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Stamellou E, Sterzer V, Alam J, Roumeliotis S, Liakopoulos V, Dounousi E. Sex-Specific Differences in Kidney Function and Blood Pressure Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8637. [PMID: 39201324 PMCID: PMC11354550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Premenopausal women generally exhibit lower blood pressure and a lower prevalence of hypertension than men of the same age, but these differences reverse postmenopause due to estrogen withdrawal. Sexual dimorphism has been described in different components of kidney physiology and pathophysiology, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelin system, and tubular transporters. This review explores the sex-specific differences in kidney function and blood pressure regulation. Understanding these differences provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing hypertension and kidney diseases, considering the patient's sex and hormonal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Stamellou
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.A.)
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Viktor Sterzer
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.A.)
| | - Jessica Alam
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany (J.A.)
| | - Stefanos Roumeliotis
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA University Hospital Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA University Hospital Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.R.); (V.L.)
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
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Frame AA, Nist KM, Kim K, Puleo F, Moreira JD, Swaldi H, McKenna J, Wainford RD. Integrated renal and sympathetic mechanisms underlying the development of sex- and age-dependent hypertension and the salt sensitivity of blood pressure. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01266-1. [PMID: 38976131 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a non-modifiable understudied risk factor for hypertension. We hypothesized that sympathetically mediated activation of renal sodium reabsorption drives age-dependent hypertension and the salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP). Using 3-, 8-, and 16-month-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats as a model of normal aging, we assessed BP, indices of sympathetic tone, and the physiological responses to acute and chronic sodium challenge including sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) regulation. The effects of renal nerve ablation and NCC antagonism were assessed in hypertensive male rats. We observed sex-dependent impaired renal sodium handling (24 h sodium balance (meq), male 3-month 0.36 ± 0.1 vs. 16-month 0.84 ± 0.2; sodium load excreted during 5% bodyweight isotonic saline volume expansion (%) male 3-month 77 ± 5 vs. 16-month 22 ± 8), hypertension (MAP (mmHg) male 3-month 123 ± 4 vs. 16-month 148 ± 6), and the salt sensitivity of BP in aged male, but not female, rats. Attenuated sympathoinhibitory afferent renal nerve (ARN) responses contributed to increased sympathetic tone and hypertension in male rats. Increased sympathetic tone contributes to renal sodium retention, in part through increased NCC activity via a dysfunctional with-no-lysine kinase-(WNK) STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase signaling pathway, to drive hypertension and the salt sensitivity of BP in aged male rats. NCC antagonism and renal nerve ablation, which reduced WNK dysfunction and decreased NCC activity, attenuated age-dependent hypertension in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The contribution of an impaired sympathoinhibitory ARN reflex to sex- and age-dependent hypertension in an NCC-dependent manner, via an impaired WNK1/WNK4 dynamic, suggests this pathway as a mechanism-based target for the treatment of age-dependent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Frame
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kayla M Nist
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franco Puleo
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse D Moreira
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hailey Swaldi
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1750 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, N22030322, USA
| | - James McKenna
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1750 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, N22030322, USA
| | - Richard D Wainford
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1750 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, N22030322, USA.
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Lichtenecker DCK, Argeri R, Castro CHDM, Dias-da-Silva MR, Gomes GN. Cross-sex testosterone therapy modifies the renal morphology and function in female rats and might underlie increased systolic pressure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:978-986. [PMID: 33711175 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone esters are hormones commonly used for affirming gender identity in transmen. The present study evaluates the effect of testosterone on renal morphology and function in an animal model submitted to cross-sex hormone therapy used for transmen. Two-month-old Wistar rats were divided into three groups: male control (MC), female control (FC), and female on testosterone therapy (FTT). The FTT group received testosterone cypionate (3.0 mg/kg, i.m.), and the MC and MF groups received vehicle oil every 10 days for 4 months. Renal function and indirect systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements were evaluated at 6 months of age. Plasma and urine concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, osmolality, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. The kidneys were weighed, paraffin-embedded, and histological sections were prepared to evaluate the glomerular area. We verified that the FTT group, in comparison to FC, had increased kidney weight [MC, 3.2 ± 0.05; FC, 1.8 ± 0.04; FTT, 2.2 ± 0.06; g], decreased urine osmolarity [MC, 486.9 ± 18.3; FC, 1012.0 ± 5.4; FTT, 768.2 ± 40.3 mOsm/L/g kw], reduced GFR [MC, 0.77 ± 0.04; FC, 0.78 ± 0.02; FTT, 0.67 ± 0.03; mL/min/g kw], larger glomerular area [MC, 9334 ± 120.8; FC, 7884 ± 112.8; FTT, 9078 ± 133.4 µm2 ], and higher SBP [MC, 126 ± 3.4; FC, 119 ± 1.0; FTT, 131 ± 1.4; mmHg]. Sodium excretion was higher in FC and FTT in comparison to MC [MC, 0.34 ± 0.05; FC, 0.56 ± 0.06; FTT, 0.54 ± 0.04; mEq/24 h/g kw]. Cross-sex hormone therapy with testosterone in female rats induces renal morphofunctional changes and may underlie increased systolic pressure, suggesting an adaptation similar to what is observed in transmen on long-term testosterone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Conte Kimura Lichtenecker
