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Saini P, Ayyanna R, Kumar R, Bhowmick SK, Bhaskar V, Dey B. Restriction of growth and biofilm formation of ESKAPE pathogens by caprine gut-derived probiotic bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1428808. [PMID: 39135871 PMCID: PMC11317286 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1428808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The accelerated rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health risk, necessitating the exploration of alternative strategies to combat pathogenic infections. Biofilm-related infections that are unresponsive to standard antibiotics often require the use of higher-order antimicrobials with toxic side effects and the potential to disrupt the microbiome. Probiotic therapy, with its diverse benefits and inherent safety, is emerging as a promising approach to prevent and treat various infections, and as an alternative to antibiotic therapy. In this study, we isolated novel probiotic bacteria from the gut of domestic goats (Capra hircus) and evaluated their antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against the 'ESKAPE' group of pathogens. We performed comprehensive microbiological, biochemical, and molecular characterizations, including analysis of the 16S-rRNA gene V1-V3 region and the 16S-23S ISR region, on 20 caprine gut-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Among these, six selected Lactobacillus isolates demonstrated substantial biofilm formation under anaerobic conditions and exhibited robust cell surface hydrophobicity and autoaggregation, and epithelial cell adhesion properties highlighting their superior enteric colonization capability. Notably, these Lactobacillus isolates exhibited broad-spectrum growth inhibitory and anti-biofilm properties against 'ESKAPE' pathogens. Additionally, the Lactobacillus isolates were susceptible to antibiotics listed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) within the prescribed Minimum Inhibitory Concentration limits, suggesting their safety as feed additives. The remarkable probiotic characteristics exhibited by the caprine gut-derived Lactobacillus isolates in this study strongly endorse their potential as compelling alternatives to antibiotics and direct-fed microbial (DFM) feed supplements in the livestock industry, addressing the escalating need for antibiotic-free animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Saini
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Repally Ayyanna
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rishi Kumar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sayan Kumar Bhowmick
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Vinay Bhaskar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bappaditya Dey
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
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Glucosylceramide Changes Bacterial Metabolism and Increases Gram-Positive Bacteria through Tolerance to Secondary Bile Acids In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105300. [PMID: 35628110 PMCID: PMC9141989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramide is present in many foods, such as crops and fermented foods. Most glucosylceramides are not degraded or absorbed in the small intestine and pass through the large intestine. Glucosylceramide exerts versatile effects on colon tumorigenesis, skin moisture, cholesterol metabolism and improvement of intestinal microbes in vivo. However, the mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated. To gain insight into the effect of glucosylceramide on intestinal microbes, glucosylceramide was anaerobically incubated with the dominant intestinal microbe, Blautia coccoides, and model intestinal microbes. The metabolites of the cultured broth supplemented with glucosylceramide were significantly different from those of broth not treated with glucosylceramide. The number of Gram-positive bacteria was significantly increased upon the addition of glucosylceramide compared to that in the control. Glucosylceramide endows intestinal microbes with tolerance to secondary bile acid. These results first demonstrated that glucosylceramide plays a role in the modification of intestinal microbes.
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Exoproteome Analysis of Antagonistic Interactions between the Probiotic Bacteria Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR1 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus F and Multidrug Resistant Strain of Klebsiella pneumonia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010999. [PMID: 34681658 PMCID: PMC8537075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae presents an immense threat for public health. Annually, this microorganism causes thousands of lethal nosocomial infections worldwide. Currently, it has been shown that certain strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can efficiently inhibit growth of K. pneumoniae and the formation of its biofilms; however, the active principle of such action remains unknown. In the current article, the growth inhibition of MDR K. pneumoniae by two LAB—Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR1 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus F—is demonstrated, and the nature of this inhibition studied at the level of exoproteome. This article shows that the exoproteomes of studied LAB contains both classically and non-classically secreted proteins. While for L. reuteri LR1 the substantial portion of classically secreted proteins was presented by cell-wall-degrading enzymes, for L. rhamnosus F only one out of four classically secreted proteins was presented by cell-wall hydrolase. Non-classically secreted proteins of both LAB were primarily metabolic enzymes, for some of which a possible moonlighting functioning was proposed. These results contribute to knowledge regarding antagonistic interaction between LAB and pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and set new perspectives for the use of LAB to control the spread of these microorganisms.
