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Danielewski M, Rapak A, Kruszyńska A, Małodobra-Mazur M, Oleszkiewicz P, Dzimira S, Kucharska AZ, Słupski W, Matuszewska A, Nowak B, Szeląg A, Piórecki N, Zaleska-Dorobisz U, Sozański T. Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) Fruit Extract Lowers SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in Liver and Alters Various PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, LXR-α Target Genes in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1199. [PMID: 38256272 PMCID: PMC10816641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits, abundant in iridoids and anthocyanins, are natural products with proven beneficial impacts on the functions of the cardiovascular system and the liver. This study aims to assess and compare whether and to what extent two different doses of resin-purified cornelian cherry extract (10 mg/kg b.w. or 50 mg/kg b.w.) applied in a cholesterol-rich diet rabbit model affect the levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and various liver X receptor-α (LXR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) target genes. Moreover, the aim is to evaluate the resistive index (RI) of common carotid arteries (CCAs) and aortas, and histopathological changes in CCAs. For this purpose, the levels of SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), endothelial lipase (LIPG), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) in liver tissue were measured. Also, the levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin), and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in visceral adipose tissue were measured. The RI of CCAs and aortas, and histopathological changes in CCAs, were indicated. The oral administration of the cornelian cherry extract decreased the SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in both doses. The dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. increased ABCA1 and decreased FAS, CPT1A, and RBP4, and the dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. enhanced ABCG1 and AdipoR2. Mitigations in atheromatous changes in rabbits' CCAs were also observed. The obtained outcomes were compared to the results of our previous works. The beneficial results confirm that cornelian cherry fruit extract may constitute a potentially effective product in the prevention and treatment of obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Danielewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Angelika Kruszyńska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Diagnostics II, Lower Silesian Center of Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology, Grabiszynska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable, and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chelmonskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Słupski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Matuszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, Bolestraszyce 130, 37-722 Wyszatyce, Poland;
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, Cicha 2A, 35-326 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Urszula Zaleska-Dorobisz
- Department of General and Pediatric Radiology, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 50/52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Beasley JMT, Korn DR, Tucker NN, Alves ETM, Muratov EN, Bizon C, Tropsha A. ExEmPLAR (Extracting, Exploring, and Embedding Pathways Leading to Actionable Research): a user-friendly interface for knowledge graph mining. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btad779. [PMID: 38175789 PMCID: PMC10812875 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Knowledge graphs are being increasingly used in biomedical research to link large amounts of heterogenous data and facilitate reasoning across diverse knowledge sources. Wider adoption and exploration of knowledge graphs in the biomedical research community is limited by requirements to understand the underlying graph structure in terms of entity types and relationships, represented as nodes and edges, respectively, and learn specialized query languages for graph mining and exploration. We have developed a user-friendly interface dubbed ExEmPLAR (Extracting, Exploring, and Embedding Pathways Leading to Actionable Research) to aid reasoning over biomedical knowledge graphs and assist with data-driven research and hypothesis generation. We explain the key functionalities of ExEmPLAR and demonstrate its use with a case study considering the relationship of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, to frequently associated cardiovascular conditions. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION ExEmPLAR is freely accessible at https://www.exemplar.mml.unc.edu/. For code and instructions for the using the application, see: https://github.com/beasleyjonm/AOP-COP-Path-Extractor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Michael T Beasley
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel R Korn
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nyssa N Tucker
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erick T M Alves
- Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508, Brazil
| | - Eugene N Muratov
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chris Bizon
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Fan R, An X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu S, Bai J, Li J, Lin Q, Xie Y, Xia Y, Liao J. Severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by Gpihbp1 deficiency facilitates vascular remodeling through increasing endothelial activation and oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159330. [PMID: 37172802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, its impact on non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases remains largely unknown. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) is essential for the hydrolysis of circulating triglycerides and loss of functional GPIHBP1 causes severe HTG. In this study, we used Gpihbp1 knockout (GKO) mice to investigate the potential effects of HTG on non-atherosclerotic vascular remodeling. We compared the aortic morphology and gene expressions between three-month-old and ten-month-old GKO mice and their age-matched wild-type controls. We also conducted similar comparisons between GKO mice and wild-type controls in an angiotensin II (AngII)-induced vascular remodeling model. Our data showed that the intima-media wall of ten-month-old GKO mice but not three-month-olds was significantly thickened compared to wild-type controls. Moreover, ten-month-old GKO mice but not three-month-olds had increased aortic macrophage infiltration and perivascular fibrosis, along with increased endothelial activation and oxidative stress. Similarly, the AngII-induced vascular remodeling, as well as endothelial activation and oxidative stress, were also exacerbated in the GKO mice compared to wild-type controls. In conclusion, we demonstrated that severe HTG caused by Gpihbp1 deficiency could facilitate the onset and progression of non-atherosclerotic vascular remodeling through endothelial activation and oxidative stress in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Xiangbo An
- Department of Interventional Therapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116004, PR China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116004, PR China
| | - Jiatian Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China.
