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Santiago S, Ochoa Díaz ME, Zazpe I, Hershey MS, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martínez González MÁ. Association between overall quality of macronutrients and incidence of overweight and obesity in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) cohort. NUTR HOSP 2024. [PMID: 39054857 DOI: 10.20960/nh.05181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION no previous large prospective studies have assessed the global quality of macronutrients in association with the risk of overweight/obesity. OBJECTIVE to prospectively assess the association of an overall macronutrient quality index (MQI) with weight change and the incidence of overweight/obesity in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. METHODS the diet of 9,344 Spanish university graduates (mean age: 36.5 [SD, 11.1]) was assessed through a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire. The MQI was calculated as the sum of the Carbohydrate Quality Index, the Fat Quality Index, and the Healthy Plate Protein Quality Index. Participants were classified into groups according to MQI. Incident overweight/obesity was defined if follow-up questionnaires indicated BMI was ≥ 25 kg/m2. Multiple linear regression models and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the average yearly weight change and the risk of overweight/obesity over follow-up time. RESULTS 2,465 cases of incident overweight/obesity were identified (median follow-up: 10.7 years). Increasing MQI was significantly associated with lower annual weight gain (g): ß coefficient: -99.0, (95 % CI: -173.6 to -24.5) in the Q4 vs Q1, p for trend = 0.007. In the fully adjusted model the incidences of overweight/obesity in Q4 and Q1 were 21.7 % (431 cases) and 29.3 % (954 cases), respectively. The adjusted HR was 0.87 (95 % CI, 0.77-0.98, p for trend = 0.036). When we used repeated analyses updating the MQI after 10 years of follow-up, results remained similar. CONCLUSIONS a significant inverse association between a multidimensional MQI and the risk of overweight/obesity was found in this Mediterranean cohort of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Santiago
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology. Universidad de Navarra. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)
| | | | - Itziar Zazpe
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology. Universidad de Navarra. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn). Instituto de Salud Carlos III
| | | | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Facultad de Medicina. Clínica Universidad de Navarra
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn). Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Facultad de Medicina. Clínica Universidad de Navarra
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Santos-Báez LS, Díaz-Rizzolo DA, Popp CJ, Shaw D, Fine KS, Altomare A, St-Onge MP, Manoogian ENC, Panda S, Cheng B, Laferrère B. Diet and Meal Pattern Determinants of Glucose Levels and Variability in Adults with and without Prediabetes or Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1295. [PMID: 38732543 PMCID: PMC11085124 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This observational pilot study examined the association between diet, meal pattern and glucose over a 2-week period under free-living conditions in 26 adults with dysglycemia (D-GLYC) and 14 with normoglycemia (N-GLYC). We hypothesized that a prolonged eating window and late eating occasions (EOs), along with a higher dietary carbohydrate intake, would result in higher glucose levels and glucose variability (GV). General linear models were run with meal timing with time-stamped photographs in real time, and diet composition by dietary recalls, and their variability (SD), as predictors and glucose variables (mean glucose, mean amplitude of glucose excursions [MAGE], largest amplitude of glucose excursions [LAGE] and GV) as dependent variables. After adjusting for calories and nutrients, a later eating midpoint predicted a lower GV (β = -2.3, SE = 1.0, p = 0.03) in D-GLYC, while a later last EO predicted a higher GV (β = 1.5, SE = 0.6, p = 0.04) in N-GLYC. A higher carbohydrate intake predicted a higher MAGE (β = 0.9, SE = 0.4, p = 0.02) and GV (β = 0.4, SE = 0.2, p = 0.04) in N-GLYC, but not D-GLYC. In summary, our data suggest that meal patterns interact with dietary composition and should be evaluated as potential modifiable determinants of glucose in adults with and without dysglycemia. Future research should evaluate causality with controlled diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leinys S. Santos-Báez
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Diana A. Díaz-Rizzolo
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Health Science Faculty, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Collin J. Popp
- Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Department of Population Health, New York Langone Health Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Delaney Shaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Keenan S. Fine
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Annemarie Altomare
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily N. C. Manoogian
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (E.N.C.M.)
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (E.N.C.M.)
