1
|
Sharif K, de Santiago ER, David P, Afek A, Gralnek IM, Ben-Horin S, Lahat A. Ecogastroenterology: cultivating sustainable clinical excellence in an environmentally conscious landscape. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:550-563. [PMID: 38554732 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal practices, especially endoscopy, have a substantial environmental impact, marked by notable greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation. As the world struggles with climate change, there emerges a pressing need to re-evaluate and reform the environmental footprint within gastrointestinal medicine. The challenge lies in finding a harmonious balance between ensuring clinical effectiveness and upholding environmental responsibility. This task involves recognising that the most significant reduction in the carbon footprint of endoscopy is achieved by avoiding unnecessary procedures; addressing the use of single-use endoscopes and accessories; and extending beyond the procedural suites to include clinics, virtual care, and conferences, among other aspects of gastrointestinal practice. The emerging digital realm in health care is crucial, given the potential environmental advantages of virtual gastroenterological care. Through an in-depth analysis, this review presents a path towards sustainable gastrointestinal practices, emphasising integrated strategies that prioritise both patient care and environmental stewardship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassem Sharif
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Enrique Rodriguez de Santiago
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, CIBERehd, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula David
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ian M Gralnek
- Ellen and Pinchas Mamber Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Emek Medical Centre, Afula, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shomron Ben-Horin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Lahat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leddin D. The Impact of Climate Change, Pollution, and Biodiversity Loss on Digestive Health and Disease. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2024; 3:519-534. [PMID: 39131722 PMCID: PMC11307547 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The environment is changing rapidly under pressure from 3 related drivers: climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss. These environmental changes are affecting digestive health and disease in multiple ways. Heat extremes can cause intestinal and hepatic dysfunction. Access to adequate amounts of food of high nutritional content and to clean water is under threat. Extreme weather is associated with flooding and enteric infections and affects the delivery of care through infrastructure loss. Air, water, and soil pollution from chemicals and plastics are emerging as risk factors for a variety of intestinal diseases including eosinophilic esophagitis, metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease, digestive tract cancers, inflammatory bowel disease, and functional bowel disease. Migration of populations to cities and between countries poses a special challenge to the delivery of digestive care. The response to the threat of environmental change is well underway in the global digestive health community, especially with regard to understanding and reducing the environmental impact of endoscopy. Individuals, and peer societies, are becoming more engaged, and have an important role to play in meeting the challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Leddin
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee YC, Kim TJ, Kim JH, Lee E, Park WY, Kim K, Son HJ. Short-term effects of ambient temperature on acute exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide case-crossover study with external validation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291713. [PMID: 38157370 PMCID: PMC10756522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder characterized by chronic and relapsing manifestations. Several environmental factors are known as triggers for exacerbation of IBD. However, an association between exacerbation of IBD and ambient temperature is uncertain. This study aimed to estimate the risk of acute exacerbation of IBD due to ambient temperature. We performed a bidirectional case-crossover study using a nationwide claim data from South Korea. The external validation was conducted with a large prospective cohort in the United Kingdom. We confirmed significant associations between acute exacerbation of IBD and the short-term ambient temperature changes toward severe temperatures, in the cold weather (-19.4°C-4.3°C) (odd ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.14) and in the hot weather (21.3°C-33.5°C) (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.15-1.17). However, the association was not significant in the moderate weather (4.3°C-21.3°C). The external validation suggested consistent results with additional elevation of acute exacerbation risk in the colder weather (-13.4°C to 2.6°C) (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.62-2.22) and in the hotter weather (15.7°C-28.4°C) (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.32-1.51). We observed and validated that the short-term ambient temperature changes were associated with acute exacerbation of IBD in the cold and hot weathers. Our findings provide evidence that temperature changes are associated with the acute exacerbation of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Chan Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Lee
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Statistics Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Son