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, PR China.
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Schmalz F, Fischer J, Innes H, Buch S, Möller C, Matz-Soja M, von Schönfels W, Krämer B, Langhans B, Klüners A, Soyka M, Stickel F, Nattermann J, Strassburg CP, Berg T, Lutz P, Nischalke HD. High producer variant of lipoprotein lipase may protect from hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-associated cirrhosis. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100684. [PMID: 36879887 PMCID: PMC9985032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Progression of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is driven by genetic predisposition. The rs13702 variant in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We aimed at clarifying its role in ALD. Methods Patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis, with (n = 385) and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 656), with HCC attributable to viral hepatitis C (n = 280), controls with alcohol abuse without liver damage (n = 366), and healthy controls (n = 277) were genotyped regarding the LPL rs13702 polymorphism. Furthermore, the UK Biobank cohort was analysed. LPL expression was investigated in human liver specimens and in liver cell lines. Results Frequency of the LPL rs13702 CC genotype was lower in ALD with HCC in comparison to ALD without HCC both in the initial (3.9% vs. 9.3%) and the validation cohort (4.7% vs. 9.5%; p <0.05 each) and compared with patients with viral HCC (11.4%), alcohol misuse without cirrhosis (8.7%), or healthy controls (9.0%). This protective effect (odds ratio [OR] = 0.5) was confirmed in multivariate analysis including age (OR = 1.1/year), male sex (OR = 3.0), diabetes (OR = 1.8), and carriage of the PNPLA3 I148M risk variant (OR = 2.0). In the UK Biobank cohort, the LPL rs13702 C allele was replicated as a risk factor for HCC. Liver expression of LPL mRNA was dependent on LPL rs13702 genotype and significantly higher in patients with ALD cirrhosis compared with controls and alcohol-associated HCC. Although hepatocyte cell lines showed negligible LPL protein expression, hepatic stellate cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells expressed LPL. Conclusions LPL is upregulated in the liver of patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis. The LPL rs13702 high producer variant confers protection against HCC in ALD, which might help to stratify people for HCC risk. Impact and implications Hepatocellular carcinoma is a severe complication of liver cirrhosis influenced by genetic predisposition. We found that a genetic variant in the gene encoding lipoprotein lipase reduces the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-associated cirrhosis. This genetic variation may directly affect the liver, because, unlike in healthy adult liver, lipoprotein lipase is produced from liver cells in alcohol-associated cirrhosis.
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Key Words
- ALD, alcohol-associated liver disease
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Alcohol-associated liver disease
- BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Cirrhosis
- FCS, foetal calf serum
- FIB-4, fibrosis 4
- GADPH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase
- HCC
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin
- LPL
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- LSECs, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
- MAF, minor allele frequency
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- OR, odds ratio
- PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- UKB, UK Biobank
- rs13702
- rs328
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schmalz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Janett Fischer
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hamish Innes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephan Buch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Möller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Witigo von Schönfels
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrecht University (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Krämer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Langhans
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Klüners
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Soyka
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany
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5
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Zargar S, Wani TA, Rizwan Ahamad S. An Insight into Wheat Germ Oil Nutrition, Identification of Its Bioactive Constituents and Computer-Aided Multidimensional Data Analysis of Its Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect via Molecular Connections. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020526. [PMID: 36836883 PMCID: PMC9960255 DOI: 10.3390/life13020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat germ oil (WGO) is the richest source of unexplored antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. In this study, we identified the constituents of WGO by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic behaviors were evaluated for the top 12 constituents with the common target FABP4. Three fatty acids with significant anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated for their interaction with FABP4 by molecular docking. The molecular mechanisms involved in anti-inflammatory responses were analyzed by various in-silico analytical tools and multidimensional data analysis. WGO showed anti-inflammatory activities via FABP4 interacting physically with target genes (77.84%) and by co-expressing with 8.01% genes. Primary targets for inflammatory pathways were