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Demey LM, Sinha R, DiRita VJ. An essential host dietary fatty acid promotes TcpH inhibition of TcpP proteolysis promoting virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. mBio 2024:e0072124. [PMID: 38958446 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00721-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative gastrointestinal pathogen responsible for the diarrheal disease cholera. Expression of key virulence factors, cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus, is regulated directly by ToxT and indirectly by two transmembrane transcription regulators (TTRs), ToxR and TcpP, that promote the expression of toxT. TcpP abundance and activity are controlled by TcpH, a single-pass transmembrane protein, which protects TcpP from a two-step proteolytic process known as regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). The mechanism of TcpH-mediated protection of TcpP represents a major gap in our understanding of V. cholerae pathogenesis. The absence of tcpH leads to unimpeded degradation of TcpP in vitro and a colonization defect in a neonate mouse model of V. cholerae colonization. Here, we show that TcpH protects TcpP from RIP via direct interaction. We also demonstrate that α-linolenic acid, a dietary fatty acid, promotes TcpH-dependent inhibition of RIP via co-association of TcpP and TcpH molecules within detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) in a mechanism requiring the TcpH transmembrane domain. Taken together, our data support a model where V. cholerae cells use exogenous α-linolenic acid to remodel the phospholipid bilayer in vivo, leading to co-association of TcpP and TcpH within DRMs where RIP of TcpP is inhibited by TcpH, thereby promoting V. cholerae pathogenicity. IMPORTANCE Vibrio cholerae continues to pose a significant global burden on health and an alternative therapeutic approach is needed, due to evolving multidrug resistance strains. Transcription of toxT, stimulated by TcpP and ToxR, is essential for V. cholerae pathogenesis. Our results show that TcpP, one of the major regulators of toxT gene expression, is protected from proteolysis by TcpH, via direct interaction. Furthermore, we identified a gut metabolite, α-linolenic acid, that stimulates the co-association of TcpP and TcpH within detergent-resistant membranes (also known as lipid-ordered membrane domains), thereby supporting TcpH-dependent antagonism of TcpP proteolysis. Data presented here extend our knowledge of RIP, virulence gene regulation in V. cholerae, and, to the best of our knowledge, provides the first evidence that lipid-ordered membranes exist within V. cholerae. The model presented here also suggests that TTRs, common among bacteria and archaea, and co-component signal transduction systems present in Enterobacteria, could also be influenced similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Demey
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ritam Sinha
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Victor J DiRita
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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2
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Igal RA. Death and the desaturase: implication of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in the mechanisms of cell stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00125-1. [PMID: 38823621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Growth and proliferation of normal and cancerous cells necessitate a finely-tuned regulation of lipid metabolic pathways to ensure the timely supply of structural, energetic, and signaling lipid molecules. The synthesis and remodeling of lipids containing fatty acids with an appropriate carbon length and insaturation level are required for supporting each phase of the mechanisms of cell replication and survival. Mammalian Stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCD), particularly SCD1, play a crucial role in modulating the fatty acid composition of cellular lipids, converting saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Extensive research has elucidated in great detail the participation of SCD1 in the molecular mechanisms that govern cell replication in normal and cancer cells. More recently, investigations have shed new light on the functional and regulatory role of the Δ9-desaturase in the processes of cell stress and cell death. This review will examine the latest findings on the involvement of SCD1 in the molecular pathways of cell survival, particularly on the mechanisms of ER stress and autophagy, as well in apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Igal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York.
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3
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Jayathilake AG, Luwor RB, Nurgali K, Su XQ. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with the Inhibitory Role of Long Chain n-3 PUFA in Colorectal Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241243024. [PMID: 38708673 PMCID: PMC11072084 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241243024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Multiple evidence suggests that there is an association between excess fat consumption and the risk of CRC. The long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential for human health, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these fatty acids can prevent CRC development through various molecular mechanisms. These include the modulation of arachidonic acid (AA) derived prostaglandin synthesis, alteration of growth signaling pathways, arrest of the cell cycle, induction of cell apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis and modulation of inflammatory response. Human clinical studies found that LC n-3 PUFA combined with chemotherapeutic agents can improve the efficacy of treatment and reduce the dosage of chemotherapy and associated side effects. In this review, we discuss comprehensively the anti-cancer effects of LC n-3 PUFA on CRC, with a main focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodney Brain Luwor
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Muscular Skeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiao Qun Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Chuchueva N, Carta F, Nguyen HN, Luevano J, Lewis IA, Rios-Castillo I, Fanos V, King E, Swistushkin V, Reshetov I, Rusetsky Y, Shestakova K, Moskaleva N, Mariani C, Castillo-Carniglia A, Grapov D, Fahrmann J, La Frano MR, Puxeddu R, Appolonova SA, Brito A. Metabolomics of head and neck cancer in biofluids: an integrative systematic review. Metabolomics 2023; 19:77. [PMID: 37644353 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the fifth most common cancer globally. Diagnosis at early stages are critical to reduce mortality and improve functional and esthetic outcomes associated with HNC. Metabolomics is a promising approach for discovery of biomarkers and metabolic pathways for risk assessment and early detection of HNC. OBJECTIVES To summarize and consolidate the available evidence on metabolomics and HNC in plasma/serum, saliva, and urine. METHODS A systematic search of experimental research was executed using PubMed and Web of Science. Available data on areas under the curve was extracted. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis were performed to identify metabolic pathways altered in HNC. Fifty-four studies were eligible for data extraction (33 performed in plasma/serum, 15 in saliva and 6 in urine). RESULTS Metabolites with high discriminatory performance for detection of HNC included single metabolites and combination panels of several lysoPCs, pyroglutamate, glutamic acid, glucose, tartronic acid, arachidonic acid, norvaline, linoleic acid, propionate, acetone, acetate, choline, glutamate and others. The glucose-alanine cycle and the urea cycle were the most altered pathways in HNC, among other pathways (i.e. gluconeogenesis, glycine and serine metabolism, alanine metabolism, etc.). Specific metabolites that can potentially serve as complementary less- or non-invasive biomarkers, as well as metabolic pathways integrating the data from the available studies, are presented. CONCLUSION The present work highlights utility of metabolite-based biomarkers for risk assessment, early detection, and prognostication of HNC, as well as facilitates incorporation of available metabolomics studies into multi-omics data integration and big data analytics for personalized health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chuchueva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Central State Medical Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Filippo Carta
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Hoang N Nguyen
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jennifer Luevano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Isaiah A Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | | | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Cagliari, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emma King
- Cancer Research Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Otolaryngology, Poole Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Longfleet Road, Poole, UK
| | | | - Igor Reshetov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Rusetsky
- Central State Medical Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Otorhinolaryngological Surgical Department With a Group of Head and Neck Diseases, National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia Shestakova
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Moskaleva
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Cinzia Mariani
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia
- Society and Health Research Center, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Artes, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policies (nDP) and Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine (SocioMed), Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Michael R La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
- Cal Poly Metabolomics Service Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
- Roy J.Carver Metabolomics Core Facility, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Puxeddu
- King's College Hospital London, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Svetlana A Appolonova
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Center of Forensic-Medical Expertise of Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alex Brito
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First, Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Moon YA. Emerging roles of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway in colorectal cancer. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:61-71. [PMID: 36970499 PMCID: PMC10035963 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2189933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer typically involves the accumulated influences of genetic alterations, medical issues, lifestyle, and diet. Dietary fatty acids appear to affect the tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. Despite conflicting results, the current consensus on the effects of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on colorectal cancer is that low levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and high levels of arachidonic acid are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Altered levels of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids can change the levels of prostaglandin E2, which affect the biological activities of cancer cells in multiple stages. Arachidonic acid and other very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can affect tumorigenesis in prostaglandin E2-independent manners as well, including stabilization of β-catenine, ferroptosis, ROS generation, regulation of transcription factors, and de novo lipogenesis. Recent studies have revealed an association between the activities of enzymes synthesizing very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and tumorigenesis and cancer progression, although the mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, PUFA effects on tumorigenesis, the endogenous very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway, metabolites of arachidonic acid and their effects on tumorigenesis and progression of CRC, and current knowledge that supports the association of the enzymes involved in the polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway with colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and progression are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
- Young-Ah Moon Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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Caponio GR, Lippolis T, Tutino V, Gigante I, De Nunzio V, Milella RA, Gasparro M, Notarnicola M. Nutraceuticals: Focus on Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Cancer, Antioxidant Properties in Gastrointestinal Tract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071274. [PMID: 35883765 PMCID: PMC9312044 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nutraceuticals have gained great popularity, owing to their physiological and potential health effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, and prebiotic effects, and their regulation of lipid metabolism. Since the Mediterranean diet is a nutritionally recommended dietary pattern including high-level consumption of nutraceuticals, this review aimed to summarize the main results obtained by our in vitro and in vivo studies on the effects of the major constituents of the Mediterranean diet (i.e., extra virgin olive oil compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fruit components). Based on experimental studies, the therapeutic purpose of nutraceuticals depends on their bioavailability, solubility, toxicity, and delivery system. This review provides more in-depth knowledge on the effects linked to nutraceuticals administration on human health, focusing the gastrointestinal tract and suggesting specific dietary components for personalized adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Caponio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Tamara Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Valeria Tutino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Isabella Gigante