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Blandine Laferrère
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Rey-García J, Mérida DM, Donat-Vargas C, Sandoval-Insausti H, Rodríguez-Ayala M, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Guallar-Castillón P. Less Favorable Nutri-Score Consumption Ratings Are Prospectively Associated with Abdominal Obesity in Older Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1020. [PMID: 38613053 PMCID: PMC11013145 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutri-Score is a front-of-package (FOP) labeling designed to assist consumers in selecting healthier options at the point of purchase and ultimately enhance their health. This study aims to evaluate the association between the Nutri-Score system and incident abdominal obesity (AO) in community-dwelling older adults. A prospective cohort of 628 individuals aged ≥ 60 were recruited in Spain between 2008-2010 and were reexamined between 2015-2017. Dietary intake was evaluated utilizing a validated computerized dietary history. Food was categorized based on the Nutri-Score system into five levels from A (green, representing the best quality) to E (red, representing the poorest quality). A five-color Nutri-Score dietary index (5-CNS DI) in g/day/kg was calculated for each participant. AO was determined by a waist circumference (WC) of ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women. Logistic regression models were adjusted for the main potential confounders. During a mean six-year follow-up, 184 incident cases of AO occurred. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for AO, when comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of the 5-CNS DI, were 2.45 (1.17-5.14), with a p-value for trend of 0.035. In sensitivity analyses, the OR was 2.59 (1.22-5.52, p-trend: 0.032) after adjustment for WC at baseline, and 1.75 (0.74-4.18, p-trend: 0.316) after adjustment for ultra-processed food consumption. In conclusion, less favorable food-consumption ratings in the Nutri-Score are associated with incident AO in the elderly. These findings support the use of this FOP system to potentially improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Rey-García
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
| | - Diana María Mérida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- ISGlobal-Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Montserrat Rodríguez-Ayala
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ramón Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.M.); (M.R.-A.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Rose AJ, Rusu PM. A leucine-macrophage mTORC1 connection drives increased risk of atherosclerosis with high-protein diets. Nat Metab 2024; 6:203-204. [PMID: 38409322 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rose
- Nutrient Metabolism & Signalling Laboratory, Dept. Of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Patricia M Rusu
- Nutrient Metabolism & Signalling Laboratory, Dept. Of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Na K, Park YJ. Protein Restriction in Metabolic Health: Lessons from Rodent Models. Nutrients 2024; 16:229. [PMID: 38257122 PMCID: PMC10819042 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of protein-rich diets and supplements has been increasingly advocated by individuals seeking to optimize metabolic health and mitigate the effects of aging. Protein intake is postulated to support muscle mass retention and enhance longevity, underscoring its perceived benefits in age-related metabolic regulation. However, emerging evidence presents a paradox; while moderate protein consumption contributes to health maintenance, an excessive intake is associated with an elevated risk of chronic diseases, notably obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that reducing the ratio of protein intake to macronutrients improves metabolic parameters and extends lifespan. The aim of this study is to review the current evidence concerning the metabolic effects of protein-restricted diets and their potential mechanisms. Utilizing rodent models, investigations have revealed that protein-restricted diets exert a notable influence over food intake and energy consumption, ultimately leading to body weight loss, depending on the degree of dietary protein restriction. These phenotypic alterations are primarily mediated by the FGF21 signaling pathway, whose activation is likely regulated by ATF4 and the circadian clock. The evidence suggests that protein-restricted diets as an alternative approach to calorie-restricted regimes, particularly in overweight or obese adults. However, more research is needed to determine the optimal level of restriction, duration, and long-term effects of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuhee Na
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Daftari G, Tehrani AN, Pashayee-Khamene F, Karimi S, Ahmadzadeh S, Hekmatdoost A, Salehpour A, Saber-Firoozi M, Hatami B, Yari Z. Dietary protein intake and mortality among survivors of liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:227. [PMID: 37400778 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is a worldwide burden and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, including increased mortality. The beneficial effects of dietary modifications in reducing morbidity and mortality are inevitable. AIM The current study aimed to evaluate the potential association of dietary protein intake with the cirrhosis-related mortality. METHODS In this cohort study, 121 ambulatory cirrhotic patients with at least 6 months of cirrhosis diagnosis were followed-up for 48 months. A 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire was used for dietary intake assessment. Total dietary protein was classified as dairy, vegetable and animal protein. We estimated crude and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), applying Cox proportional hazard analyses. RESULTS After full adjustment for confounders, analyses showed that total (HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.2-1.1, p trend = 0.045) and dairy (HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.13-1.1, p trend = 0.046) protein intake was associated with a 62% lower risk of cirrhosis-related mortality. While a higher intake of animal protein was associated with a 3.8-fold increase in the risk of mortality in patients (HR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.7-8.2, p trend = 0.035). Higher intake of vegetable protein was inversely but not significantly associated with mortality risk. CONCLUSION A comprehensive evaluation of the associations of dietary protein intake with cirrhosis-related mortality indicated that a higher intakes of total and dairy protein and a lower intakes of animal protein are associated with a reduced risk of mortality in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Daftari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Neshatbini Tehrani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Pashayee-Khamene
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Karimi
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saleheh Ahmadzadeh
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Salehpour
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Saber-Firoozi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, West Arghavan St. Farahzadi Blvd., Sharake Qods, Tehran, Iran.