PPARα, PPARγ, LPL, LEP, and ADIPOQ, as depicted by gene network enrichment analysis. The key pathways implicated were the metabolism of lipids, PPAR signaling, cellular response to alcohol, oxygen and nitrogen pathway, inflammatory response pathway, and regulation of the inflammatory pathway. The common transcription factors implicated were HNF1, AP2α, CEBP, FOX, STATS, MYC, Zic, etc. In this study, we found that WGO possesses anti-inflammatory potential via FABP4 binding to PPARα, PPARγ, LPL, LEP, and ADIPOQ gene expression by regulatory transcription factors HNF, AP2α, and CEPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Rizwan Ahamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhu B, Lei L, Sun Y, Shi X, Fu K, Hua J, Martyniuk CJ, Han J, Yang L, Zhou B. Niclosamide Exposure at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations Efficaciously Inhibited the Growth and Disturbed the Liver-Gut Axis of Adult Male Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11516-11526. [PMID: 35901075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, adult male zebrafish fed a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) were exposed to niclosamide (NIC) at environmentally relevant concentrations to reveal the accumulation and distribution in different tissues and evaluate the effects on liver-gut axis. Chemical analysis indicated that the liver bore a greater burden of NIC compared with the brain and gonads in adult zebrafish, and the HFD-fed fish bore greater burden in their liver and brain than those ND-fed fish. The indications from body weight, growth rate, body mass index, micro-CT images, biochemical and pathological changes confirmed that NIC can efficaciously curb weight gain and improve overloads of in plasma insulin and glucose in HFD-fed zebrafish. However, the potential effects on liver-gut axis in ND-fed zebrafish were also elucidated: NIC disturbed mitochondrial energy production, inhibited the glycemic and triacylglycerol biosynthesis but promoted triacylglycerol and free fatty acid catabolism, therefore reduced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes; NIC also impaired the physical barrier, evoked inflammatory and oxidative stress and led to microbiota dysbiosis in the intestine. There findings highlighted the necessity for evaluating its potential impacts on the health of wild animals as well as human beings upon long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yumiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiongjie Shi
- College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianghuan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Zhou Y, Lei L, Chen P, Guo W, Guo Y, Yang L, Han J, Hu B, Zhou B. Effects of nano-TiO 2 on the bioavailability and toxicity of bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) in developing zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133862. [PMID: 35124078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles like nano-TiO2 are suspected to influence the bioavailability and toxicity of co-existing organic or inorganic pollutants differently in aquatic environment. Recently, bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), a novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) with potential lipid-metabolism disruptive effects, has been detected prevalently in multiple environments including where nano-TiO2 was also observed. However, their interaction in aqueous phase and modification of nano-TiO2 on biological processes and toxicity of TBPH at environmental relevant levels remain unknown. Accordingly, we exposed zebrafish embryos to TBPH (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/L) alone or with nano-TiO2 (100 μg/L) until 72 h post-fertilization (hpf) with emphasis on their physicochemical interactions in solutions and variations of bioavailability and toxicity regarding lipid metabolism in vivo. Zeta potential, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and TEM-EDS revealed adsorption and agglomeration between TBPH and nano-TiO2in vitro. Decreased body contents of nano-TiO2 and TBPH implied a reduction of TBPH in bioavailability. The enhanced lipid metabolism and reduced fat storage by TBPH alone were all alleviated by co-exposure to nano-TiO2. The overall results indicate that nano-TiO2 adsorbed TBPH to form size-enlarged agglomerates and led to decreased bioavailability and consequently mitigated lipid metabolism disorders in developing zebrafish embryo/larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yongyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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8
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Lam L, Ilies MA. Evaluation of the Impact of Esterases and Lipases from the Circulatory System against Substrates of Different Lipophilicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031262. [PMID: 35163184 PMCID: PMC8836011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esterases and lipases can process amphiphilic esters used as drugs and prodrugs and impact their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. These hydrolases can also process ester components of drug delivery systems (DDSs), thus triggering DDSs destabilization with premature cargo release. In this study we tested and optimized assays that allowed us to quantify and compare individual esterase contributions to the degradation of substrates of increased lipophilicity and to establish limitations in terms of substrates that can be processed by a specific esterase/lipase. We have studied the impact of carbonic anhydrase; phospholipases A1, A2, C and D; lipoprotein lipase; and standard lipase on the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate, 4-nitrophenyl palmitate, DGGR and POPC liposomes, drawing structure–property relationships. We found that the enzymatic activity of these proteins was highly dependent on the lipophilicity of the substrate used to assess them, as expected. The activity observed for classical esterases was diminished when lipophilicity of the substrate increased, while activity observed for lipases generally increased, following the interfacial activation model, and was highly dependent on the type of lipase and its structure. The assays developed allowed us to determine the most sensitive methods for quantifying enzymatic activity against substrates of particular types and lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Lam