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Valentina De Nunzio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Rosa Anna Milella
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, 70010 Bari, Italy; (R.A.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marica Gasparro
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Turi, 70010 Bari, Italy; (R.A.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (G.R.C.); (T.L.); (V.T.); (I.G.); (V.D.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-4994342
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Fasting and Exercise in Oncology: Potential Synergism of Combined Interventions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103421. [PMID: 34684421 PMCID: PMC8537603 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and exercise interventions are strongly recommended for most cancer patients; however, much debate exists about the best prescription. Combining fasting with exercise is relatively untouched within the oncology setting. Separately, fasting has demonstrated reductions in chemotherapy-related side effects and improved treatment tolerability and effectiveness. Emerging evidence suggests fasting may have a protective effect on healthy cells allowing chemotherapy to exclusively target cancer cells. Exercise is commonly recommended and attenuates treatment- and cancer-related adverse changes to body composition, quality of life, and physical function. Given their independent benefits, in combination, fasting and exercise may induce synergistic effects and further improve cancer-related outcomes. In this narrative review, we provide a critical appraisal of the current evidence of fasting and exercise as independent interventions in the cancer population and discuss the potential benefits and mechanisms of combined fasting and exercise on cardiometabolic, body composition, patient-reported outcomes, and cancer-related outcomes. Our findings suggest that within the non-cancer population combined fasting and exercise is a viable strategy to improve health-related outcomes, however, its safety and efficacy in the oncology setting remain unknown. Therefore, we also provide a discussion on potential safety issues and considerations for future research in the growing cancer population.
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Aresta A, De Santis S, Carocci A, Barbarossa A, Ragusa A, De Vietro N, Clodoveo ML, Corbo F, Zambonin C. Determination of Commercial Animal and Vegetable Milks' Lipid Profile and Its Correlation with Cell Viability and Antioxidant Activity on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:5645. [PMID: 34577116 PMCID: PMC8465430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids from milk are important nutritional components, although their health effects, especially for animal milks, are still questioned. Four types of commercial milks, two semi-skimmed animal milks (bovine and goat) and two vegetable ones (soy and rice), along with their total and free lipid fractions recovered by sequential centrifugation or by ethyl acetate extraction, respectively, have been analyzed. A higher antioxidant ability, reported as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, was found for all raw milks compared to that of rice. This trend was confirmed, except for soy milk, as ROS reduction in Caco-2 cells. The free lipid fraction was shown to have the highest antioxidant potential in both chemical and biological tests. Moreover, goat and soy raw milks positively regulated Caco-2 cell viability after an inflammatory stimulus. This effect was lost when their total lipid fraction was tested. Finally, only the free lipid fraction from rice milk preserved the Caco-2 viability after LPS stimulation. Our data demonstrated that the lipid profile of each milk, characterized by GC-MS analysis, could contribute to dictate its biological effects, and, although additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed, they could support the literature re-evaluating the health effects of animal-based versus plant-based milks in the intestinal cellular model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Aresta
- Department of Chemistry, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (N.D.V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Alexia Barbarossa
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta De Vietro
- Department of Chemistry, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (N.D.V.); (C.Z.)
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Carlo Zambonin
- Department of Chemistry, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (N.D.V.); (C.Z.)
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9
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Faramarzi E, Mohammadzadeh M, Sanaie S, Andersen V, Mahdavi R. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on serum leptin levels, oxidative stress factors and tumor marker in rectal cancer patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-200507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammation is considered as one of the major factors in chemoradiotherapy toxicity. It has been reported that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of CLA supplementation on serum levels of leptin, interleukin 8 (IL-8), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: In this study, 34 rectal cancer patients were allocated to either the CLA group, who received four 1000 mg capsules (each capsule containing 760 mg CLA; 4 capsules providing 3 g CLA) 3 times/day, or the placebo group, who received 4 placebo capsules 3 times/day, for 6 weeks. RESULTS: The mean serum leptin level insignificantly increased in both groups; however, this elevation was remarkable in the CLA group. CLA supplementation reduced IL-8 by –0.62 pg/mL while placebo supplementation decreased it by –0.44 pg/mL. CEA levels were decreased by CLA supplementation, while its reduction in the placebo group was negligible compared to the CLA group. The elevation of MDA levels after CLA supplementation was about half of the placebo group in the CLA group. CONCLUSION: Since this study was the first to assess the effect of CLA supplementation on a small number of cancer patients, it is suggested further studies are conducted on larger sample size with various doses of CLA to obtain more clear results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Faramarzi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Radiotherapy, Emam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Organ Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Dupertuis YM, Boulens N, Angibaud E, Briod AS, Viglione A, Allémann E, Delie F, Pichard C. Antitumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil-Loaded Liposomes Containing n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Two Different Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:36. [PMID: 33404935 PMCID: PMC7788038 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) could act synergistically with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to kill cancer cells. To facilitate their simultaneous transport in the bloodstream, we synthesized, for the first time, liposomes (LIPUFU) containing 5-FU in the aqueous core and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at a ratio of 1:2 in the lipid bilayer. LIPUFU werestable with uniform size of 154 ± 4 nm, PDI of 0.19 ± 0.03 and zeta potential of -41 ± 2 mV. They contained 557 ± 210 μmol/l DHA, 1467 ± 362 μmol/l EPA, and 9.8 ± 1.1 μmol/l 5-FU. Control liposomes without (LIP) or with only 5-FU (LIFU) or n-3 PUFAs (LIPU) were produced in a similar way. The effects of these different liposomal formulations on the cell cycle, growth, and apoptosis were evaluated in two human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines differing in sensitivity to 5-FU, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses. LIPUFU were more cytotoxic than LIP, LIFU, and LIPU in both LS174T (p53+/+, bax-/-) and HT-29 (p53-/0, bax+/+) cell lines. Similar to LIFU, LIPUFU increased the percentage of cells in S phase, apoptosis, and/or necrosis. The cytotoxic potential of LIPUFU was confirmed in vivo by tumor growth inhibition in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. These results suggest that LIPUFU could be considered to facilitate the simultaneous transport of 5-FU and n-3 PUFAs to the tumor site, in particular in case of CRC liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Marc Dupertuis
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Nathalie Boulens
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Angibaud
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Sophia Briod
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Viglione
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Delie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claude Pichard
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
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Serini S, Cassano R, Trombino S, Calviello G. Nanomedicine-based formulations containing ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: potential application in cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2809-2828. [PMID: 31114196 PMCID: PMC6488162 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s197499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are dietary factors involved in the prevention of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. A multidisciplinary approach – based on recent findings in nutritional science, lipid biochemistry, biotechnology, and biology of inflammation and cancer – has been recently employed to develop ω-3 PUFA-containing nanoformulations with an aim to protect these fatty acids from degradation, increase their bioavailability and delivery to target tissues, and, thus, enhance their bioactivity. In some cases, these nanoformulations were designed to administer ω-3 PUFAs in combination with other nutraceuticals or conventional/innovative drugs. The aim of this strategy was to increase the activities of the compounds contained in the nanoformulation and to reduce the adverse effects often induced by drugs. We herein analyze the results of papers evaluating the potential use of ω-3 PUFA-containing nanomaterials in fighting cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Future directions in this field of research are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy, .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli 00168 Roma, Italy,
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Università della Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy,
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Università della Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy,
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy, .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli 00168 Roma, Italy,
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12
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Notarnicola M, Tutino V, De Nunzio V, Dituri F, Caruso MG, Giannelli G. Dietary ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit Tumor Growth in Transgenic Apc Min/+ Mice, Correlating with CB1 Receptor Up-Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030485. [PMID: 28245562 PMCID: PMC5372501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean diet components, such as olive oil and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), can arrest cell growth and promote cell apoptosis. Recently, olive oil has been demonstrated to modulate type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor gene expression in both human colon cancer cells and rat colon. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible link between olive oil and ω-3 PUFAs effects and CB1 receptor expression in both intestinal and adipose tissue of ApcMin/+ mice. To confirm the role for the CB1 receptor as a negative modulator of cell proliferation in human colon cancer, CB1 receptor gene expression was also detected in tumor tissue and in surrounding normal mucosa of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Dietary ω-3 PUFAs significantly inhibited intestinal polyp growth in mice, correlating with CB1 receptor gene and protein expression induction. CB1 receptor gene up-regulation was also detected in adipose tissue, suggesting a close communication between cancer cells and the surrounding environment. Tissue CB1 receptor induction was associated with a concurrent inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in CB1 receptor gene expression levels in cancer tissue compared to normal surrounding mucosa of patients with CRC, confirming that in cancer the “protective” action of the CB1 receptor is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Notarnicola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy.