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Mirzaei H, Sedighi S, Kouchaki E, Barati E, Dadgostar E, Aschner M, Tamtaji OR. Probiotics and the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: An Update. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2449-2457. [PMID: 34283340 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01128-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by motor and non-motor features. Although some progress has been made in conventional PD treatments, these breakthroughs have yet to show high efficacy in treating this neurodegenerative disease. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Probiotics have putative anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Multiple lines of evidence show that probiotics control and improve several motor and non-motor symptoms in patients and experimental animal models of PD. Probiotic supplementation mediates these pharmacological effects by targeting a variety of cellular and molecular processes, i.e., oxidative stress, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, as well as apoptosis. Herein, we summarize the effects of probiotics on motor and non-motor symptoms as well as various cellular and molecular pathways in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Kouchaki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. of Iran
| | - Erfaneh Barati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. of Iran
| | - Ehsan Dadgostar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. .,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tai CH, Hsu CN, Yang SC, Wu CK, Liang CM, Tai WC, Chuah SK, Lee CH. The impact of aspirin on Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess in diabetic patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21329. [PMID: 33288865 PMCID: PMC7721809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of aspirin on the risk of pyogenic liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP-PLA) and invasive KP-PLA syndrome (IKPS) in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients who were propensity-score matched were retrospectively included from hospital-based database. Kaplan-Meier approach with a log-rank test was used to compare the cumulative incidences of KP-PLA including IKPS between aspirin users and non-users. Totally, 63,500 patients were analyzed after propensity-score matching (1:1). Compared with that of non-users, the incidence of KP-PLA was significantly reduced in aspirin users (0.31% vs. 0.50%, p < 0.01), but not for that of IKPS (0.02% vs. 0.03%, p = 0.29). Patients taking aspirin for ≥ 90 days had a significantly lower risk for KP-PLA (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.50-0.90). Females, taking clopidogrel or metformin for ≥ 90 days, and taking H2-blockers or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for ≥ 5 days were also associated with a lower risk of KP-PLA. However, cholangitis and a glycated hemoglobin ≥ 8.5% were associated with an increased risk of KP-PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiang Tai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Cheng Yang
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kun Wu
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Liang
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Tai
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Seng-Kee Chuah
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Effects of fructans and probiotics on the inhibition of Klebsiella oxytoca and the production of short-chain fatty acids assessed by NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248:116832. [PMID: 32919546 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Generally, the selection of fructans prebiotics and probiotics for the formulation of a symbiotic has been based on arbitrary considerations and in vitro tests that fail to take into account competitiveness and other interactions with autochthonous members of the intestinal microbiota. However, such analyzes may be a valuable step in the development of the symbiotic. The present study, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of lactobacilli strains and fructans (prebiotic compounds) on the growth of the intestinal competitor Klebsiella oxytoca, and to assess the correlation with short-chain fatty acids production. The short-chain fatty acids formed in the fermentation of the probiotic/prebiotic combination were investigated using NMR spectroscopy, and the inhibitory activities were assessed by agar diffusion and co-culture methods. The results showed that Lactobacillus strains can inhibit K. oxytoca, and that this antagonism is influenced by the fructans source and probably associated with organic acid production.
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Di Gioia D, Bozzi Cionci N, Baffoni L, Amoruso A, Pane M, Mogna L, Gaggìa F, Lucenti MA, Bersano E, Cantello R, De Marchi F, Mazzini L. A prospective longitudinal study on the microbiota composition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BMC Med 2020; 18:153. [PMID: 32546239 PMCID: PMC7298784 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A connection between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and altered gut microbiota composition has previously been reported in animal models. This work is the first prospective longitudinal study addressing the microbiota composition in ALS patients and the impact of a probiotic supplementation on the gut microbiota and disease progression. METHODS Fifty patients and 50 matched controls were enrolled. The microbial profile of stool samples from patients and controls was analyzed via PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, and the main microbial groups quantified via qPCR. The whole microbiota was then analyzed via next generation sequencing after amplification of the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA. Patients were then randomized to receive probiotic treatment or placebo and followed up for 6 months with ALSFRS-R, BMI, and FVC%. RESULTS The results demonstrate that the gut microbiota of ALS patients is characterized by some differences with respect to controls, regardless of the disability degree. Moreover, the gut microbiota composition changes during the course of the disease as demonstrated by the significant decrease in the number of observed operational taxonomic unit during the follow-up. Interestingly, an unbalance between potentially protective microbial groups, such as Bacteroidetes, and other with potential neurotoxic or pro-inflammatory activity, such as Cyanobacteria, has been shown. The 6-month probiotic treatment influenced the gut microbial composition; however, it did not bring the biodiversity of intestinal microbiota of patients closer to that of control subjects and no influence on the progression of the disease measured by ALSFRS-R was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Our study poses the bases for larger clinical studies to characterize the microbiota changes as a novel ALS biomarker and to test new microbial strategy to ameliorate the health status of the gut. TRIAL REGISTRATION CE 107/14, approved by the Ethics Committee of the "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Di Gioia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicole Bozzi Cionci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Loredana Baffoni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Amoruso
