1
|
Mocanu H, Mocanu AI, Dascălu IT, Schipor MA, Rădulescu M. Materials for ossicular chain reconstruction: History and evolution (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2023; 3:13. [PMID: 36875817 PMCID: PMC9982808 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2023.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The middle ear represents the anatomic space between the external auditory canal and the inner ear (Cochlea). It is comprised of the tympanic membrane, the ossicular chain [malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup)] with the corresponding muscles and ligaments and the cavity of the middle ear. The main function of the middle ear is to convey vibratory energy (sound pressure) from the air to the cochlear fluids of the internal ear via the ossicular chain. Tympanoplasty represents a number of procedures used to re-establish the continuity of sound transmission from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. Ever since the beginning of otologic surgery, various materials have been tested for ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR). The present review aimed to present, in a chronological sequence, the evolution of knowledge regarding this field of medicine, and to also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and designs of ossicular prostheses. The constant search for more efficient, easily tolerated and lighter materials has improved the acoustic rehabilitation process and has markedly reduced the rate of functional failure of these small prostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Horia Mocanu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Titu Maiorescu' University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela-Ioana Mocanu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Polimed Medical Center, 040067 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Teodora Dascălu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihai-Adrian Schipor
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Astronomical and Physical Geodesy, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Marian Rădulescu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mocanu H, Mocanu AI, Coadă G, Bonciu A, Schipor MA, Rădulescu M. Analysis of long‑term anatomic results of radical mastoidectomy. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:156. [PMID: 35069837 PMCID: PMC8753967 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-term, retrospective, non-controlled study was performed on the drainage results of mastoidectomy (both radical and modified radical) and the relevant statistical factors that could influence the anatomic outcome were defined. The present study took into consideration the same cohort of 200 patients we have communicated with before in our previous studies concerning the long-term functional results of mastoidectomy and long-term results of ossicular replacement with biovitroceramic prosthesis. The patients were clinically followed for the same period of 8.12 years. The drainage (anatomic) results, similar to previously published functional results, were defined by analytical function of the severity and the period of evolution of disease. The main goal was to define the situations and factors (presence of complications, type of disease, type of tympanic perforation or status of ossicular chain) that influenced the drainage results that could provide us with some type of anatomical prognosis. The follow-up started at the moment of complete epithelization for each cavity as time represents the main study comparison criteria. Drainage failure was assessed by the number of otorrhea episodes. It was concluded that practically and ideally, a maximum of 84% of the mastoid and petrous cells can be cleaned out. The results of 78% drainage success are congruent to this theory. The remaining 16% of cells may contain irreversible lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Horia Mocanu
- Department of ENT and HNS, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Titu Maiorescu’ University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela-Ioana Mocanu
- Department of ENT and HNS, Polimed Medical Center, 040067 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriella Coadă
- Department of ENT and HNS, ‘Sf. Maria’ Clinical Hospital, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Bonciu
- Department of ENT and HNS, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai-Adrian Schipor
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Astronomical and Physical Geodesy, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Marian Rădulescu
- Department of ENT and HNS, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mocanu H, Mocanu AI, Bonciu A, Coadă G, Schipor MA, Rădulescu M. Analysis of long-term functional results of radical mastoidectomy. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1216. [PMID: 34584561 PMCID: PMC8422386 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a long-term, retrospective, non-controlled study on the functional results of mastoidectomy (both radical and modified radical) and defined the relevant statistical factors that may influence the hearing outcome. In a cohort of 200 patients, we performed both radical and modified radical mastoidectomy (MRM) and followed them clinically for a period of 8.12 years. The functional results were defined by the analytical function of the severity and the period of evolution of the disease. These parameters were defined by assessing the pre-operative absolute hearing threshold (AHT), bone conduction threshold (BCT) and age of the patient at the moment of the operation. The two parameters evolved inversely proportional to the functional results and represented a complete and precise analytical tool. The global average hearing gain ratio was 32% and the ratio for unmodified pre-operative hearing (status quo ante) was 61%. With favorable prognostic factors, the average gain rate was 56% and the hearing-loss rate was 5% (1-dB SPL nominal value). The maximum ratio for gain was 81% and for hearing loss this was 0%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Horia Mocanu
- Department of ENT & HNS, Faculty of Medicine, 'Titu Maiorescu' University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela-Ioana Mocanu
- Department of ENT & HNS, Polimed Medical Center, 040067 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Bonciu
- Department of ENT & HNS, 'Dr. Carol Davila' Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriella Coadă
- Department of ENT & HNS, 'Sf. Maria' Clinical Hospital, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai-Adrian Schipor
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Astronomical and Physical Geodesy, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Marian Rădulescu