| | - Valeria Tutino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy.
| | - Valentina De Nunzio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy.
| | - Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy.
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13
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Miccadei S, Masella R, Mileo AM, Gessani S. ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Immunomodulators in Colorectal Cancer: New Potential Role in Adjuvant Therapies. Front Immunol 2016; 7:486. [PMID: 27895640 PMCID: PMC5108786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet composition may affect the onset and progression of chronic degenerative diseases, including cancer, whose pathogenesis relies on inflammatory processes. Growing evidence indicates that diet and its components critically contribute to human health, affecting the immune system, secretion of adipokines, and metabolic pathways. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Antineoplastic drugs are widely used for CRC treatment, but drug resistance and/or off-target toxicity limit their efficacy. Dietary ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been gaining great interest in recent years as possible anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents, especially in areas such as the large bowel, where the pro-inflammatory context promotes virtually all steps of colon carcinogenesis. Growing epidemiological, experimental, and clinical evidence suggests that ω3 PUFA may play a role in several stages of CRC management exhibiting antineoplastic activity against human CRC cells, improving the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy, ameliorating cancer-associated secondary complications, and preventing CRC recurrence. These effects are most likely related to the immunomodulatory activities of ω3 PUFA that are able to influence several aspects of the inflammatory process ranging from inflammasome activation, leukocyte recruitment, production of immune mediators to differentiation, and activation of immune cells. In this review, we will focus on the potential use of ω3 PUFA as adjuvant agents together with chemo/radiotherapy, highlighting the immunomodulatory effects most likely responsible for their beneficial effects in different stages of CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Miccadei
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Roberta Masella
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Anna Maria Mileo
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome , Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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14
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Igal RA. Stearoyl CoA desaturase-1: New insights into a central regulator of cancer metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1865-1880. [PMID: 27639967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The processes of cell proliferation, cell death and differentiation involve an intricate array of biochemical and morphological changes that require a finely tuned modulation of metabolic pathways, chiefly among them is fatty acid metabolism. The critical participation of stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), the fatty acyl Δ9-desaturing enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), in the mechanisms of replication and survival of mammalian cells, as well as their implication in the biological alterations of cancer have been actively investigated in recent years. This review examines the growing body of evidence that argues for a role of SCD1 as a central regulator of the complex synchronization of metabolic and signaling events that control cellular metabolism, cell cycle progression, survival, differentiation and transformation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Igal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States.
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15
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COX-2, aspirin and metabolism of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and their physiological and clinical significance. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:116-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Giles K, Guan C, Jagoe TR, Mazurak V. Diet composition as a source of variation in experimental animal models of cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:110-25. [PMID: 27493865 PMCID: PMC4863732 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of experimental animal models are used extensively to study mechanisms underlying cancer cachexia, and to identify potential treatments. The important potential confounding effect of dietary composition and intake used in many preclinical studies of cancer cachexia is frequently overlooked. Dietary designs applied in experimental studies should maximize the applicability to human cancer cachexia, meeting the essential requirements of the species used in the study, matched between treatment and control groups as well as also being generally similar to human consumption. METHODS A literature review of scientific studies using animal models of cancer and cancer cachexia with dietary interventions was performed. Studies that investigated interventions using lipid sources were selected as the focus of discussion. RESULTS The search revealed a number of nutrient intervention studies (n = 44), with the majority including n-3 fatty acids (n = 16), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexaenoic acid. A review of the literature revealed that the majority of studies do not provide information about dietary design; food intake or pair-feeding is rarely reported. Further, there is a lack of standardization in dietary design, content, source, and overall composition in animal models of cancer cachexia. A model is proposed with the intent of guiding dietary design in preclinical studies to enable comparisons of dietary treatments within the same study, translation across different study designs, as well as application to human nutrient intakes. CONCLUSION The potential for experimental endpoints to be affected by variations in food intake, macronutrient content, and diet composition is likely. Diet content and composition should be reported, and food intake assessed. Minimum standards for diet definition in cachexia studies would improve reproducibility of pre-clinical studies and aid the interpretation and translation of results to humans with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Giles
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Chen Guan
- McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Program Jewish General Hospital Montreal Canada
| | - Thomas R Jagoe
- McGill Cancer Nutrition Rehabilitation Program Jewish General Hospital Montreal Canada; Department of Medicine McGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Vera Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
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17
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Hofmanová J, Slavík J, Ovesná P, Tylichová Z, Vondráček J, Straková N, Vaculová AH, Ciganek M, Kozubík A, Knopfová L, Šmarda J, Machala M. Dietary fatty acids specifically modulate phospholipid pattern in colon cells with distinct differentiation capacities. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1493-1508. [PMID: 26983609 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although beneficial effects of the dietary n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or butyrate in colon carcinogenesis have been implicated, the mechanisms of their action are not fully clear. Here, we investigated modulations of composition of individual phospholipid (PL) classes, with a particular emphasis on cardiolipins (CLs), in colon cells treated with DHA, sodium butyrate (NaBt), or their combination (DHA/NaBt), and we evaluated possible associations between lipid changes and cell fate after fatty acid treatment. METHODS In two distinct human colon cell models, foetal colon (FHC) and adenocarcinoma (HCT-116) cells, we compared patterns and composition of individual PL classes following the fatty acid treatment by HPLC-MS/MS. In parallel, we measured the parameters reflecting cell proliferation, differentiation and death. RESULTS In FHC cells, NaBt induced primarily differentiation, while co-treatment with DHA shifted their response towards cell death. In contrast, NaBt induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells, which was not further affected by DHA. DHA was incorporated in all main PL types, increasing their unsaturation, while NaBt did not additionally modulate these effects in either cell model. Nevertheless, we identified an unusually wide range of CL species to be highly increased by NaBt and particularly by DHA/NaBt, and these effects were more pronounced in HCT-116 cells. DHA and DHA/NaBt enhanced levels of high molecular weight and more unsaturated CL species, containing DHA, which was specific for either differentiation or apoptotic responses. CONCLUSIONS We identified a wide range of CL species in the colon cells which composition was significantly modified after DHA and NaBt treatment. These specific CL modulations might contribute to distinct cellular differentiation or apoptotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiřina Hofmanová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Slavík
- Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesná
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Tylichová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicol Straková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Knopfová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šmarda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Jia HJ, Zhang PJ, Liu YL, Jiang CG, Zhu X, Tian YP. Relationship of serum polyunsaturated fatty acids with cytokines in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2524-2532. [PMID: 26937140 PMCID: PMC4768198 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i8.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship of serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with kinds of cytokines in colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS: Serum samples of 100 CRC patients were collected. The concentration of total n-3 PUFA which included C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3, C22:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3 and the total n-6 PUFA included C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-6, C20:3 n-6, C20:4 n-6, and C22:5 n-6 were detected on GC-2010 Plus Gas Chromatograph with a OmegawaxTM 250 column. Cytokines were detected by MagPlexTM-C microspheres. P values for the trend were estimated by creating a continuous variable using the median value within quartiles.