- BIOLAB RESEARCH srl, via E. Mattei 3, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Pane
- BIOLAB RESEARCH srl, via E. Mattei 3, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Mogna
- BIOLAB RESEARCH srl, via E. Mattei 3, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Gaggìa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Ausiliatrice Lucenti
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Enrica Bersano
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberto Cantello
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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In-Vitro Growth Inhibition of Bacterial Pathogens by Probiotics and a Synbiotic: Product Composition Matters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093332. [PMID: 32403297 PMCID: PMC7246756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of activities potentially contribute to the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria observed in humans. Among these is a direct inhibition of the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut. The present study characterizes head-to-head the in-vitro pathogen growth inhibition of clinically relevant infectious bacterial strains by different types of probiotics and a synbiotic. In-vitro growth inhibition of Escherichia (E.) coli EPEC, Shigella (Sh.) sonnei, Salmonella (S.) typhimurium, Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae and Clostridioides (C.) difficile were determined. Investigated products were a yeast mono strain probiotic containing Saccharomyces (Sac.) boulardii, bacterial mono strain probiotics containing either Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus GG or L. reuteri DSM 17938, a multi strain probiotic containing three L. rhamnosus strains (E/N, Oxy, Pen), and a multi strain synbiotic containing nine different probiotic bacterial strains and the prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Inhibition of pathogens was moderate by Sac. boulardii and L. rhamnosus GG, medium by L. reuteri DSM 17938 and the L. rhamnosus E/N, Oxy, Pen mixture and strong by the multi strain synbiotic. Head-to-head in-vitro pathogen growth inhibition experiments can be used to differentiate products from different categories containing probiotic microorganisms and can support the selection process of products for further clinical evaluation.
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Magistrelli L, Amoruso A, Mogna L, Graziano T, Cantello R, Pane M, Comi C. Probiotics May Have Beneficial Effects in Parkinson's Disease: In vitro Evidence. Front Immunol 2019; 10:969. [PMID: 31134068 PMCID: PMC6513970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and intraneuronal accumulation of alpha-synuclein, both in the basal ganglia and in peripheral sites, such as the gut. Peripheral immune activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are important pathogenetic features of PD. In this context, the present study focused on the assessment of in vitro effects of probiotic bacterial strains in PBMCs isolated from PD patients vs. healthy controls. Methods: 40 PD patients and 40 matched controls have been enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and co-cultured with a selection of probiotics microorganisms belonging to the lactobacillus and bifidobacterium genus. In vitro release of the major pro- (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Interleukin-17A and 6) and anti-inflammatory (Interleukin 4 and 10) cytokines by PBMCs, as well as the production of ROS was investigated. Furthermore, we assessed the ability of probiotics to influence membrane integrity, antagonize the growth of potential pathogen bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and encode tyrosine decarboxylase genes (tdc). Results: All probiotic strains were able to inhibit inflammatory cytokines and ROS production in both patients and controls. The most striking results were obtained in PD subjects with L. salivarius LS01 and L. acidophilus which significantly reduced pro-inflammatory and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05). Furthermore, most strains determined restoration of membrane integrity and inhibition of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Finally, we also showed that all the strains do not carry tdc gene, which is known to decrease levodopa bioavailability in PD patients under treatment. Conclusions: Probiotics exert promising in vitro results in decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and potentially pathogenic bacterial overgrowth. In vivo longitudinal data are mandatory to support the use of bacteriotherapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Magistrelli
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Angela Amoruso
- Biolab Research Srl, Research and Development, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Mogna
- Biolab Research Srl, Research and Development, Novara, Italy
| | - Teresa Graziano
- Biolab Research Srl, Research and Development, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberto Cantello
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Pane
- Biolab Research Srl, Research and Development, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Junnarkar MV, Thakare PM, Yewale PP, Rahman A, Jass J, Mandal A, Nawani NN. Evaluation of Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Different Sources in Western India. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2018.1443825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha V. Junnarkar
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Prasad M. Thakare
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Priti P. Yewale
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Aminur Rahman
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Jana Jass
- The Life Science Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Abul Mandal
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Neelu N. Nawani
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
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