- Department of ENT & HNS, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Neagu A, Mocanu AI, Bonciu A, Coadă G, Mocanu H. Prevalence of GJB2 gene mutations correlated to presence of clinical and environmental risk factors in the etiology of congenital sensorineural hearing loss of the Romanian population. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:612. [PMID: 33936269 PMCID: PMC8082587 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although etiologically heterogeneous at least 50% of all early on-set hearing losses have a genetic cause and of these, the large majority, 75-80% are most probably autosomal recessive and 70% are non-syndromic. The rest of the congenital hearing losses are determined by clinical and environmental factors such as ototoxic medication, prematurity, and complications at birth. During the last decade it became clear that 50-80% of all such afflictions result from mutations in a single gene, GJB2, which encodes the protein Connexin 26. In order to, at least partially clarify this problem, especially in an emerging country such as Romania, where the problem is not studied adequately, we developed a comprehensive study of genetic, clinical and environmental risk factors for congenital hearing loss. The two most common variations of this gene, 35delG and W24X in children with positive diagnosis of bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss were investigated. A cohort of 34 children (20 female and 14 male), ages between 2 and 10 (mean age 4.62 years), coming from 33 non-related families were evaluated. All cases were diagnosed with severe or profound bilateral congenital SNHL. A statistical comparison of genetic and environmental/clinical prevalence was also attempted since the presence of a genetic disorder cannot rule out the role of other documented risk factors in the etiology of SNHL. The results showed that, 29.4% of cases (10/34) were homozygotic for the 35delG mutation 35delG/35delG), also known as genotype Δ/Δ. 5.88% of cases (2/34) belong to the heterozygotic bi-genic group 35delG/W24X. The clinical factors with high statistical significance for SNHL in a non-genetic group have no significance for genetic SNHL patients. Thus, the present study confirms the relatively high prevalence of the 35delG and W24X mutations in cases of congenital non-syndromic severe of profound bilateral SNHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Neagu
- Department of ENT&HNS, ‘Marie S. Curie’ Emergency Children Hospital Bucharest, 041434 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela-Ioana Mocanu
- Department of ENT&HNS, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Bonciu
- Department of ENT&HNS, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriella Coadă
- Department of ENT&HNS, ‘Sfânta Maria’ Clinical Hospital, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horia Mocanu
- Department of ENT&HNS, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Titu Maiorescu’ University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mocanu H, Mocanu AI, Drăgoi AM, Rădulescu M. Long-term histological results of ossicular chain reconstruction using bioceramic implants. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:260. [PMID: 33603867 PMCID: PMC7851651 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle ear problems are addressed using tympanoplasty, which requires a mobile tympanic membrane and secure sound-conducting mechanism. The present is a long-term, retrospective, non-controlled study on the results of ossiculoplasty using bioceramic implants of autochthonous origin and which defined the statistical relevant factors that could influence the rate of implant rejection. In a cohort of 108 patients ossiculoplasties with bioceramic implants were performed and patients were followed up clinically for a period of minimum 7 years. Several factors were identified that could influence the results of the implantation and the statistical correlations were studied. The rejection rate after 9.12 years was 21% (23 patients). Histological integration rate was 79% (85 patients), similar to results reported in literature for both bioceramic and titanium implants. Hydroxyapatite has many of the ideal characteristics required to be a good prosthesis with a high degree of biocompatibility, very low extrusion rate, low risk of disease transmission and good functional results. Although perhaps considered of historical interest, bioceramic implants are cheaper and can be produced locally, which is a great advantage for struggling economies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Horia Mocanu
- Department of ENT&HNS, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela-Ioana Mocanu
- Department of ENT&HNS, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Miruna Drăgoi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041902 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marian Rădulescu
- Department of ENT&HNS, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mocanu H, Bornitz M, Lasurashvili N, Zahnert T. Evaluation of Vibrant ® Soundbridge™ positioning and results with laser doppler vibrometry and the finite element model. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:262. [PMID: 33603869 PMCID: PMC7851645 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hearing loss originates from genetic factors and includes several other events including infections, working or living environment, as well as several endocrine and metabolic disorders. The Vibrant® Soundbridge™ (VSB) is an implantable hearing aid whose floating mass transducer (FMT) is attached to the long process of the incus. The device is used for pure sensorineural hearing loss with an intact middle ear. Variations in the manner of attachment may occur. Knowledge of the impact of such variations on the overall device performance may guide towards optimal transducer attachment during surgery. A mechanical modelling of the ear was first reported by von Békésy and indicated that the tympanic membrane (TM) moves as a stiff plate, and that the mallear and incudal ligaments act as a rotation axis for the ossicular chain at low frequencies. Experimental investigations and simulations with the model yield the same main results. The first fitting situation, where the FMT floats freely in the middle ear, provides by far the worst possible results. Contact to the stapes supra-structure of the FMT is necessary for optimal performance of the FMT. The mastoid specimen preserves its acoustic properties that have been shown to be similar to those in the vital human ear, under these conditions. Properly coupling the electromagnetic transducer to the ossicles can be difficult and it requires a certain degree of experience. A finite-element model (FEM) is useful for functional evaluation of the VSB since it enables easy modelling of the complicated middle ear structures and simulation of their dynamic behavior which makes it easy to understand it in detail without experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Horia Mocanu
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Matthias Bornitz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicoloz Lasurashvili
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Zahnert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|