RESULTS: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed significantly positive association with the C20:4 n-6 (P for trend = 0.004). Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) showed significant positive association with the C22:5 n-3 (P for trend = 0.035). IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) showed significant inverse association with the C22:6 n-3 (P for trend = 0.049, and 0.021). MMP-2 showed significant inverse association with the C20:5 n-3 (P for trend = 0.008). MMP-7 showed significantly positive association with the ratio of n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA (P for trend = 0.008). MMP-7 also showed significantly inverse association with the ratio of C20:4 n-6 and (n-6 PUFA + n-3 PUFA) (P for trend = 0.024). IL-10 (P for trend = 0.023) and IL-6 (P for trend = 0.036) showed significantly positive association with the ratio of C20:4 n-6 and C20:5 n-3.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that serum levels of PUFA is related to the inflammation of CRC, and also play different role in regulation of immune response.
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19
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Serini S, Ottes Vasconcelos R, Fasano E, Calviello G. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression and M2 macrophage polarization as new potential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid targets in colon inflammation and cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:843-58. [PMID: 26781478 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1139085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has become increasingly clear that dietary habits may affect the risk/progression of chronic diseases with a pathogenic inflammatory component, such as colorectal cancer. Considerable attention has been directed toward the ability of nutritional agents to target key molecular pathways involved in these inflammatory-related diseases. AREAS COVERED ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their oxidative metabolites have attracted considerable interest as possible anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents, especially in areas such as the large bowel, where the influence of orally introduced substances is high and tumors show deranged PUFA patterns. On this basis, we have analyzed pre-clinical findings that have recently revealed new insight into the molecular pathways targeted by ω-3 PUFA. EXPERT OPINION The findings analyzed herein demonstrate that ω-3 PUFA may exert beneficial effects by targeting the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and altering M2 macrophage polarization during the inflammatory response. These mechanisms need to be better explored in the large bowel, and further studies could better clarify their role and the potential of dietary interventions with ω-3 PUFA in the large bowel. The epigenomic mechanism is discussed in view of the potential of ω-3 PUFA to enhance the efficacy of other agents used in the therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- a Institute of General Pathology , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Renata Ottes Vasconcelos
- a Institute of General Pathology , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy.,b Institute of Biological Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG , Rio Grande , Brazil
| | - Elena Fasano
- c Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Medical Oncology , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- a Institute of General Pathology , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
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20
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Shidfar F, Amani S, Vafa M, Shekarriz R, Hosseini S, Shidfar S, Eshraghian M, Mousavi SN. Effects of Iron Supplementation With and Without Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Based on Paraoxonase-1, hs-CRP, and ApoB/ApoA-I Ratio in Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:34-40. [PMID: 26077874 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that tissue deposition of iron following prolonged high dose of oral supplementation for treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) leads to body iron overload and oxidative stress, which starts the process of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the effect of iron supplementation in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the cardiovascular disease risk based on paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in women with IDA. In this randomized controlled trial, 76 women with IDA, aged 15-45 years, were included. The patients were randomly assigned to receive 500 mg of DHA supplement or placebo with an iron tablet, once daily for 12 weeks. The participants were assessed by measurement of the serum iron, ferritin, PON-1, hs-CRP levels, and the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio at the beginning and end of study. Serum hs-CRP decreased in the DHA-supplemented group (p = 0.036), and ApoA-I decreased in the placebo group (p = 0.013). No significant difference was detected for the serum PON-1 concentration and the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in two groups. Iron supplementation combined with DHA may have favorable effects on serum hs-CRP in women with IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Amani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Shekarriz
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Sharieh Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Robat Karim Branch, Islamic Azad University, Robat Karim, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Shidfar
- Worcester Memorial Hospital, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Eshraghian
- Department of Statistics, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Neda Mousavi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Qian Z, Wu Z, Huang L, Qiu H, Wang L, Li L, Yao L, Kang K, Qu J, Wu Y, Luo J, Liu JJ, Yang Y, Yang W, Gou D. Mulberry fruit prevents LPS-induced NF-κB/pERK/MAPK signals in macrophages and suppresses acute colitis and colorectal tumorigenesis in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17348. [PMID: 26615818 PMCID: PMC4663626 DOI: 10.1038/srep17348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated the impact of mulberry fruit (MBF) extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and the therapeutic efficacy of MBF diet in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis and MUC2−/− mice with colorectal cancer. In vitro, LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly inhibited by MBF extracts via suppressing the expression of proinflammatory molecules, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1 beta (IL-β) and IL-6. Particularly, a dose-dependent inhibition on LPS-induced inflammatory responses was observed following treatment with MBF dichloromethane extract (MBF-DE), in which linoleic acid and ethyl linolenate were identified as two active compounds. Moreover, we elucidated that MBF-DE attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking activation of both NF-κB/p65 and pERK/MAPK pathways. In vivo, DSS-induced acute colitis was significantly ameliorated in MBF-fed mice as gauged by weight loss, colon morphology and histological damage. In addition, MBF-fed MUC2−/− mice displayed significant decrease in intestinal tumor and inflammation incidence compared to control diet-fed group. Overall, our results demonstrated that MBF suppressed the development of intestinal inflammation and tumorgenesis both in vitro and in vivo, and supports the potential of MBF as a therapeutic functional food for testing in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiang Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Zhiqin Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Lian Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Huiling Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Li Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Lijun Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Kang Kang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yonghou Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University,Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University,Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Johnson J Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Wancai Yang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
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22
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Notarnicola M, Tutino V, Caruso MG, Francavilla A. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reverse the development of polyps in Apc(Min/+) transgenic mice. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:504-10. [PMID: 26531319 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been demonstrated to reduce tumor load in Apc(Min/+) mice, supporting a role for n-3 PUFAs in the inhibition of colon carcinogenesis and progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a diet enriched with n-3 PUFAs, known already to have anti-neoplastic efficacy in Apc(Min/+) mice, would reverse the development of intestinal polyps. For this purpose, Apc(Min/+) mice were randomly divided into 3 groups of 5 animal each and fed as follows: control ST1 and ST2 groups, received a purified AIN-93M standard diet for 5 and 10 weeks, respectively; the OM-3R group received a purified AIN-93M standard diet for 5 weeks and a diet supplemented with salmon oil, rich in n-3 PUFAs, for another 5 weeks. After dietary treatment, in intestinal tissue, we evaluated the polyp number and volume, expression levels of cell proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins, as well as the protein expression of LDL receptor and the levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity. The results showed the ability of a diet enriched with n-3 PUFAs to suppress intestinal polyps in Apc(Min/+) mice, and to significantly reverse polyp development associated with the downregulation of cell proliferation markers and with the induction of estrogen receptor β and LDL receptor, which are negative modulators of cellular proliferation. This noteworthy finding is important for a translational study evaluating the therapeutic role of n-3 PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of subjects with gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, Castellana Grotte, I-70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, Castellana Grotte, I-70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, Castellana Grotte, I-70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Francavilla
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, Castellana Grotte, I-70013 Bari, Italy
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Antal O, Péter M, Hackler L, Mán I, Szebeni G, Ayaydin F, Hideghéty K, Vigh L, Kitajka K, Balogh G, Puskás LG. Lipidomic analysis reveals a radiosensitizing role of gamma-linolenic acid in glioma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1271-82. [PMID: 26092623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is effective against glioma cells under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In the present study we determined how GLA alone or in combination with irradiation alters the fatty acid (FA) and lipid profiles, the lipid droplet (LD) content, the lipid biosynthetic gene expression and the apoptosis of glioma cells. In GLA-treated cells direct correlations were found between the levels of various FAs and the expression of the corresponding FA biosynthetic genes. The total levels of saturated and monosaturated FAs decreased in concert with the down-regulation of FASN and SCD1 gene expression. Similarly, decreased FADS1 gene expression was paralleled by lowered arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) contents, while the down-regulation of FADS2 expression was accompanied by a diminished docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) content. Detailed mass spectrometric analyses revealed that individual treatments gave rise to distinct lipidomic fingerprints. Following uptake, GLA was subjected to elongation, resulting in dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6, DGLA), which was used for the synthesis of the LD constituent triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters. Accordingly, an increased number of LDs were observed in response to GLA administration after irradiation. GLA increased the radioresponsiveness of U87 MG cells, as demonstrated by an increase in the number of apoptotic cells determined by FACS analysis. In conclusion, treatment with GLA increased the apoptosis of irradiated glioma cells, and GLA might therefore increase the therapeutic efficacy of irradiation in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Antal
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mária Péter
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Imola Mán
- Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3)
| | | | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Vigh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Klára Kitajka
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3)
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Laszló G Puskás
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3).
