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Sex differences in coronary angiographic findings in patients with stable chest pain: analysis of data from the KoRean wOmen'S chest pain rEgistry (KoROSE). Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:2. [PMID: 34980251 PMCID: PMC8722299 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Focused evaluations on potential sex differences in the angiographic findings of the coronary arteries are scarce. This study was performed to compare the angiographic extent and localization of coronary stenosis between men and women. Methods A total of 2348 patients (mean age 62.5 years and 60% women) with stable chest pain undergoing invasive coronary angiography (CAG) were recruited from the database of the nation-wide chest pain registry. Obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as ≥ 50% stenosis of the left main coronary artery and/or ≥ 70% stenosis of any other epicardial coronary arteries. Results Although women were older than men (64.4 ± 10.3 vs. 59.5 ± 11.4 years, P < 0.001), men had worse risk profiles including high blood pressure, more frequent smoking and elevated triglyceride and C-reactive protein. The prevalence of obstructive CAD was significantly higher in men than in women (37.0% vs. 28.4%, P < 0.001). Men had a higher prevalence of LM disease (10.3% vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001) and three-vessel disease (16.1% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.007) compared to women. In multiple binary logistic regression analysis, the risk of men having LM disease or three-vessel disease was 7.4 (95% confidence interval 3.48–15.97; P < 0.001) and 2.7 (95% confidence interval 1.57–4.64; P < 0.001) times that of women, respectively, even after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusions In patients with chest pain undergoing invasive CAG, men had higher obstructive CAD prevalence and more high-risk angiographic findings such as LM disease or three-vessel disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-021-00411-1. Focused evaluation on sex differences in the angiographic findings of the coronary arteries is limited. We evaluated sex differences in the angiographic extent and localization of coronary stenosis in 2348 patients. Men had higher prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease and more high-risk angiographic findings such as left main disease or three-vessel disease. This sex difference could be applied in the clinical evaluation and management of patients with suspected coronary artery disease.
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Rahmani R, Majidi B, Ariannejad H, Shafiee A. The Value of the GRACE Score for Predicting the SYNTAX Score in Patients with Unstable Angina/Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2019; 21:514-517. [PMID: 31495747 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI), Global Registry for Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is a valid tool for risk stratification. The Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score is an angiographic scoring system to guide the decision-making between coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of the GRACE score in predicting the severity and extent of coronary artery stenosis by SYNTAX score. METHODS A total of 330 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were enrolled in the study. For every patient, the GRACE score was calculated. All patients underwent coronary angiography within 2 days and the SYNTAX scoring system was used to evaluate the severity and extent of coronary stenotic lesions. Based on ROC curve analysis, the cut-off value of GRACE score that could predict SYNTAX score ≥ 23 was calculated. RESULTS GRACE score was 107.12 ± 34.4 in patients with SYNTAX SCORE < 23 and 134.80 ± 48.3 in patients with SYNTAX score ≥ 23 (p value = 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between the GRACE score and angiographic SYNTAX score (r = 0.34 p < 0.001). We found that a GRACE score of 109 is the optimal cut-off to predict SYNTAX score ≥ 23 with a sensitivity of 73.5% and specificity of 60% (p < 0.001). Its negative predictive value was 94.0%. CONCLUSION GRACE score had significant but modest value to predict the severity and extent of coronary artery stenosis in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahmani
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Majidi
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ariannejad
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Shafiee
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Saadat M, Masoudkabir F, Afarideh M, Ghodsi S, Vasheghani-Farahani A. Discrimination between Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Syndrome X in Women with Typical Angina and Positive Exercise Test; Utility of Cardiovascular Risk Calculators. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E12. [PMID: 30646563 PMCID: PMC6359077 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Nearly 40% of women with typical angina and a positive exercise tolerance test (ETT) have normal or near normal coronary angiography (CAG) labeled as cardiac syndrome X (CSX). Objective: We performed this study to evaluate the power of common cardiovascular risk calculators to distinguish patients with CSX from those with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: 559 women participated in the study. Three risk scores, including (1) newly pooled cohort equation of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) to predict 10 years risk of first atherosclerotic cardiovascular hard event (ASCVD), (2) Framingham risk score (FRS) for the prediction of 10 years coronary heart disease, and (3) the SCORE tool to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular mortality (SCORE), were applied. Results: CAD was diagnosed in 51.5% of the patients. 