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Argeri
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charlles Heldan de Moura Castro
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magnus Regios Dias-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guiomar Nascimento Gomes
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Wang J, Wu D, Guo H, Li M. Hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance: The chief culprit of polycystic ovary syndrome. Life Sci 2019; 236:116940. [PMID: 31604107 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common systemic reproductive endocrine diseases, which has a variety of effects on a woman's health. Because of the involvement of multiple pathways and the lack of common clues, PCOS demonstrates multifactorial properties and heterogeneity of symptoms. Recent studies have demonstrated that the core etiology and primary endocrine characteristics of PCOS are hyperandrogenemia (HA) and insulin resistance (IR). HA and IR are the main causes of PCOS and they can interplay each other in the occurrence and development of PCOS. Just because of this, the study about the effects of HA and IR on pathophysiology of various related symptoms of PCOS is very important to understand the pathogenesis of PCOS. This paper reviews the main symptoms of PCOS, including neuroendocrine disorders, reproductive processes, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and sleep disordered breathing, which seriously affect the physical and mental health of PCOS women. The increasing knowledge of the development pattern of HA and IR in PCOS suggests that changes in diet and lifestyle, and the discovery of potential therapeutic agents may improve PCOS. However, further studies are needed to clarify the mutual influence and relation of HA and IR in development of PCOS. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about the effects of HA and IR on PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Daichao Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Meixiang Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Institute of Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Loh SY, Giribabu N, Salleh N. Changes in plasma aldosterone and electrolytes levels, kidney epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and blood pressure in normotensive WKY and hypertensive SHR rats following gonadectomy and chronic testosterone treatment. Steroids 2017; 128:128-135. [PMID: 28954214 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We hypothesized that testosterone-induced increase in blood pressure involve changes in aldosterone levels and expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the kidneys. METHODS Ovariectomized female normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) rats were given six weeks treatment with testosterone via subcutaneous silastic implant. The rats were anesthetized and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured via direct cannulation of the carotid artery. Animals were sacrificed and kidneys were removed and subjected for α, β and γ-ENaC protein and mRNA expression analyses by Western blotting and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. Distributions of α, β and γ-ENaC proteins in kidneys were observed by immunofluorescence. Plasma testosterone, aldosterone, electrolytes, osmolality, urea and creatinine levels were determined by biochemical assays. Analysis were also performed in non-testosterone treated orchidectomized and sham-operated male WKY and SHR rats. RESULTS Treatment of ovariectomized female WKY and SHR rats with testosterone causes increased in MAP but decreased in plasma aldosterone, sodium (Na+), osmolality and expression and distribution of α, β and γ-ENaC subunits in the kidneys. Orchidectomy decreased the MAP but increased plasma aldosterone, Na+, osmolality and α, β and γ-ENaC expression and distribution in the kidneys of male WKY and SHR rats. CONCLUSIONS Decreased in plasma aldosterone, Na+ and ENaC levels in kidneys under testosterone influence indicated that testosterone-induced increased in MAP were not due to increased plasma aldosterone and ENaC levels in kidneys, and thus the testosterone effect on MAP likely involve other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yi Loh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Gholami K, Loh SY, Salleh N, Lam SK, Hoe SZ. Selection of suitable endogenous reference genes for qPCR in kidney and hypothalamus of rats under testosterone influence. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176368. [PMID: 28591185 PMCID: PMC5462341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is the most reliable and accurate technique for analyses of gene expression. Endogenous reference genes are being used to normalize qPCR data even though their expression may vary under different conditions and in different tissues. Nonetheless, verification of expression of reference genes in selected studied tissue is essential in order to accurately assess the level of expression of target genes of interest. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to examine six commonly used reference genes in order to identify the gene being expressed most constantly under the influence of testosterone in the kidneys and hypothalamus. The reference genes include glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin beta (ACTB), beta-2 microglobulin (B2m), hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT), peptidylprolylisomerase A (Ppia) and hydroxymethylbilane synthase (Hmbs). The cycle threshold (Ct) value for each gene was determined and data obtained were analyzed using the software programs NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper, and rank aggregation. Results showed that Hmbs and Ppia genes were the most stably expressed in the hypothalamus. Meanwhile, in kidneys, Hmbs and GAPDH appeared to be the most constant genes. In conclusion, variations in expression levels of reference genes occur in kidneys and hypothalamus under similar conditions; thus, it is important to verify reference gene levels in these tissues prior to commencing any studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Gholami
- Division of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Su Yi Loh
