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Zhang X, Chen L, Li L, An J, He Q, Zhang X, Lu W, Xiao Y, Dong Z. Literature review, report, and analysis of genotype and clinical phenotype of a rare case of ulnar-mammary syndrome. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1052931. [PMID: 36937985 PMCID: PMC10020526 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1052931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The clinical characteristics of Ulnar-mammary syndrome (UMS) caused by mutations in TBX3 (T-Box transcription factor 3) were studied and the correlation between genotype and clinical phenotype were analyzed to improve awareness and early diagnosis of the disease. Methods The clinical data of a boy aged 13 years and 5 months with left forearm deformity and growth retardation as the main features were analyzed. Genomic exon detection was performed, and the results were verified by Sanger sequencing. Simultaneously, we performed literature review to analyze the correlation between clinical phenotypes and genotypes. Results The clinical manifestations in the child were short stature, ulnar hypoplasia of the forearm, hypohidrosis, retracted nipple, micropenis, and cryptorchidism. Laboratory examination revealed hyperthyroidism, growth hormone deficiency, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Imaging results displayed delayed bone age, small pituitary gland, and persistence of Rathke's cleft cyst. The results of the exome sequencing revealed the deletion of AGA at positions 1121-1,124 of TBX3, which resulted in a frameshift mutation (c.1121-1124del AGAG; pGlu374fs). According to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) assessment, the mutation is a pathogenic variant. A definitive diagnosis of UMS was made on the basis of the clinical phenotype of the patient. The Chinese and English literature were reviewed to analyze the correlation between TBX3 genotype and clinical phenotype. Conclusion UMS is a rare hereditary disease caused by mutations in TBX3. There is significant clinical heterogeneity associated with the variants of this gene. To our knowledge, this mutation site in TBX3 has been reported for the first time, thereby expanding the mutation spectrum of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Xiao
- Correspondence: Yuan Xiao Zhiya Dong
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Shi X, Zhuang Y, Chen Z, Xu M, Kuang J, Sun XL, Gao L, Kuang X, Zhang H, Li W, Wong SZH, Liu C, Liu L, Jiang D, Pei D, Lin Y, Wu QF. Hierarchical deployment of Tbx3 dictates the identity of hypothalamic KNDy neurons to control puberty onset. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2987. [PMID: 36383654 PMCID: PMC9668310 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine system consists of a heterogeneous collection of neuropeptidergic neurons in the brain, among which hypothalamic KNDy neurons represent an indispensable cell subtype controlling puberty onset. Although neural progenitors and neuronal precursors along the cell lineage hierarchy adopt a cascade diversification strategy to generate hypothalamic neuronal heterogeneity, the cellular logic operating within the lineage to specify a subtype of neuroendocrine neurons remains unclear. As human genetic studies have recently established a link between TBX3 mutations and delayed puberty onset, we systematically studied Tbx3-derived neuronal lineage and Tbx3-dependent neuronal specification and found that Tbx3 hierarchically established and maintained the identity of KNDy neurons for triggering puberty. Apart from the well-established lineage-dependent fate determination, we uncovered rules of interlineage interaction and intralineage retention operating through neuronal differentiation in the absence of Tbx3. Moreover, we revealed that human TBX3 mutations disturbed the phase separation of encoded proteins and impaired transcriptional regulation of key neuropeptides, providing a pathological mechanism underlying TBX3-associated puberty disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanrong Zhuang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua–Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingrui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junqi Kuang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xue-Lian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lisen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xia Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huairen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Samuel Zheng Hao Wong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI-ShenZhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-ShenZhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Danhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yi Lin
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua–Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. (Q.-F.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
- Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
- Corresponding author. (Q.-F.W.); (Y.L.)
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TBX3 and EFNA4 Variant in a Family with Ulnar-Mammary Syndrome and Sagittal Craniosynostosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091649. [PMID: 36140816 PMCID: PMC9498434 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulnar-mammary syndrome (UMS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by anomalies affecting the limbs, apocrine glands, dentition, and genital development. This syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency in the T-Box3 gene (TBX3), with considerable variability in the clinical phenotype being observed even within families. We describe a one-year-old female with unilateral, postaxial polydactyly, and bilateral fifth fingernail duplication. Next-generation sequencing revealed a novel, likely pathogenic, variant predicted to affect the canonical splice site in intron 3 of the TBX3 gene (c.804 + 1G > A, IVS3 + 1G > A). This variant was inherited from the proband’s father who was also diagnosed with UMS with the additional clinical finding of congenital, sagittal craniosynostosis. Subsequent whole genome analysis in the proband’s father detected a variant in the EFNA4 gene (c.178C > T, p.His60Tyr), which has only been reported to be associated with sagittal craniosynostosis in one patient prior to this report but reported in other cranial suture synostosis. The findings in this family extend the genotypic spectrum of UMS, as well as the phenotypic spectrum of EFNA4-related craniosynostosis.