11.6% of the population had ASCVD < 2.5%, and only 13.8% of these patients had CAD on their CAG. By choosing FRS, 14.4% of patients had FRS < 7.5%, and only 11.3% of these patients had recorded CAD on CAG, while the rest of the patients were diagnosed as CSX. Using the SCORE model, 13.8% of patients had the least value (<0.5%) in whom the prevalence of CAD was 19.9%. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) to discriminate CSX from CAD was calculated for each scoring system, being 0.750 for ASCVD, 0.745 for FRS, and 0.728 for SCORE (p value for all AUROCs < 0.001). The Hosmer⁻Lemeshow chi squares (df, p value) for calibration were 8.787 (8, 0.361), 11.125 (8, 0.195), and 10.618 (8, 0.224) for ASCVD, FRS, and SCORE, respectively. Conclusions: Patients who have ASCVD < 2.5% or FRS < 7.5% may be appropriate cases for noninvasive imaging (Such as coronary CT angiography). CAG is indicated for patients with ASCVD ≥ 7.5% and FRS ≥ 15%, whereas the patients with intermediate risk need comprehensive patient⁻physician shared decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saadat
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran.
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran.
| | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran.
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Afarideh
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran.
| | - Saeed Ghodsi
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran.
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran.
| | - Ali Vasheghani-Farahani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran.
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran.
- Department of Electrophysiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran.
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Chmiel J, Książek MK, Stryszak W, Iwaszczuk P, Hołda MK, Świtacz G, Kozanecki A, Wilkołek P, Rubiś P, Kopeć G, Odrowąż-Pieniążek P, Przewłocki T, Tracz W, Podolec P, Musiałek P. Temporal changes in the pattern of invasive angiography use and its outcome in suspected coronary artery disease: implications for patient management and healthcare resources utilization. ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2018; 14:247-257. [PMID: 30302100 PMCID: PMC6173087 DOI: 10.5114/aic.2018.78327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive coronary angiography (CAG), the 'gold standard' in coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis, requires hospitalization, is not risk-free, and engages considerable healthcare resources. AIM To assess recent (throught out 10 years) evolution of 'significant' (≥ 50% stenosis(es)) CAD prevalence in subjects undergoing CAG for CAD diagnosis in a high-volume tertiary referral center. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anonymized medical records were compared for the last vs. the first 2-years of the decade (June 2007 to May 2018). Referrals for suspected CAD were 2067 of 4522 hospitalizations (45.7%) and 1755 of 5196 (33.8%) respectively (p < 0.001). RESULTS The median patient age (64 vs. 68 years) and the prevalence of heart failure (24.1% vs. 42.2%) increased significantly (p < 0.001). The CAG atherosclerotic lesions, for all stenosis categories (< 50%; ≥ 50%; ≥ 70%; occlusion(s)), were significantly more prevalent in men. The proportion of subjects with any atherosclerosis on CAG increased (80.7% vs. 77.6%, p = 0.015). However, in the absence of any gross change in, for instance, the fraction of women (40.4% vs. 41.8%), the proportion of CAGs with significant CAD (lesion(s) ≥ 50%) decreased from 55.2% in 2007/2008 to below 1 in every 2 angiograms (48.9%) in 2017/2018 (p < 0.001). This unexpected finding occurred consistently across nearly all CAG referral categories. CONCLUSIONS Despite more advanced age and a higher proportion of subjects with 'any' coronary atherosclerosis on CAG, the likelihood of a 'negative' angiogram (lesion(s) < 50%; no further evaluation/intervention) has increased significantly over the last decade. The exact nature of this phenomenon requires further investigation, particularly as a reverse trend would be expected with the growing role (and current high penetration) of contemporary non-invasive diagnostic tools to rule out significant CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Chmiel
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miłosz K. Książek
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Weronika Stryszak
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Iwaszczuk
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz K. Hołda
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
- HEART – Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Świtacz
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Kozanecki
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Wilkołek
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Rubiś