- Division of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sau Kuen Lam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as a Paradigm for Prehypertension, Prediabetes, and Preobesity. Curr Hypertens Rep 2014; 16:500. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Dong Z, Wu P, Li Y, Shen Y, Xin P, Li S, Wang Z, Dai X, Zhu W, Wei M. Myocardial infarction worsens glomerular injury and microalbuminuria in rats with pre-existing renal impairment accompanied by the activation of ER stress and inflammation. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7911-21. [PMID: 25173645 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Deterioration of renal function occurs after chronic heart failure in approximately one-third of patients, particularly in those with pre-existing renal impairment such as diabetic nephropathy. Impaired renal function in these patients is always associated with a worse prognosis. However, the mechanisms underlying such deterioration of renal function are still largely unknown. In three separate protocols, we compared 1) sham operation (Ctr, n = 10) with surgically induced myocardial infarction (MI, n = 10); 2) unilateral nephrectomy (UNX, n = 10) with UNX + MI (n = 10); and 3) STZ-induced type 1 diabetes (DB, n = 10) with DB + MI (n = 10). The differences between combined injury models (UNX + MI, DB + MI) and simple MI were also examined. Renal remodeling, function, ER stress (CHOP and GRP78) and inflammation (infiltration of inflammatory cells, NF-κB p65) were evaluated 12 weeks after MI. In common SD rats, MI activated less glomerular ER stress and inflammation, resulting in a minor change of glomerular remodeling and microalbuminuria. However, MI significantly increased the glomerular expression of GRP78 and CHOP in UNX and DB rats. In addition, it also promoted the infiltration of CD4+ T cells, particularly inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4)-producing CD4+ T cells, and the expression of NF-κB p65 in the glomeruli. By contrast, significant glomerular fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury and microalbuminuria were found in rats with UNX + MI and DB + MI. MI significantly increased chronic glomerular injury and microalbuminuria at 12 weeks in rats with pre-existing renal impairment, i.e., UNX and DB, but not common SD rats. These changes were accompanied by increased glomerular ER stress and immune-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, NO 600, Street Yishan, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Office Blood Pressure, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring, and Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Hypertension 2014; 63:624-9. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gottlieb SS, Stebbins A, Voors AA, Hasselblad V, Ezekowitz JA, Califf RM, O'Connor CM, Starling RC, Hernandez AF. Effects of nesiritide and predictors of urine output in acute decompensated heart failure: results from ASCEND-HF (acute study of clinical effectiveness of nesiritide and decompensated heart failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:1177-83. [PMID: 23747790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine if nesiritide increases diuresis in congestive heart failure patients. BACKGROUND In the ASCEND-HF (Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide and Decompensated Heart Failure), 7,141 patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) were randomized to receive nesiritide or placebo for 24 to 168 h, in addition to standard care. There were minimal effects of nesiritide on survival, future hospitalizations, and symptoms. However, whether or not nesiritide increases diuresis in ADHF patients is unknown. METHODS Urine output was measured in 5,864 subjects; of these, 5,320 received loop diuretics and had dose data recorded. Loop diuretics other than furosemide were converted to furosemide equivalent doses. A total of 4,881 patients had complete data. We used logistic regression models to identify the impact of nesiritide on urine output and the factors associated with high urine output. RESULTS Median (25th, 75th percentiles) 24-h urine output was 2,280 (1,550, 3,280) ml with nesiritide and 2,200 (1,550, 3,200) ml with placebo (p = NS). Loop diuretic dose (furosemide equivalent) was 80 (40, 140) mg with both nesiritide and placebo. Diuretic dose was a strong predictor of urine output. Other independent predictors included: male sex, greater body mass index, higher diastolic blood pressure, elevated jugular venous pressure, recent weight gain, and lower blood urea nitrogen. The addition of nesiritide did not change urine output. None of the interaction terms between nesiritide and predictors affected the urine output prediction. CONCLUSIONS Nesiritide did not increase urine output in patients with ADHF. Higher diuretic dose was a strong predictor of higher urine output, but neurohormonal activation (as evidenced by blood urea nitrogen concentration) and lower blood pressure limited diuresis.
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Loria AS, Yamamoto T, Pollock DM, Pollock JS. Early life stress induces renal dysfunction in adult male rats but not female rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 304:R121-9. [PMID: 23174859 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00364.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MatSep) is a model of behavioral stress during early life. We reported that MatSep exacerbates ANG II-induced hypertension in adult male rats. The aims of this study were to determine whether exposure to MatSep in female rats sensitizes blood pressure to ANG II infusion similar to male MatSep rats and to elucidate renal mechanisms involved in the response in MatSep rats. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) pups were exposed to MatSep 3 h/day from days 2 to 14, while control rats remained with their mothers. ANG II-induced mean arterial pressure (MAP; telemetry) was enhanced in female MatSep rats compared with control female rats but delayed compared with male MatSep rats. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) was reduced in male MatSep rats compared with control rats at baseline and after ANG II infusion. ANG II infusion significantly increased T cells in the renal cortex and greater histological damage in the interstitial arteries of male MatSep rats compared with control male rats. Plasma testosterone was greater and estradiol was lower in male MatSep rats compared with control rats with ANG II infusion. ANG II infusion failed to increase blood pressure in orchidectomized male MatSep and control rats. Female MatSep and control rats had similar Ccr, histological renal analysis, and sex hormones at baseline and after ANG II infusion. These data indicate that during ANG II-induced hypertension, MatSep sensitizes the renal phenotype in male but not female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia S Loria
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences Univ., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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