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A de novo TBX3 mutation presenting as dorsalization of the little fingers: A forme fruste phenotype of ulnar-mammary syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sproll P, Eid W, Biason-Lauber A. CBX2-dependent transcriptional landscape: implications for human sex development and its defects. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16552. [PMID: 31719618 PMCID: PMC6851130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex development, a complex and indispensable process in all vertebrates, has still not been completely elucidated, although new genes involved in sex development are constantly being discovered and characterized. Chromobox Homolog 2 (CBX2) is one of these new additions and has been identified through a 46,XY girl with double heterozygous variants on CBX2.1, causing Differences of Sex Development (DSD). The mutated CBX2.1 failed to adequately regulate downstream targets important for sex development in humans, specifically steroidogenic factor 1 (NR5A1/SF1). To better place CBX2.1 in the human sex developmental cascade, we performed siRNA and CBX2.1 overexpression experiments and created a complete CRISPR/Cas9-CBX2 knockout in Sertoli-like cells. Furthermore, we deployed Next Generation Sequencing techniques, RNA-Sequencing and DamID-Sequencing, to identify new potential CBX2.1 downstream genes. The combination of these two next generation techniques enabled us to identify genes that are both bound and regulated by CBX2.1. This allowed us not only to expand our current knowledge about the influence of CBX2.1 in human sex development, but also to advance our insight in the mechanisms governing one of the most important decisions during embryonal development, the commitment to either female or male gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sproll
- Division of Endocrinology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Eid
- Division of Endocrinology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Anna Biason-Lauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland.
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Galazzi E, Duminuco P, Moro M, Guizzardi F, Marazzi N, Sartorio A, Avignone S, Bonomi M, Persani L, Bonati MT. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and pituitary hypoplasia as recurrent features in Ulnar-Mammary syndrome. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1432-1441. [PMID: 30550377 PMCID: PMC6300862 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ulnar-mammary syndrome (UMS) is characterized by ulnar defects, and nipple or apocrine gland hypoplasia, caused by TBX3 haploinsufficiency. Signs of hypogonadism were repeatedly reported, but the mechanisms remain elusive. We aim to assess the origin of hypogonadism in two families with UMS. UMS was suspected in two unrelated probands referred to an academic center with delayed puberty because of the evident ulnar ray and breast defects in their parents. Clinical, biochemical and genetic investigations proved the existence of congenital normosmic IHH (nIHH) associated with pituitary hypoplasia in the two probands who were heterozygous for novel TBX3 pathogenic variants. The mutations co-segregated with delayed puberty, midline defects (nose, teeth and tongue anomalies) and other variable features of UMS in the two families (absent axillary hairs and nipple hypoplasia, asymmetrical features including unilateral ulnar or renal abnormalities). The combined analysis of these findings and of the previous UMS reports showed delayed puberty and other signs of hypogonadism in 79 and 37% of UMS males, respectively. Proband 1 was followed up to adulthood with persistence of nIHH. In conclusion, UMS should be suspected in patients with delayed puberty and midline defects, including pituitary hypoplasia, in the presence of mild cues for TBX3 mutation, even in the absence of limb malformations. In addition, TBX3 should be included among candidate genes for congenital nIHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Galazzi
- IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research and Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Duminuco
- IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research and Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Moro
- IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research and Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Guizzardi
- IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research and Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Marazzi
- IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Milan, Italy
- Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo (VB), Italy
| | - Sabrina Avignone
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, U.O.C Neuroradiologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bonomi
- IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research and Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research and Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
- Correspondence should be addressed to M T Bonati or L Persani: or
| | - Maria Teresa Bonati
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Service of Medical Genetics, Milan, Italy
- Correspondence should be addressed to M T Bonati or L Persani: or
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Zlotina A, Kiselev A, Sergushichev A, Parmon E, Kostareva A. Rare Case of Ulnar-Mammary-Like Syndrome With Left Ventricular Tachycardia and Lack of TBX3 Mutation. Front Genet 2018; 9:209. [PMID: 29963074 PMCID: PMC6013977 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Heart-hand" type syndromes represent a group of rare congenital conditions that combine cardiac pathology (structural defect or arrhythmic disorder) and limb abnormality. Significant clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity typical for such syndromes complicate correct diagnosis, prognosis, and appropriate genetic counseling of the affected families. By now, only single genes have been unambiguously determined as a genetic cause of heart-hand syndromes and phenotypically similar conditions. In the present study, we report on a 25-year-old Russian female patient with a clinical picture resembling ulnar-mammary syndrome (UMS). Principal clinical manifestations included heart septal fibrosis and non-sustained left ventricular tachycardia combined with fifth finger camptodactyly, hypoplastic breast, abnormal teeth, and mental retardation. Target Sanger sequencing and array-based comparative genome hybridization confirmed the lack of pathogenic mutations and large-scale deletions in TBX3 (12q24.21), the only gene known to be associated with UMS cases to date. Based on the results of whole-exome sequencing, 14 potential candidate variants were identified. Among them, a novel missense variant in SYNM gene (exon 1, c.173C > T, p.A58V), encoding intermediate filament protein synemin was characterized. Until the present, no association between SYNM mutations and congenital clinical syndromes has been reported. At the same time, taking into account synemin tissue-specific expression profiles and available data on abnormal knock-out mice phenotypes, we propose SYNM as a candidate gene contributing to the UMS-like phenotype. Further comprehensive functional studies are required to evaluate possible involvement of SYNM in genesis of complex heart-limb pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zlotina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artem Kiselev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Elena Parmon
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
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