- College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1803 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Marc A. Ilies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Alzheimer’s Center (ACT), Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-707-1749
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Yeoh SG, Sum JS, Lai JY, W Isa WYH, Lim TS. Potential of Phage Display Antibody Technology for Cardiovascular Disease Immunotherapy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 15:360-380. [PMID: 34467463 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. CVD includes coronary artery diseases such as angina, myocardial infarction, and stroke. "Lipid hypothesis" which is also known as the cholesterol hypothesis proposes the linkage of plasma cholesterol level with the risk of developing CVD. Conventional management involves the use of statins to reduce the serum cholesterol levels as means for CVD prevention or treatment. The regulation of serum cholesterol levels can potentially be regulated with biological interventions like monoclonal antibodies. Phage display is a powerful tool for the development of therapeutic antibodies with successes over the recent decade. Although mainly for oncology, the application of monoclonal antibodies as immunotherapeutic agents could potentially be expanded to CVD. This review focuses on the concept of phage display for antibody development and discusses the potential target antigens that could potentially be beneficial for serum cholesterol management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ghee Yeoh
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jia Siang Sum
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - W Y Haniff W Isa
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 (ANGPTL3) Modulates Lipoprotein Metabolism and Dyslipidemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147310. [PMID: 34298929 PMCID: PMC8304944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is characterized by increasing plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs) and TG-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) and is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorders (ASCVDs). It is important to understand the metabolic mechanisms underlying dyslipidemia to develop effective strategies against ASCVDs. Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3), a member of the angiopoietin-like protein family exclusively synthesized in the liver, has been demonstrated to be a critical regulator of lipoprotein metabolism to inhibit lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Genetic, biochemical, and clinical studies in animals and humans have shown that loss of function, inactivation, or downregulated expression of ANGPTL3 is associated with an obvious reduction in plasma levels of TGs, LDL-C, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), atherosclerotic lesions, and the risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, ANGPTL3 is considered an alternative target for lipid-lowering therapy. Emerging studies have focused on ANGPTL3 inhibition via antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and monoclonal antibody-based therapies, which have been carried out in mouse or monkey models and in human clinical studies for the management of dyslipidemia and ASCVDs. This review will summarize the current literature on the important role of ANGPTL3 in controlling lipoprotein metabolism and dyslipidemia, with an emphasis on anti-ANGPTL3 therapies as a potential strategy for the treatment of dyslipidemia and ASCVDs.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Triglycerides (TGs) are measured as part of routine lipid profiles but their relationship to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been controversial and overshadowed by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiological studies show a clear relationship of TG-containing lipoproteins including remnant particles with CVD risk with the effect being most clearly demonstrated through the excess risk captured by non-HDL-C compared with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Mendelian randomisation studies show a consistent relationship of gene variants linked to TG metabolism with rates of CVD. Furthermore, meta-analyses of intervention trials with statins and other nonstatin drugs also suggest that reducing TGs is associated with benefits on rates of CVD events. Historical subgroup data from fibrate trials suggest benefits in patients with high TG:HDL ratios but seem to add little to optimized statin therapy. Recent trials with omega-3 fatty acids (specifically eicosapentaenoic acid) have suggested that high-dose formulations in contrast to low dose formulations have benefits on CVD outcomes. SUMMARY Further studies with newer agents are required to determine the place of TG-lowering drugs in therapeutic pathways. Trials with agents such as pemafibrate and vupanorsen may finally answer these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony S Wierzbicki