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hernandez LV, Agrawal D, Skole KS, Crockett SD, Shimpi RA, von Renteln D, Pohl H. Meeting the environmental challenges of endoscopy: a pathway from strategy to implementation. Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 98:881-888.e1. [PMID: 37977670 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon V Hernandez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Deepak Agrawal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin S Skole
- Department of Gastroenterology, Penn Medicine Princeton Medical Center, Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Rahul A Shimpi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Montreal University Hospital Center (CHUM) and Montreal University Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel von Renteln
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dell Medical School, University Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Heiko Pohl
- Department of Gastroenterology, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont; Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Makharia GK, Sadeghi A, Leddin D, Costello A. Impact of climate change on vulnerable populations. Gut 2023; 72:2201-2204. [PMID: 37977587 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Govind K Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anahita Sadeghi
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Desmond Leddin
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anthony Costello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
El-Kassas M, Mostafa T, Esmat G, Shouman SA, Kholoussi N, Ashour AM, Hamza AA, El-Sakka A, Radwan A, Soliman NA, El-Sayed KF, Mohktar A, Zaghloul S, Kassem AM, Tag Eldin MA. How can local medical communities reduce climate change. Arab J Gastroenterol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
7
|
Chassagne F, Butaud JF, Torrente F, Conte E, Ho R, Raharivelomanana P. Polynesian medicine used to treat diarrhea and ciguatera: An ethnobotanical survey in six islands from French Polynesia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115186. [PMID: 35292376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In French Polynesia, many pathologies common or endemic to the territory cause diarrhea. This is the case for rotavirus gastroenteritis, salmonella food poisoning, ingestion of water contaminated by bacteria, and ciguatera. To treat these ailments, the population may employ traditional medicine for cultural reasons, geographical isolation, and poor health coverage. Polynesian remedies are often used without medical consultation and there is no data on their benefit-risk balance. A few ethnobotanical studies have been carried out in order to identify the traditional remedies used for various ailments, but few studies have focused on gastrointestinal pathologies. In this context, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out to identify treatments used for diarrhea and ciguatera, inventory the plants used, better understand the local representation of these remedies, and provide efficacy and safety data on these uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS From February to April 2021, a semi-structured survey was conducted on six islands in French Polynesia, including one island in the Windward Islands archipelago (Tahiti), three islands in the Marquesas archipelago (Hiva Oa, Nuku Hiva, Tahuata), and two islands in the Leeward Islands archipelago (Raiatea, Tahaa). A total of 133 people was interviewed including 34 specialists (of which 29 experts in herbalism). RESULTS These people mentioned the use of 27 plants for the treatment of diarrhea, and 24 for the treatment of ciguatera. Citrus aurantiifolia, Psidium guajava and Cordyline fruticosa were the three most cited plant species used for treating diarrhea, while Cocos nucifera, Punica granatum and Barringtonia asiatica were the most cited for ciguatera. A large majority of plants are widespread and introduced plants, which is congruent with the history of Polynesian people. While some plants are well known for similar uses (e.g. Psidium guajava for diarrhea, Heliotropium arboreum for ciguatera), others are less well known and may present toxicity risks (e.g. Barringtonia asiatica for ciguatera). CONCLUSION Traditional Polynesian medicine is an integral part of the local culture so important to be preserved and valued. However, more pharmacological and toxicological studies are still needed to determine the benefit-risk balance of some of these remedies and to allow their official integration into the Polynesian health system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Chassagne
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France; Maison des Sciences de l'Homme du Pacifique (USR 2003), Université de la Polynésie Française/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | | | - Frédéric Torrente
- Maison des Sciences de l'Homme du Pacifique (USR 2003), Université de la Polynésie Française/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Eric Conte
- Maison des Sciences de l'Homme du Pacifique (USR 2003), Université de la Polynésie Française/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Raimana Ho
- UMR 214 EIO, Université de Polynésie Française, IFREMER, ILM, IRD, BP 6570, F-98702, Faaa, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Phila Raharivelomanana