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Shi Q, Qi K. Developmental origins of health and disease: Impact of paternal nutrition and lifestyle. Pediatr Investig 2023; 7:111-131. [PMID: 37324600 PMCID: PMC10262906 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Most epidemiological and experimental studies have focused on maternal influences on offspring's health. The impact of maternal undernutrition, overnutrition, hypoxia, and stress is linked to adverse offspring outcomes across a range of systems including cardiometabolic, respiratory, endocrine, and reproduction among others. During the past decade, it has become evident that paternal environmental factors are also linked to the development of diseases in offspring. In this article, we aim to outline the current understanding of the impact of male health and environmental exposure on offspring development, health, and disease and explore the mechanisms underlying the paternal programming of offspring health. The available evidence suggests that poor paternal pre-conceptional nutrition and lifestyle, and advanced age can increase the risk of negative outcomes in offspring, via both direct (genetic/epigenetic) and indirect (maternal uterine environment) effects. Beginning at preconception, and during utero and the early life after birth, cells acquire an epigenetic memory of the early exposure which can be influential across the entire lifespan and program a child's health. Potentially not only mothers but also fathers should be advised that maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle is important to improve offspring health as well as the parental health status. However, the evidence is mostly based on animal studies, and well-designed human studies are urgently needed to verify findings from animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Shi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Kemin Qi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
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A path analysis to investigate the interaction between serum, urinary and demographic factors influencing urine calcium in kidney stone formers. Int Urol Nephrol 2023:10.1007/s11255-023-03461-z. [PMID: 36780048 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercalciuria is one of the most important urinary risk factors in kidney stone formers. This study aimed to delineate the interaction of some demographic, serum, and urinary risk factors influencing 24-h urinary (24-U) calcium excretion. METHODS This study was secondary data analysis, using data from 593 kidney stone patients referred to the Labbafinejad kidney stone prevention clinic from March 2015 to May 2019. The study considered serum, urinary and demographic factors that interact to influence 24-U calcium using path analysis. In addition to the direct impact of predictors on the 24-U calcium, this analysis considered the effects of the predictors on the 24-U calcium transmitted by a mediating variable named indirect effects. RESULTS The results showed that age indirectly affected on 24-U calcium through 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), serum and 24-U creatinine. As well, weight had an indirect effect through 24-urine metabolites (creatinine, citrate, urea, and sodium). Among serum variables, PTH and creatinine significantly directly affected on 24-U calcium. In comparison, 25(OH)D and phosphorus appeared to influence 24-U calcium indirectly through serum parathormone. Regarding 24-U metabolites, sodium, urea, and citrate had a significant direct effect on 24-U calcium. Moreover, 24-U creatinine has a significant direct and indirect effect on 24-U calcium through citrate and urea as mediator variables. CONCLUSION Serum 25(OH)D and phosphorus, along with age and weight, indirectly affected urinary calcium through a third variable. Other variables (PTH, serum creatinine, and 24-U sodium, urea, and citrate) showed a direct effect on 24-U calcium excretion.
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Zheng L, Cai J, Feng YH, Su X, Chen SY, Liu JZ, Li WL, Ouyang RQ, Ma JR, Cheng C, Mu YJ, Zhang SW, He KY, Zeng FF, Ye YB. The association between dietary branched-chain amino acids and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A hospital-based case-control study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:999189. [PMID: 36313094 PMCID: PMC9614346 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.999189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed conflicting evidence on the association between the intake of dietary branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, this relationship has not been studied in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of total and individual dietary BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) intake on CVD risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes in China. Materials and methods A total of 419 patients with type 2 diabetes who have been diagnosed with CVD (within 2 weeks) were recruited between March 2013 and September 2015 in China. Cases with CVD were 1:1 matched to controls with type 2 diabetes but without CVD by age (±5 years) and sex. A validated 79-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was administered to assess the participants' dietary data. Total dietary BCAA per individual was the summation of the daily intake of isoleucine, leucine, and valine. OR and corresponding CIs were computed by conditional logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results Median values of the daily intake of total BCAA were 11.87 g, with an interquartile range of 10.46–13.15 g for cases, and 12.47 g, with an interquartile range of 11.08–13.79 g for controls (P = 0.001). Dietary BCAA was inversely related to CVD risk after multivariable adjustment (OR Q4−Q1 = 0.23, 95%CI = 0.10, 0.51, P trend <0.001 for total BCAA; OR Q4−Q1 = 0.20, 95%CI = 0.07, 0.53, P trend = 0.001 for leucine). For each 1-S.D. increase in total dietary BCAA, leucine or valine intake was associated with 54% (95%CI = 29%, 70%, P = 0.001), 64% (95%CI = 29%, 82%, P = 0.003), or 54% (95%CI = 1%, 79%, P = 0.049) decrease in the risk of CVD, respectively. Whole grains, starchy vegetables, mushrooms, fruit, eggs, and dairy and dairy product-derived BCAA were found to attenuate CVD risk (P ranged: = 0.002–0.027). Conclusion Higher BCAA intake, in particular leucine and valine, might be associated with a lower risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-hui Feng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-yun Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-zi Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-lin Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-qing Ouyang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-rong Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-jun Mu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-wen Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-yin He
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-fang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Fang-fang Zeng
| | - Yan-bin Ye
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yan-bin Ye
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Nutrients and Dietary Approaches in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114150. [PMID: 34836405 PMCID: PMC8622886 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The prevalence of CVD is much higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who may benefit from lifestyle changes, which include adapted diets. In this review, we provide the role of different groups of nutrients in patients with T2DM and CVD, as well as dietary approaches that have been associated with better and worse outcomes in those patients. Many different diets and supplements have proved to be beneficial in T2DM and CVD, but further studies, guidelines, and dietary recommendations are particularly required for patients with both diseases.
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