- Metabolic Medicine/Chemical Pathology, Guy's & St Thomas Hospitals, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Zirpoli H, Chang CL, Carpentier YA, Michael-Titus AT, Ten VS, Deckelbaum RJ. Novel Approaches for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapeutics: Chronic Versus Acute Administration to Protect Heart, Brain, and Spinal Cord. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:161-187. [PMID: 32966188 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews novel approaches for omega-3 fatty acid (FA) therapeutics and the linked molecular mechanisms in cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In vitro and in vivo research studies indicate that omega-3 FAs affect synergic mechanisms that include modulation of cell membrane fluidity, regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, and production of bioactive mediators. We compare how chronic and acute treatments with omega-3 FAs differentially trigger pathways of protection in heart, brain, and spinal cord injuries. We also summarize recent omega-3 FA randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses and discuss possible reasons for controversial results, with suggestions on improving the study design for future clinical trials. Acute treatment with omega-3 FAs offers a novel approach for preserving cardiac and neurological functions, and the combinations of acute treatment with chronic administration of omega-3 FAs might represent an additional therapeutic strategy for ameliorating adverse cardiovascular and CNS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Chuchun L Chang
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Yvon A Carpentier
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Nutrition Lipid Developments, SPRL, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery, and Trauma, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Vadim S Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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MAPK-interacting kinase 2 (MNK2) regulates adipocyte metabolism independently of its catalytic activity. Biochem J 2020; 477:2735-2754. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (MNKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that are activated by the ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated kinase) and p38α/β MAPK pathways. The MNKs have previously been implicated in metabolic disease and shown to mediate diet-induced obesity. In particular, knockout of MNK2 in mice protects from the weight gain induced by a high-fat diet. These and other data suggest that MNK2 regulates the expansion of adipose tissue (AT), a stable, long-term energy reserve that plays an important role in regulating whole-body energy homeostasis. Using the well-established mouse 3T3-L1 in vitro model of adipogenesis, the role of the MNKs in adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage was investigated. Inhibition of MNK activity using specific inhibitors failed to impair adipogenesis or lipid accumulation, suggesting that MNK activity is not required for adipocyte differentiation and does not regulate lipid storage. However, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) knock-down of MNK2 did reduce lipid accumulation and regulated the levels of two major lipogenic transcriptional regulators, ChREBP (carbohydrate response element-binding protein) and LPIN1 (Lipin-1). These factors are responsible for controlling the expression of genes for proteins involved in de novo lipogenesis and triglyceride synthesis. The knock-down of MNK2 also increased the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase which catalyses the breakdown of triglyceride. These findings identify MNK2 as a regulator of adipocyte metabolism, independently of its catalytic activity, and reveal some of the mechanisms by which MNK2 drives AT expansion. The development of an MNK2-targeted therapy may, therefore, be a useful intervention for reducing weight caused by excessive nutrient intake.
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Higher ANGPTL3, apoC-III, and apoB48 dyslipidemia, and lower lipoprotein lipase concentrations are associated with dysfunctional visceral fat in adolescents with obesity. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:61-68. [PMID: 32407781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that adolescents with obesity have higher remnant B48 concentrations associated with lipoprotein lipase dysregulation. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 32 adolescents with obesity and 27 control subjects. RESULTS As compared to lean controls, obese participants showed 35% higher concentrations of apoB48: 3.60 (2.93-4.30) vs 2.65 (1.64-3.68) ng/ml; 28% of apoC-III: (72.7 (58.6-89.7) vs 56.9 (44.8-79.8 ug/ml and 17% ANGPTL 3: (72.2 ± 20.2 vs 61.2 ± 19.2 ng/ml). This was accompanied by a 33% reduction in LPL: 13.1 ± 5.1 vs 18.9 ± 4.7 ng/ml. Obese participants had 25% lower adiponectin 2.9 (1.9-3.8) vs 4.4 (3.2.-5.2) μg/ml; 260% higher leptin 25.7 (11.2-44.8) vs 9.3 (2.8-20.7) ng/ml c and 83% higher Il-6: 2.2 (1.3-5.4) vs 1.2 (0.8-1.4) pg/ml. ApoC-III and ANGPTL3 correlated positively with VAI; ANGPTL3 negatively with HDL-C; LDL size and VLDL-C. ApoB48 correlated negatively with LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with obesity show higher ANGPTL3 compounded with increased apoC-III associated with increased CR and lower LPL mass. This is associated with inflammation and visceral fat. The significance of these findings resides in that they shed light on a mechanism for TRL dyslipidemia in adolescents: increased LPL inhibition impairs VLDL and chylomicron catabolism leading to atherogenic remnants.
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