trigger tissue factor (TF) is overexpressed in several types of cancer and involved in tumor growth, vascularization, and metastasis. To explore the role of TF in biological processes of lung adenocarcinoma, we used RNA interference (RNAi) technology to silence TF in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 with high-level expression of TF and evaluate its antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Methods The specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed for targeting human TF was transfected into A549 cells. The expression of TF was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT and clonogenic assays. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The metastatic potential of A549 cells was determined by wound healing, the mobility and Matrigel invasion assays. Expressions of PI3K/Akt, Erk1/2, VEGF and MMP-2/-9 in transfected cells were detected by Western blot. In vivo, the effect of TF-siRNA on the growth of A549 lung adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude mice was investigated. Results TF -siRNA significantly reduced the expression of TF in the mRNA and protein levels. The down-regulation of TF in A549 cells resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis and induced cell apoptosis in dose-dependent manner. Erk MAPK, PI3K/Akt pathways as well as VEGF and MMP-2/-9 expressions were inhibited in TF-siRNA transfected cells. Moreover, intratumoral injection of siRNA targeting TF suppressed the tumor growth of A549 cells in vivo model of lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusions Down-regulation of TF using siRNA could provide a potential approach for gene therapy against lung adenocarcinoma, and the antitumor effects may be associated with inhibition of Erk MAPK, PI3K/Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Xu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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彭 红, 马 美, 韩 宝. [Survival analysis of 1,742 patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2011; 14:362-6. [PMID: 21496437 PMCID: PMC5999708 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.04.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE At present non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still the leading cause of death induced by cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic factors of advanced NSCLC. METHODS Total 1,742 cases of stage IV NSCLC data from Jan 4, 2000 to Dec 25, 2008 in Shanghai Chest Hospital were collected, confirmed by pathological examinations. Analysis was made to observe the impact of treatment on prognosis in gender, age, smoking history, pathology, classification, clinical TNM stage. Survival rate, survival difference were evaluated by Kaplan-Meire method and Logrank test respectively. The prognosis were analyzed by Cox multivariate regression. RESULTS The median survival time of 1,742 patients was 10.0 months (9.5 months-10.5 months). One, two, three, four, and five-year survival rates were 44%, 22%, 13%, 9%, 6% respectively. The median survivals of single or multiple metastasis were 11 months vs 7 months (P < 0.001). Survival time were different in metastasic organs, with the median survival time as follows: lung for about 12 months (11.0 months-12.9 months), bone for 9 months (8.3 months-9.6 months), brain for 8 months (6.8 months-9.1 months), liver, adrenal gland, distant lymph node metastasis for 5 months (3.8 months-6.1 months), and subcutaneous for 3 months (1.7 months-4.3 months). The median survival times of adenocarcinoma (n=1,086, 62%) and squamous cell carcinoma cases (n=305, 17.5%) were 12 months vs 8 months (P < 0.001). The median survival time of chemotherapy and best supportive care were 11 months vs 6 months (P < 0.001); the median survival times of with and without radiotherapy were 11 months vs 9 months (P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS Gender, age, gross type, pathological type, clinical T stage, N stage, numbers of metastatic organ, smoking history, treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer were independent prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- 红 彭
- />200030 上海,上海市胸科医院门诊办公室Outpatient Ofce, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - 美丽 马
- />200030 上海,上海市胸科医院门诊办公室Outpatient Ofce, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - 宝惠 韩
- />200030 上海,上海市胸科医院门诊办公室Outpatient Ofce, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
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