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24
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI. Ameliorative effects of docosahexaenoic acid on the toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1074-85. [PMID: 25187318 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714547382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant toxicant that mediates carcinogenic effects associated with oxidative DNA damage. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with antioxidant functions has many biochemical, cellular, and physiological functions for cells. The present study assessed, for the first time, the ameliorative effect of DHA in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes (HEPs). In vitro, isolated HEPs were incubated with TCDD (5 and 10 μM) in the presence and absence of DHA (5, 10, and 20 μM) for 48 h. The cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. DNA damage was analyzed by liver micronucleus assay and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level. In addition, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) were assessed to determine the oxidative injury in HEPs. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability but not DHA. On the basis of increasing treatment concentrations, the dioxin caused significant increases of micronucleated HEPs and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. TCDD also led to significant increases in TOS content. On the contrary, in cultures treated with DHA, the level of TAC was significantly increased during treatment in a concentration-dependent fashion. DHA showed therapeutic potential against TCDD-mediated cell viability and DNA damages. As conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that DHA has protective effects against TCDD toxicity on primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mokhtar I Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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25
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Bachmann P, Bensadoun RJ, Besnard I, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Bouteloup C, Crenn P, Goldwasser F, Guérin O, Latino-Martel P, Meuric J, May-Lévin F, Michallet M, Vasson MP, Hébuterne X. Clinical nutrition guidelines of the French Speaking Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (SFNEP): Summary of recommendations for adults undergoing non-surgical anticancer treatment. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46:667-74. [PMID: 24794790 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.01.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Up to 50% of patients with cancer suffer from weight loss and undernutrition (as called cachexia) even though it is rarely screened or properly handled. Patients' prognosis and quality of life could be greatly improved by simple and inexpensive means encompassing nutritional status assessment and effective nutritional care. These guidelines aim to give health professionals and patients practical and up-to-date advice to manage nutrition in the principal situations encountered during the cancer course according to the type of tumour and treatment (i.e. radio and/or chemotherapy). Specific suggestions are made for palliative and elderly patients because of specific risks of undernutrition and related comorbidities in this subset. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations are detailed as stated by current literature and consensus opinion of clinical experts in each field.
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26
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Barone M, Notarnicola M, Caruso MG, Scavo MP, Viggiani MT, Tutino V, Polimeno L, Pesetti B, Di Leo A, Francavilla A. Olive oil and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress intestinal polyp growth by modulating the apoptotic process in ApcMin/+ mice. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1613-9. [PMID: 24632492 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The promotion and progression of carcinogenesis are susceptible to nutritional interventions aimed at counteracting cancer development. Lipid metabolism is essential in the onset and progression of tumors and for cancer cell survival. In this study, we tested the effects of diets enriched with natural compounds, such as olive oil and salmon oil, in mice that spontaneously develop intestinal polyps (Apc(Min/+) mice). For this purpose, we evaluated polyp number and volume, intestinal mucosa proliferation/apoptosis, estrogen receptors (ERs) expression, fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase gene expression and enzymatic activity. Compared with the standard diet, the salmon oil-enriched diet, containing a high percentage of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and, to a lesser extent, olive oil-enriched diet reduced polyp number and volume through a reduction of proliferation and a marked proapoptotic effect. These biological effects were mediated by an inhibition of fatty acid synthase and HMGCoA reductase gene expression and activity and an increase of ERβ/ERα ratio. Our findings suggest that a proper dietary lifestyle could contribute to primary cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy, Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy and Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy and
| | - Maria G Caruso
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy and
| | - Maria P Scavo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Maria T Viggiani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy and
| | - Lorenzo Polimeno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy and Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Barbara Pesetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy and
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Antonio Francavilla
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy and
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27
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Piazzi G, D'Argenio G, Prossomariti A, Lembo V, Mazzone G, Candela M, Biagi E, Brigidi P, Vitaglione P, Fogliano V, D'Angelo L, Fazio C, Munarini A, Belluzzi A, Ceccarelli C, Chieco P, Balbi T, Loadman PM, Hull MA, Romano M, Bazzoli F, Ricciardiello L. Eicosapentaenoic acid free fatty acid prevents and suppresses colonic neoplasia in colitis-associated colorectal cancer acting on Notch signaling and gut microbiota. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2004-13. [PMID: 24676631 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with increased risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Epidemiological data show that the consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) decreases the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Importantly, recent data have shown that eicosapentaenoic acid-free fatty acid (EPA-FFA) reduces polyp formation and growth in models of familial adenomatous polyposis. However, the effects of dietary EPA-FFA are unknown in CAC. We tested the effectiveness of substituting EPA-FFA, for other dietary fats, in preventing inflammation and cancer in the AOM-DSS model of CAC. The AOM-DSS protocols were designed to evaluate the effect of EPA-FFA on both initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis. We found that EPA-FFA diet strongly decreased tumor multiplicity, incidence and maximum tumor size in the promotion and initiation arms. Moreover EPA-FFA, in particular in the initiation arm, led to reduced cell proliferation and nuclear β-catenin expression, whilst it increased apoptosis. In both arms, EPA-FFA treatment led to increased membrane switch from ω-6 to ω-3 PUFAs and a concomitant reduction in PGE2 production. We observed no significant changes in intestinal inflammation between EPA-FFA treated arms and AOM-DSS controls. Importantly, we found that EPA-FFA treatment restored the loss of Notch signaling found in the AOM-DSS control and resulted in the enrichment of Lactobacillus species in the gut microbiota. Taken together, our data suggest that EPA-FFA is an excellent candidate for CRC chemoprevention in CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Piazzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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28
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Tan YZ, Huang WG, Chen FY, Li J, Zhou JY, Wang LJ, Chen L, Zhu HL. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil by inhibiting bcl-2 and mutant-p53. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Zong Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wen-Ge Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Feng-Ying Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Li Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food; Nutrition and Health; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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29
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Stephenson JA, Al-Taan O, Arshad A, West AL, Calder PC, Morgan B, Metcalfe MS, Dennison AR. Unsaturated fatty acids differ between hepatic colorectal metastases and liver tissue without tumour in humans: results from a randomised controlled trial of intravenous eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:405-10. [PMID: 23647811 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mediators derived from the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid oxidation have been shown to have tumour promoting effects in experimental models, while n-3 PUFAs are thought to be protective. Here we report fatty acid concentrations in hepatic colorectal metastases compared to liver tissue without tumour in humans. METHODS Twenty patients with colorectal liver metastasis were randomized to receive a 72 h infusion of parenteral nutrition with or without n-3 PUFAs. Histological samples from liver metastases and liver tissue without tumour were obtained from 15 patients at the time of their subsequent liver resection (mean 8 days (range 4-12) post-infusion) and the fatty acid composition determined by gas chromatography. RESULTS There were no significant differences in fatty acid composition between the two intervention groups. When data from all patients were combined, liver tissue without tumour had a higher content of both n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and a lower content of oleic acid and total n-9 fatty acids compared with tumour tissue (p<0.0001, 0.0002,<0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively). The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was found to be higher in tumour tissue than tissue without tumour (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Hepatic colorectal adenocarcinoma metastases have a higher content of n-9 fatty acids and a lower content of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs than liver tissue without tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Stephenson
- Department of Imaging, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom.