- UMR 214 EIO, Université de Polynésie Française, IFREMER, ILM, IRD, BP 6570, F-98702, Faaa, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang JK, He Y, Chen LL, Zhang HX, Qi XJ, Sun L, Zhang SF, Chen J, Zhang RH. A population-based survey of the prevalence of self-reported acute gastrointestinal illness in Zhejiang Province, China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268717. [PMID: 35584149 PMCID: PMC9116671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) is a prevalent public health concern worldwide. This study investigated the magnitude, distribution and burden of self-reported AGI among residents of Zhejiang Province, China. A face-to-face household survey was conducted using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method in 10 counties in Zhejiang Province between July 2018 and June 2019. In total, 12,021 participants were recruited. The prevalence of AGI 28 days after standardization was 1.8% (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6–2.1), with an incidence rate of 0.24 episodes of AGI per person-year and an estimated 14 million cases of AGI in Zhejiang Province. Univariate and multivariable analyses showed a higher AGI prevalence among people who performed housework and were unemployed in summer and autumn among respondents living in western or northern cities (p < 0.05). More than 50% of AGI cases were attributed to the consumption of contaminated food. The disease burden caused by AGI in Zhejiang Province was approximately 975 million Chinses yuan (CNY). These results indicated that the disease burden of AGI in Zhejiang Province should be addressed and highlights the need for an improved active surveillance system of foodborne diseases to assess the impact of AGI on society and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kai Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - He-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Hua Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Climate Change and Gastroenterology: Planetary Primum Non Nocere and How Industry Must Help. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:394-400. [PMID: 35020673 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is a global emergency. Increasing awareness has led to policy changes regarding global industry emissions. The healthcare industry carbon footprint is large and growing more and more. Gastroenterology, with its heavy reliance on industry, is a major contributor toward this growth. For a significant change toward reducing the field's carbon footprint, it would involve serious industry commitment. At present, there are no clear guidelines or regulations on controlling healthcare-related industry emissions and improving sustainability. This narrative review aims to provide practical suggestions at each step of the supply chain can lead to greater sustainability.
Collapse
|
10
|
Harrison J, Nelson K, Morcrette H, Morcrette C, Preston J, Helmer L, Titball RW, Butler CS, Wagley S. The increased prevalence of Vibrio species and the first reporting of Vibrio jasicida and Vibrio rotiferianus at UK shellfish sites. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:117942. [PMID: 35042073 PMCID: PMC8841665 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Warming sea-surface temperature has led to an increase in the prevalence of Vibrio species in marine environments. This can be observed particularly in temperate regions where conditions for their growth has become more favourable. The increased prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species has resulted in a worldwide surge of Vibriosis infections in human and aquatic animals. This study uses sea-surface temperature data around the English and Welsh coastlines to identify locations where conditions for the presence and growth of Vibrio species is favourable. Shellfish samples collected from three locations that were experiencing an increase in sea-surface temperature were found to be positive for the presence of Vibrio species. We identified important aquaculture pathogens Vibrio rotiferianus and Vibrio jasicida from these sites that have not been reported in UK waters. We also isolated human pathogenic Vibrio species including V. parahaemolyticus from these sites. This paper reports the first isolation of V. rotiferianus and V. jasicida from UK shellfish and highlights a growing diversity of Vibrio species inhabiting British waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Harrison
- Biosciences, College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Kathryn Nelson
- Sussex Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority, 12a Riverside Business Centre, Brighton Road, Shoreham BN43 6RE, UK
| | - Helen Morcrette
- Biosciences, College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Joanne Preston
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Luke Helmer
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK; Blue Marine Foundation, Somerset House, London WC2R 1LA, UK
| | - Richard W Titball
- Biosciences, College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Clive S Butler
- Biosciences, College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sariqa Wagley
- Biosciences, College of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang M, Ding X, Wu Y, Sun Y. Temperature and risk of infectious diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68144-68154. [PMID: 34268683 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diarrhea (ID) is an intestinal infectious disease including cholera, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, bacterial and amebic dysentery, and other infectious diarrhea. There are many studies that have explored the relationship between ambient temperature and the spread of infectious diarrhea, but the results are inconsistent. It is necessary to systematically evaluate the impact of temperature on the incidence of ID. This study was based on the PRISMA statement to report this systematic review. We conducted literature searches from CNKI, VIP databases, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and other databases. The number registered in PROSPERO is CRD42021225472. After searching a total of 4915 articles in the database and references, 27 studies were included. The number of people involved exceeded 7.07 million. The overall result demonstrated when the temperature rises, the risk of infectious diarrhea increases significantly (RRcumulative=1.42, 95%CI: 1.07-1.88, RRsingle-day=1.08, 95%CI: 1.03-1.14). Subgroup analysis found the effect of temperature on the bacillary dysentery group (RRcumulative=1.85, 95%CI: 1.48-2.30) and unclassified diarrhea groups (RRcumulative=1.18, 95%CI: 0.59-2.34). The result of the single-day effect subgroup analysis was similar to the result of the cumulative effect. And the sensitivity analysis proved that the results were robust. This systematic review and meta-analysis support that temperature will increase the risk of ID, which is helpful for ID prediction and early warning in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yile Wu