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kopeć
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Odrowąż-Pieniążek
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Przewłocki
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiesława Tracz
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Podolec
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Musiałek
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
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Masoudkabir F, Vasheghani-Farahani A, Hakki E, Poorhosseini H, Sadeghian S, Abbasi SH, Bahmanyar S, Kassaian SE. Novel Scoring System for Prediction of Cardiac Syndrome X in Women with Typical Angina and a Positive Exercise Tolerance Test. Tex Heart Inst J 2018; 45:5-10. [PMID: 29556144 DOI: 10.14503/thij-16-5906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A major diagnostic challenge for cardiologists is to distinguish cardiac syndrome X (CSX) from obstructive coronary artery disease in women with typical angina and a positive exercise tolerance test (ETT). We performed this study to develop a scoring system that more accurately predicts CSX in this patient population. Data on 976 women with typical angina and a positive ETT who underwent coronary angiography at our center were randomly divided into derivation and validation datasets. We developed a backward stepwise logistic regression model that predicted the presence of CSX, and a scoring system was derived from it. The derivation dataset (809 patients) was calibrated by uing a Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (8 degrees of freedom; χ2=12.9; P=0.115), and the area under the curve was 0.758. The validation dataset (167 patients) was calibrated in the same way (8 degrees of freedom; χ2=9.0; P=0.339), and the area under the curve was 0.782. Independent predictors of CSX were age <55 years; negative histories of smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or familial premature coronary artery disease; and highly positive ETTs. A total score >9.5 was the optimal cutoff point for differentiating CSX from obstructive coronary artery disease. Our proposed scoring system is a simple, objective, and accurate system for distinguishing CSX from obstructive coronary artery disease in women with typical angina and positive ETTs. It may help determine which of these patients need invasive coronary angiograms or noninvasive tests like computed tomographic coronary angiography.
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Cakar MA, Sahinkus S, Aydin E, Vatan MB, Keser N, Akdemir R, Gunduz H. Relation between the GRACE score and severity of atherosclerosis in acute coronary syndrome. J Cardiol 2013; 63:24-8. [PMID: 24012333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome are heterogeneous in terms of clinical presentation and immediate- and long-term risk of death or non-fatal ischemic events. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score and severity of coronary artery disease angiographically evaluated by Gensini score in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. METHODS A total of 245 patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome were enrolled to the study. Based on the GRACE risk score classification system, the patients were divided into low- (n=97, 39.6%), intermediate- (n=84, 34.3%), and high- (n=64, 26.1%) risk groups. All patients underwent coronary angiography within five days after admission. RESULTS The Gensini scores were 26±29 in the low-risk group, 29±19 in the intermediate-risk group, and 38±23 in the high-risk group (p=0.016). The low-risk group was significantly different from the high-risk group (p=0.013), and the difference from the intermediate-risk group almost reached significance. Normal, noncritical, one and two, or multivessel disease were identified in 15 (6.1%), 31 (12.7%), 75 (30.6%), and 124 (50.6%) patients, respectively. The prevalence of multivessel disease was 28% in the low-risk group, 30% in the intermediate-risk group, and 42% in the high-risk group. The high-risk group was significantly different from the low-risk group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the GRACE score has significant value for assessing the severity and extent of coronary artery stenosis in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akif Cakar
- Cardiology Department, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, 54100 Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Salih Sahinkus
- Cardiology Department, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, 54100 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ercan Aydin
- Cardiology Department, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, 54100 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bulent Vatan
- Cardiology Department, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, 54100 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Nurgul Keser
- Cardiology Department, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, 54100 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Akdemir
- Cardiology Department, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, 54100 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Gunduz
- Cardiology Department, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, 54100 Sakarya, Turkey
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