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30
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A fishy conclusion regarding n-3 fatty acid supplementation in cancer patients. Clin Nutr 2013; 32:466-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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A Complementary Care Study Combining Flaxseed Oil, Caffeine, Fasting, and Exercise in Women Diagnosed with Advanced Ovarian Cancer. Holist Nurs Pract 2012; 26:308-16. [PMID: 23075747 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0b013e31826ed122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Cai F, Granci V, Sorg O, Buchegger F, Pichard C, Dupertuis YM. Vitamin E content in fish oil emulsion does not prevent lipoperoxidative effects on human colorectal tumors. Nutrition 2012; 29:450-6. [PMID: 23085012 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The anticancer action exerted by polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation may not be reproduced by commercially available lipid emulsions rich in vitamin E. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of fish oil (FO) emulsion containing α-tocopherol 0.19 g/L on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and tumors. METHODS HT-29 cell growth, survival, apoptosis, and lipid peroxidation were analyzed after a 24-h incubation with FO 18 to 80 mg/L. Soybean oil (SO) emulsion was used as an isocaloric and isolipidic control. In vivo, nude mice bearing HT-29 tumors were sacrificed 7 d after an 11-d treatment with intravenous injections of FO or SO 0.2 g ∙ kg(-1) ∙ d(-1) FO or SO to evaluate tumor growth, necrosis, and lipid peroxidation. RESULTS The FO inhibited cell viability and clonogenicity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas SO showed no significant effect compared with untreated controls. Lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis after treatment with FO 45 mg/L were increased 2.0-fold (P < 0.01) and 1.6-fold (P = 0.04), respectively. In vivo, FO treatment did not significantly affect tumor growth. However, immunohistochemical analyses of tumor tissue sections showed a decrease of 0.6-fold (P < 0.01) in the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 and an increase of 2.3-fold (P = 0.03) in the necrotic area, whereas malondialdehyde and total peroxides were increased by 1.9-fold (P = 0.09) and 7.0-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, in tumors of FO-treated compared with untreated mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that FO but not SO has an antitumor effect that can be correlated with lipid peroxidation, despite its vitamin E content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cai
- Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Skender B, Vaculova AH, Hofmanova J. Docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) in the regulation of colon cell growth and cell death: a review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 156:186-99. [PMID: 23069883 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental, epidemiological and clinical data substantiate the beneficial role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preventing inflammation and cancer of the colon. This review covers the unsaturated docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA), describes some of its important cellular and molecular mechanisms, its interaction with another dietary lipid, butyrate and with endogenous apoptotic regulators of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family. We also discuss the clinical impact of this knowledge and the use of these lipids in colon cancer prevention and treatment. RESULTS From the literature, DHA has been shown to suppress the growth, induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells in vitro and decrease the incidence and growth of experimental tumours in vivo. Based on these data and our own experimental results, we describe and discuss the possible mechanisms of DHA anticancer effects at various levels of cell organization. We show that DHA can sensitize colon cancer cells to other chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agents and affect the action of physiological apoptotic regulators of the TNF family. CONCLUSION Use of n-3 PUFAs could be a relatively non-toxic form of supportive therapy for improving colon cancer treatment and slowing down or preventing its recurrence. However, it is necessary to use them with caution, based on solid scientific evidence of their mechanisms of action from the molecular to the cellular and organism levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Skender
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. Brno, Czech Republic
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Martemucci G, D'Alessandro AG. Fat content, energy value and fatty acid profile of donkey milk during lactation and implications for human nutrition. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:113. [PMID: 22963037 PMCID: PMC3545721 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Milk contains numerous nutrients. The content of n-3 fatty acids, the n-6/n-3 ratio, and short- and medium-chain fatty acids may promote positive health effects. In Western societies, cow’s milk fat is perceived as a risk factor for health because it is a source of a high fraction of saturated fatty acids. Recently, there has been increasing interest in donkey’s milk. In this work, the fat and energetic value and acidic composition of donkey’s milk, with reference to human nutrition, and their variations during lactation, were investigated. We also discuss the implications of the acidic profile of donkey’s milk on human nutrition. Methods Individual milk samples from lactating jennies were collected 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210days after foaling, for the analysis of fat, proteins and lactose, which was achieved using an infrared milk analyser, and fatty acids composition by gas chromatography. Results The donkey’s milk was characterised by low fat and energetic (1719.2kJ·kg-1) values, a high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content of mainly α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), a low n-6 to n-3 FA ratio or LA/ALA ratio, and advantageous values of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. Among the minor PUFA, docosahesaenoic (DHA), eicosapentanoic (EPA), and arachidonic (AA) acids were present in very small amounts (<1%). In addition, the AA/EPA ratio was low (0.18). The fat and energetic values decreased (P < 0.01) during lactation. The fatty acid patterns were affected by the lactation stage and showed a decrease (P < 0.01) in saturated fatty acids content and an increase (P < 0.01) in the unsaturated fatty acids content. The n-6 to n-3 ratio and the LA/ALA ratio were approximately 2:1, with values <1 during the last period of lactation, suggesting the more optimal use of milk during this period. Conclusions The high level of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids and PUFA-n3 content and the low n-6/n-3 ratio suggest the use of donkey’s milk as a functional food for human nutrition and its potential utilisation for infant nutrition as well as adult diets, particular for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martemucci
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari, Via G, Amendola, 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Colon cancer cell chemosensitisation by fish oil emulsion involves apoptotic mitochondria pathway. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:1188-95. [PMID: 22874769 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451200308x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant use of safe compounds with anti-tumour properties has been proposed to improve cancer chemotherapy outcome. We aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil emulsion (FOE) rich in n-3 PUFA with the standard chemotherapeutic agents 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OX) or irinotecan (IRI) on two human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells with different genetic backgrounds. The HT-29 (Bax+/+) and LS174T (Bax-/-) cells were co-treated for 24-72 h with 1 μm-5-FU, 1 μm-OX or 10 μm-IRI and/or FOE dilution corresponding to 24 μm-EPA and 20·5 μm-DHA. Soyabean oil emulsion (SOE) was used as isoenergetic and isolipid control. Cell viability, apoptosis and nuclear morphological changes were evaluated by cytotoxic colorimetric assay, flow cytometry analysis with annexin V and 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, respectively. A cationic fluorescent probe was used to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein expression involved in mitochondrial apoptosis was determined by Western blot. In contrast to SOE, co-treatment with FOE enhanced significantly the pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of 5-FU, OX or IRI in HT-29 but not in LS174T cells (two-way ANOVA, P <0.01). These results were confirmed by the formation of apoptotic bodies in HT-29 cells. A significant increase in mitochondrial membrane depolarisation was observed after the combination of 5-FU or IRI with FOE in HT-29 but not in LS174T cells (P <0.05). Co-administration of FOE with the standard agents, 5-FU, OX and IRI, could be a good alternative to increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic protocols through a Bax-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
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36
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Miciński J, Zwierzchowski G, Kowalski IM, Szarek J, Pierożyński B, Raistenskis J. The effects of bovine milk fat on human health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poamed.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hajjaji N, Bougnoux P. Selective sensitization of tumors to chemotherapy by marine-derived lipids: a review. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 39:473-88. [PMID: 22850619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite great improvements, a significant proportion of cancer patients still die, mainly because of the development of metastases. At this stage, current treatments still rely heavily on conventional chemotherapy for most cancers. The efficacy of chemotherapy is dose-dependent, which is limited by toxicity to non-tumor tissues, as a result of its poor tumor selectivity. To improve survival length and preserve quality of life, the challenge is to develop approaches aimed at increasing chemotherapy toxicity to tumor tissue while not affecting non-tumor tissues. Marine-derived lipids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have the potential to differentially sensitize tissues to chemotherapy. These lipids enhance the cytotoxicity of 15 anticancer drugs (antimetabolites, alkylating or intercalating agents, microtubule stabilizers, Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor and arsenic trioxide) to a variety of cancer cell lines or tumors in animals, used as models for breast, prostate, colonic, lung, cervical, ovarian cancers, neuroblastomas, leukemia or lymphomas. However, DHA and EPA do not sensitize non-tumor tissues to anticancer drugs, which suggests that the effect of these lipids is tumor selective. Two phase II clinical trials already support these results, and randomized, phase III trials are ongoing. In this review, we discuss the double-faceted properties of these lipids, and then focus on their potential for transfer to the patient in the light of current therapeutic strategies. Should their beneficial effects be confirmed, the consequences could be considerable by opening up the prospect of systematic supplementation during cancer treatment, a significant shift in current cancer therapeutic paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawale Hajjaji
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Tours, France.