- Department of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leddin D, Omary MB, Veitch A, Metz G, Amrani N, Aabakken L, Ali RAR, Alvares-da-Silva MR, Armstrong D, Boyacioglu S, Chen Y, Elwakil R, Fock KM, Hamid SS, Makharia G, Macrae F, Malekzadeh R, Mulder CJ, Piscoya A, Perman ML, Sadeghi A, Sáenz R, Saurin JC, Butt AS, Wu K, Lee YY. Uniting the Global Gastroenterology Community to Meet the Challenge of Climate Change and Nonrecyclable Waste. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 55:823-829. [PMID: 34617932 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has been described as the greatest public health threat of the 21st century. It has significant implications for digestive health. A multinational team with representation from all continents, excluding Antarctica and covering 18 countries, has formulated a commentary which outlines both the implications for digestive health and ways in which this challenge can be faced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | | | - Geoffrey Metz
- Monash University and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Raja A R Ali
- National University of Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Ye Chen
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Kwong-Ming Fock
- Duke-NUS Medical School and Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Govind Makharia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Finlay Macrae
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roque Sáenz
- Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Kaichun Wu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leddin D, Omary MB, Veitch A, Metz G, Amrani N, Aabakken L, Raja Ali RA, Alvares-Da-Silva MR, Armstrong D, Boyacioglu S, Chen Y, Elwakil R, Fock KM, Hamid SS, Makharia G, Macrae F, Malekzadeh R, Mulder CJ, Piscoya A, Perman ML, Sadeghi A, Saenz R, Saurin JC, Butt AS, Wu K, Yeh Lee Y. Uniting the global gastroenterology community to meet the challenge of climate change and non-recyclable waste. Gut 2021; 70:2025-2029. [PMID: 34620696 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Leddin
- Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Camden, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrew Veitch
- Gastroenterology, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ye Chen
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Kwong-Ming Fock
- Duke-NUS Medical School and Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Finlay Macrae
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Chris J Mulder
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaichun Wu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Leddin D, Omary MB, Veitch A, Metz G, Amrani N, Aabakken L, Raja Ali RA, Alvares-Da-Silva MR, Armstrong D, Boyacioglu S, Chen Y, Elwakil R, Fock KM, Hamid SS, Makharia G, Macrae F, Malekzadeh R, Mulder CJ, Piscoya A, Perman ML, Sadeghi A, Sáenz R, Saurin JC, Butt AS, Wu K, Lee YY. Uniting the Global Gastroenterology Community to Meet the Challenge of Climate Change and Non-Recyclable Waste. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1354-1360. [PMID: 34629165 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Leddin
- Dalhousie University, Canada Chair, WGO Clinical Research Committee
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Rutgers University, United States Past President, American Gastroenterological Association
| | - Andrew Veitch
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals, United Kingdom President Elect, British Society of Gastroenterology
| | - Geoffrey Metz
- Monash University and University of Melbourne, Australia Chair, Climate Change Working Group, WGO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ye Chen
- Southern Medical University, China
| | | | - Kwong-Ming Fock
- Duke-NUS Medical School and Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaichun Wu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Climate Change and Enteric Infections in the Canadian Arctic: Do We Know What’s on the Horizon? GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord3030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Canadian Arctic has a long history with diarrheal disease, including outbreaks of campylobacteriosis, giardiasis, and salmonellosis. Due to climate change, the Canadian Arctic is experiencing rapid environmental transformation, which not only threatens the livelihood of local Indigenous Peoples, but also supports the spread, frequency, and intensity of enteric pathogen outbreaks. Advances in diagnostic testing and detection have brought to attention the current burden of disease due to Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter pylori. As climate change is known to influence pathogen transmission (e.g., food and water), Arctic communities need support in developing prevention and surveillance strategies that are culturally appropriate. This review aims to provide an overview of how climate change is currently and is expected to impact enteric pathogens in the Canadian Arctic.
