Kwak JH, Choi YH. Sex and body mass index dependent associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pulse pressure in middle-aged and older US adults.
Sci Rep 2021;
11:9989. [PMID:
33976245 PMCID:
PMC8113426 DOI:
10.1038/s41598-021-88855-8]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High pulse pressure (PP) is a valid indicator of arterial stiffness. Many studies have reported that vitamin D concentration is inversely associated with vascular stiffening. This association may differ depending on sex and body mass index (BMI). This study investigated the associations between vitamin D and PP and evaluated whether these associations differ according to sex and BMI, using data for individuals aged ≥ 50 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were used as biomarkers of vitamin D levels. High PP was defined as ≥ 60 mmHg. Total 25(OH)D concentrations were dose-dependently associated with lower odds ratios (ORs) for high PP (p-trend = 0.01), after controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and dietary factors. When stratified by sex, there was a dose-dependent association between total 25(OH)D concentrations and lower risk of high PP (p-trend < 0.001) in females, but not in males. When stratified by BMI, there was a dose-dependent association between total 25(OH)D concentrations and lower risk of high PP (p-trend < 0.001) in non-overweight subjects, but not in overweight subjects. Improving the vitamin D status could delay elevation of PP and vascular stiffening in female and non-overweight subjects.
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