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Wang X, Lin H, Gu Y. Multiple roles of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid against proliferation diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:25. [PMID: 22333072 PMCID: PMC3295719 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable arguments remain regarding the diverse biological activities of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). One of the most interesting but controversial dietary approaches focused on the diverse function of dihomo-dietary γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) in anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation diseases, especially for cancers. This strategy is based on the ability of DGLA to interfere in cellular lipid metabolism and eicosanoid (cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase) biosynthesis. Subsequently, DGLA can be further converted by inflammatory cells to 15-(S)-hydroxy-8,11,13-eicosatrienoic acid and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). This is noteworthy because these compounds possess both anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. PGE1 could also induce growth inhibition and differentiation of cancer cells. Although the mechanism of DGLA has not yet been elucidated, it is significant to anticipate the antitumor potential benefits from DGLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi, China.
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Silva JDAP, Trindade EBSDM, Fabre MEDS, Menegotto VM, Gevaerd S, Buss ZDS, Frode TS. Fish Oil Supplement Alters Markers of Inflammatory and Nutritional Status in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:267-73. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.643133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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40
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The role of probiotics and natural bioactive compounds in modulation of the common molecular pathways in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cancer. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Burlamaqui IMB, Dornelas CA, Valença Júnior JT, Mota DMC, Mesquita FJC, Veras LB, Vasconcelos PRL, Rodrigues LV. Effect of a hyperlipidic diet rich in omegas 3, 6 and 9 on aberrant crypt formation in rat colonic mucosa. Acta Cir Bras 2011; 27:30-6. [PMID: 22159436 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether a hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids influences the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colonic mucosa of Wistar rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). METHODS At eight weeks of life, the rats were assigned to four groups: Group I-standard diet (STD) not treated with AOM; Group II-hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diet (FED), not treated with AOM; Group III-STD, treated with AOM; Group IV-FED, treated with AOM. At 16 weeks, the animals were injected intraperitoneal with 0.9% saline solution (Group I and II) or AOM at 15 mg/Kg (Groups III and IV) once a week for two weeks. Fifteen weeks later, the animals were euthanized. RESULTS FED promoted weight gain in Groups II and IV compared to Groups I and III, respectively. The groups did not differ with regard to the total number of ACF. The Chi-square test revealed no predominance of the presence of foci with <4 crypts. However, foci with ≥5 crypts were proportionally more prevalent in Group III than in Group IV (p=0.043). CONCLUSION The administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids did not interfere with the formation of aberrant crypt foci, but reduced ACF multiplicity, exercising an attenuating effect on carcinogenesis.
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Türkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI. Ameliorative effect of docosahexaenoic acid on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced histological changes, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in rat liver. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:687-96. [PMID: 21996711 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711420475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant that leads to the development of hepatotoxicity. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been proposed to counteract oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status, and several studies suggest that supplementations with antioxidants can influence hepatotoxicity. The aim of the current study was to explore the role of DHA in modulating the toxicity of TCDD in the liver of Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were assigned to four groups (n = 5): control (only dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), 8 μg/kg body weight (b.w.) TCDD in DMSO solution; 250 mg/kg b.w. DHA and TCDD plus DHA; respectively. Rats were intraperitoneally administered their respective doses daily for 21 days. On day 21, the animals were killed, and then biochemical tests, pathological examination, and micronucleus (MN) assay were performed in the liver. Our results showed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased and serious pathological findings were established in rats that received TCDD. Beside the rate of MNs in hepatocytes was increased after the treatment with dioxin. In rats treated with DHA alone, MNs were not changed and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased. The presence of DHA with TCDD alleviated its pathological effects in hepatic tissue. DHA also prevented the suppression of antioxidant enzymes in the livers of animals exposed to TCDD and displayed a strong protective effect against MNs. It can be concluded that DHA has beneficial influences and could be able to antagonize TCDD toxicity in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Türkez
- Department of Biology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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43
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Kuan CY, Walker TH, Luo PG, Chen CF. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Promote Paclitaxel Cytotoxicity via Inhibition of the MDR1 Gene in the Human Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cell Line. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 30:265-73. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Mills S, Ross R, Hill C, Fitzgerald G, Stanton C. Milk intelligence: Mining milk for bioactive substances associated with human health. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Analysis of the effects of iron and vitamin C co-supplementation on oxidative damage, antioxidant response and inflammation in THP-1 macrophages. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:873-83. [PMID: 21549690 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to test the susceptibility of THP-1 macrophages to develop oxidative stress and to deploy antioxidant defense mechanisms that insure the balance between the pro- and antioxidant molecules. DESIGN AND METHODS Differentiated THP-1 were incubated in the presence or absence of iron-ascorbate (Fe/As) (100/1000μM) and the antioxidants Trolox, BHT, α-Tocopherol and NAC. RESULTS Fe/As promoted the production of lipid peroxidation as reflected by the formation of malondialdehyde and H(2)O(2) along with reduced PUFA levels and elevated glutathione disulfide/total glutathione ratio, a reliable index of cellular redox status. THP-1 macrophages developed an increase in cytoplasmic SOD activity due in part to high cytoplasmic SOD1. On the other hand, a decline was noted in mRNA and protein of extra-cellular SOD3, as well as the activity of GSH-peroxidase, GSH-transferase and ATOX-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Macrophages activated under conditions of oxidative stress do not adequately deploy a powerful endogenous antioxidant response, a situation that can lead to an enhanced inflammatory response.