Collapse
|
16
|
Leddin D, Galts C, McRobert E, Igoe J, Singh H, Sinclair P. The Carbon Cost of Travel to a Medical Conference: Modelling the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021; 5:52-58. [PMID: 35368317 PMCID: PMC8972243 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We estimated and compared the travel related carbon emissions of the annual meeting of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology between the two most common geographical locations of the meeting.
Methods
We modelled the car, train and flight travel journey of each registrant to two annual meetings. One was held in Toronto, close to where the majority of Gastroenterogists live, the other in Banff in the west of the country. We used validated carbon emission outputs per kilometer of travel.
Results
The average per capita distance travelled to the Toronto meeting was 2845 km, resulting in 0.540 tonnes (t) of CO2equivalent (CO2e) emitted per person. When the meeting was held in Banff emissions were 41% higher than those in Toronto with an average distance travelled of 3949 km and 0.760t of CO2e emitted per person. Almost all of the travel related carbon emissions for both meetings were generated by flying.
Conclusions
Even when held close to the largest population centre, there is a large environmental impact from travel to annual meetings. Importantly, choice of meeting location has a very big impact on difference in carbon emissions. Societies need to consider the site of meetings and reduce the number of in-person attendees if they wish to reduce their carbon footprint. Hybrid models participants should be considered. Our analysis also suggests, other medical societies who wish to model their annual meetings can use a simplified model, using flying distance only, to estimate travel-related emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Leddin
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ciaran Galts
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - John Igoe
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Harminder Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ahmed T, Zounemat-Kermani M, Scholz M. Climate Change, Water Quality and Water-Related Challenges: A Review with Focus on Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228518. [PMID: 33212957 PMCID: PMC7698392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate variability is heavily impacting human health all around the globe, in particular, on residents of developing countries. Impacts on surface water and groundwater resources and water-related illnesses are increasing, especially under changing climate scenarios such as diversity in rainfall patterns, increasing temperature, flash floods, severe droughts, heatwaves and heavy precipitation. Emerging water-related diseases such as dengue fever and chikungunya are reappearing and impacting on the life of the deprived; as such, the provision of safe water and health care is in great demand in developing countries to combat the spread of infectious diseases. Government, academia and private water bodies are conducting water quality surveys and providing health care facilities, but there is still a need to improve the present strategies concerning water treatment and management, as well as governance. In this review paper, climate change pattern and risks associated with water-related diseases in developing countries, with particular focus on Pakistan, and novel methods for controlling both waterborne and water-related diseases are discussed. This study is important for public health care, particularly in developing countries, for policy makers, and researchers working in the area of climate change, water quality and risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toqeer Ahmed
- Centre for Climate Research and Development, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | | | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Aukland Park 2006, Johannesburg PO Box 524, South Africa
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Peel Park Campus, Salford M5 4WT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-222-8920
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Williams JA, Kao JY, Omary MB. Reply. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:799. [PMID: 32553547 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A Williams
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John Y Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|