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Fini L, Piazzi G, Ceccarelli C, Daoud Y, Belluzzi A, Munarini A, Graziani G, Fogliano V, Selgrad M, Garcia M, Gasbarrini A, Genta RM, Boland CR, Ricciardiello L. Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid as free fatty acids strongly suppresses polyps in Apc(Min/+) mice. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:5703-11. [PMID: 21030497 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors could represent the most effective chemopreventive tool against colorectal cancer (CRC), their use in clinical practice is hampered by cardiovascular side effects. Consumption of ω-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3-PUFAs) is associated with a reduced risk of CRC. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the efficacy of a novel 99% pure preparation of ω-3-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid as free fatty acids (EPA-FFA) on polyps in Apc(Min/+) mice. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Apc(Min/+) and corresponding wild-type mice were fed control diet (Ctrl) or diets containing either EPA-FFA 2.5% or 5%, for 12 weeks while monitoring food intake and body weight. RESULTS We found that both EPA-FFA diets protected from the cachexia observed among Apc(Min/+) animals fed Ctrl diet (P < 0.0054), without toxic effect, in conjunction with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation in the treated arms. Moreover, both EPA-FFA diets dramatically suppressed polyp number (by 71.5% and 78.6%, respectively; P < 0.0001) and load (by 82.5% and 93.4%, respectively; P < 0.0001) in both small intestine and colon. In addition, polyps less than 1 mm in size were predominantly found in the EPA-FFA 5% arm whereas those 1 to 3 mm in size were more frequent in the Ctrl arm (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, in the EPA-FFA groups, mucosal arachidonic acid was replaced by EPA (P < 0.0001), leading to a significant reduction in COX-2 expression and β-catenin nuclear translocation. Moreover, in the EPA-FFA arms, we found a significant decrease in proliferation throughout the intestine together with an increase in apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data make 99% pure EPA-FFA an excellent candidate for CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Research Institute and Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Rysman E, Brusselmans K, Scheys K, Timmermans L, Derua R, Munck S, Van Veldhoven PP, Waltregny D, Daniëls VW, Machiels J, Vanderhoydonc F, Smans K, Waelkens E, Verhoeven G, Swinnen JV. De novo lipogenesis protects cancer cells from free radicals and chemotherapeutics by promoting membrane lipid saturation. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8117-26. [PMID: 20876798 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of de novo lipogenesis in cancer cells is increasingly recognized as a hallmark of aggressive cancers and has been implicated in the production of membranes for rapid cell proliferation. In the current report, we provide evidence that this activation has a more profound role. Using a mass spectrometry-based phospholipid analysis approach, we show that clinical tumor tissues that display the lipogenic phenotype show an increase in the degree of lipid saturation compared with nonlipogenic tumors. Reversal of the lipogenic switch in cancer cells by treatment with the lipogenesis inhibitor soraphen A or by targeting lipogenic enzymes with small interfering RNA leads to a marked decrease in saturated and mono-unsaturated phospholipid species and increases the relative degree of polyunsaturation. Because polyunsaturated acyl chains are more susceptible to peroxidation, inhibition of lipogenesis increases the levels of peroxidation end products and renders cells more susceptible to oxidative stress-induced cell death. As saturated lipids pack more densely, modulation of lipogenesis also alters lateral and transversal membrane dynamics as revealed by diffusion of membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein and by the uptake and response to doxorubicin. These data show that shifting lipid acquisition from lipid uptake toward de novo lipogenesis dramatically changes membrane properties and protects cells from both endogenous and exogenous insults. These findings provide important new insights into the role of de novo lipogenesis in cancer cells, and they provide a rationale for the use of lipogenesis inhibitors as antineoplastic agents and as chemotherapeutic sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Rysman
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Decreased polyunsaturated Fatty Acid content contributes to increased survival in human colon cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2009; 2009:867915. [PMID: 19841681 PMCID: PMC2762309 DOI: 10.1155/2009/867915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among diet
components, some fatty acids are known to affect
several stages of colon carcinogenesis, whereas
others are probably helpful in preventing
tumors. In light of this, our aim was to
determine the composition of fatty acids and the
possible correlation with apoptosis in human
colon carcinoma specimens at different
Duke's stages and to evaluate the effect of
enriching human colon cancer cell line with the
possible reduced fatty acid(s). Specimens of
carcinoma were compared with the corresponding
non-neoplastic mucosa: a significant decrease of
arachidonic acid, PPARα, Bad, and Bax and a significant increase of COX-2,
Bcl-2, and pBad were found. The importance of arachidonic acid in
apoptosis was demonstrated by enriching a Caco-2 cell line with
this fatty acid. It induced apoptosis in a dose- and
time-dependent manner via induction of PPARα that, in turn, decreased COX-2. In conclusion, the
reduced content of arachidonic acid is likely related to
carcinogenic process decreasing the susceptibility of cancer cells
to apoptosis.
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4-hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, has anticarcinogenic properties in colon carcinoma cell lines through the inhibition of telomerase activity. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 21:818-26. [PMID: 19733043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) obtained from the diet on colorectal cancer have been widely explored. However, controversial results have been obtained about the role played by the lipid peroxidation products of PUFAs, such as 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE), in the control of colon cancer growth. This aldehyde, indeed, showed both procarcinogenic and protective effects. In an attempt to verify the action of HNE, we studied the effects of a low dose of HNE (1 microM), similar to those "physiologically" found in normal cells and plasma, on telomerase activity, a key parameter of malignant transformation. Caco-2 cells were exposed to HNE and, paralleling cell growth inhibition, we observed the down-regulation of telomerase activity and hTERT expression. Similar effects have also been observed in HT-29 cells, in which HNE inhibited cell proliferation, telomerase activity and hTERT expression, suggesting that the inhibition of telomerase activity could be a general mechanism involved in the antiproliferative effect exerted by this aldehyde. Finally, we elucidated the mechanism of hTERT inhibition by HNE. A reduction of GSH content preceded the decrease of telomerase activity, but this only partially explained the telomerase activity inhibition. The major mechanism of HNE action seems to be the modulation of expression and activity of transcription factors belonging to the Myc/Mad/Max network. Since the presence of PUFAs in the diet exposes epithelial colon cells to HNE, this aldehyde could contribute to cell growth control through the inhibitory action on telomerase activity and hTERT expression, suggesting a protective effect on colon mucosa.
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Pan J, Keffer J, Emami A, Ma X, Lan R, Goldman R, Chung FL. Acrolein-derived DNA adduct formation in human colon cancer cells: its role in apoptosis induction by docosahexaenoic acid. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:798-806. [PMID: 19341237 DOI: 10.1021/tx800355k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The apoptotic effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and other omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been documented in cell and animal studies. The molecular mechanism by which DHA induces apoptosis is unclear. Although there is no direct evidence, some studies have suggested that DNA damage generated through lipid peroxidation may be involved. Our previous studies showed that DHA, because it has a high degree of unsaturation, can give rise to the acrolein-derived 1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine (Acr-dG) as a major class of DNA adducts via lipid oxidation. As a first step to investigate the possible role of oxidative DNA damage in apoptosis induced by DHA, we examined the relationships between oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis caused by DHA in human colon cancer HT-29 cells. Apoptosis and oxidative DNA damage, including Acr-dG and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) formation, in cells treated with DHA and omega-6 PUFAs, including arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA), were measured. DHA induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner with a concentration range from 0 to 300 microM as indicated by increased caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage. In contrast, AA and LA had little or no effect at these concentrations. The Acr-dG levels were increased in HT-29 cells treated with DHA at 240 and 300 microM, and the increases were correlated with the induction of apoptosis at these concentrations, while no significant changes were observed for 8-oxo-dG. Because proteins may compete with DNA to react with acrolein, we then examined the effects of BSA on DHA-induced apoptosis and oxidative DNA damage. The addition of BSA to HT-29 cell culture media significantly decreases Acr-dG levels with a concomitant decrease in the apoptosis induced by DHA. The reduced Acr-dG formation is attributed to the reaction of BSA with acrolein as indicated by increased levels of total protein carbonyls. Similar correlations between Acr-dG formation and apoptosis were observed in HT-29 cells directly incubated with 0-200 microM acrolein. Additionally, DHA treatment increased the level of DNA strand breaks and caused cell cycle arrested at G1 phase. Taken together, these results demonstrate the parallel relationships between Acr-dG level and apoptosis in HT-29 cells, suggesting that the formation of Acr-dG in cellular DNA may contribute to apoptosis induced by DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishen Pan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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