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Vats R, Yadav P, Bano A, Wadhwa S, Narwal A, Bhardwaj R. Salivary cysteine levels as a potential biochemical indicator of oral cancer risk in tobacco consumers. Biomark Med 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39344869 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2403327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Oral cancer is the leading cause of mortality, with a survival rate of less than 5 years, and is predominantly influenced by tobacco mutagens. Invasive diagnostic methods hinder early detection of oral cancer biomarkers. The present study performed salivary biochemical analysis for early oral cancer screening in tobacco consumers.Materials & methods: Three study groups included healthy controls (n = 25), tobacco users (n = 25) and oral cancer patients (n = 25). Salivary total protein, amylase, TNF-α and amino acid levels were evaluated using enzymatic tests, Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).Results: Compared with healthy controls, salivary total protein and TNF-α levels were significantly (p = 0.04) higher in oral cancer patients. Salivary amylase levels were significantly lower in tobacco smokers (p = 0.02) and higher in oral cancer patients (p = 0.01). Interestingly, the amino acid cysteine concentration was significantly higher (p = 0.02) in tobacco consumers (62.5 ± 10) than in healthy controls (116.1 ± 28).Conclusion: In high-risk populations, such as tobacco users, salivary biochemical analysis can serve as a promising noninvasive diagnostic method for early oral cancer screening. As a salivary biomarker, the amino acid cysteine exhibits potential as a means of detecting the progression of oral cancer in individuals who consume tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravina Vats
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Afsareen Bano
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Sapna Wadhwa
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 122001, India
| | - Anjali Narwal
- Dept. of Oral Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Rashmi Bhardwaj
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 122001, India
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Heynen JP, McHugh RR, Boora NS, Simcock G, Kildea S, Austin MP, Laplante DP, King S, Montina T, Metz GAS. Urinary 1H NMR Metabolomic Analysis of Prenatal Maternal Stress Due to a Natural Disaster Reveals Metabolic Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases: The QF2011 Queensland Flood Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040579. [PMID: 37110237 PMCID: PMC10145263 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress alters fetal programming, potentially predisposing the ensuing offspring to long-term adverse health outcomes. To gain insight into environmental influences on fetal development, this QF2011 study evaluated the urinary metabolomes of 4-year-old children (n = 89) who were exposed to the 2011 Queensland flood in utero. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to analyze urinary metabolic fingerprints based on maternal levels of objective hardship and subjective distress resulting from the natural disaster. In both males and females, differences were observed between high and low levels of maternal objective hardship and maternal subjective distress groups. Greater prenatal stress exposure was associated with alterations in metabolites associated with protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. These alterations suggest profound changes in oxidative and antioxidative pathways that may indicate a higher risk for chronic non-communicable diseases such obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, as well as mental illnesses, including depression and schizophrenia. Thus, prenatal stress-associated metabolic biomarkers may provide early predictors of lifetime health trajectories, and potentially serve as prognostic markers for therapeutic strategies in mitigating adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Heynen
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Rebecca R McHugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Naveenjyote S Boora
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Simcock
- Midwifery Research Unit, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sue Kildea
- Midwifery Research Unit, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Alice Springs, NT 0870, Australia
| | - Marie-Paule Austin
- Perinatal and Woman's Health Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David P Laplante
- Centre for Child Development and Mental Health, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 4335 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E4, Canada
| | - Suzanne King
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Tony Montina
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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3
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Canaud B, Kooman JP, Selby NM, Taal M, Maierhofer A, Kopperschmidt P, Francis S, Collins A, Kotanko P. Hidden risks associated with conventional short intermittent hemodialysis: A call for action to mitigate cardiovascular risk and morbidity. World J Nephrol 2022; 11:39-57. [PMID: 35433339 PMCID: PMC8968472 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v11.i2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of maintenance hemodialysis (HD) for end stage kidney disease patients is a success story that continues to save many lives. Nevertheless, intermittent renal replacement therapy is also a source of recurrent stress for patients. Conventional thrice weekly short HD is an imperfect treatment that only partially corrects uremic abnormalities, increases cardiovascular risk, and exacerbates disease burden. Altering cycles of fluid loading associated with cardiac stretching (interdialytic phase) and then fluid unloading (intradialytic phase) likely contribute to cardiac and vascular damage. This unphysiologic treatment profile combined with cyclic disturbances including osmotic and electrolytic shifts may contribute to morbidity in dialysis patients and augment the health burden of treatment. As such, HD patients are exposed to multiple stressors including cardiocirculatory, inflammatory, biologic, hypoxemic, and nutritional. This cascade of events can be termed the dialysis stress storm and sickness syndrome. Mitigating cardiovascular risk and morbidity associated with conventional intermittent HD appears to be a priority for improving patient experience and reducing disease burden. In this in-depth review, we summarize the hidden effects of intermittent HD therapy, and call for action to improve delivered HD and develop treatment schedules that are better tolerated and associated with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Canaud
- Global Medical Office, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg 61352, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Montpellier University, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Jeroen P Kooman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 HX, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas M Selby
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Taal
- Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Maierhofer
- Global Research Development, Fresenius Medical Care, Schweinfurt 97424, Germany
| | | | - Susan Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Collins
- Global Medical Office, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg 61352, Germany
| | - Peter Kotanko
- Renal Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10065, United States
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4
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Hao J, Zhou J, Xu W, Chen C, Zhang J, Peng H, Liu L. Beta-Blocker Landiolol Hydrochloride in Preventing Atrial Fibrillation Following Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 28:18-31. [PMID: 34421096 PMCID: PMC8915935 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.ra.21-00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article was to assess the benefit of perioperative administration of the intravenous beta-blocker landiolol hydrochloride in preventing atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiothoracic surgery. METHODS We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and OVID to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohorts up to January 2021. Data regarding postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) and safety outcomes were extracted. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Meanwhile, subgroup analyses were conducted according to surgery type including lung cancer surgery, esophageal cancer surgery, and cardiac surgery. RESULTS Seventeen eligible articles involving 1349 patients within 13 RCTs and four cohorts were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with control group, landiolol administration was associated with a significant reduction of the occurrence of AF after cardiothoracic surgery (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.23-0.43, P <0.00001). In addition, the results demonstrated that perioperative administration of landiolol hydrochloride minimized the occurrence of postoperative complications (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.33-0.70, P = 0.0002). Funnel plots indicated no obvious publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Considering this analysis, landiolol was effective in the prevention of AF after cardiothoracic surgery and did not increase the risk of major postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chest Oncology Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoning Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Rupert JE, Narasimhan A, Jengelley DH, Jiang Y, Liu J, Au E, Silverman LM, Sandusky G, Bonetto A, Cao S, Lu X, O’Connell TM, Liu Y, Koniaris LG, Zimmers TA. Tumor-derived IL-6 and trans-signaling among tumor, fat, and muscle mediate pancreatic cancer cachexia. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20190450. [PMID: 33851955 PMCID: PMC8185651 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) suffer cachexia; some do not. To model heterogeneity, we used patient-derived orthotopic xenografts. These phenocopied donor weight loss. Furthermore, muscle wasting correlated with mortality and murine IL-6, and human IL-6 associated with the greatest murine cachexia. In cell culture and mice, PDAC cells elicited adipocyte IL-6 expression and IL-6 plus IL-6 receptor (IL6R) in myocytes and blood. PDAC induced adipocyte lipolysis and muscle steatosis, dysmetabolism, and wasting. Depletion of IL-6 from malignant cells halved adipose wasting and abolished myosteatosis, dysmetabolism, and atrophy. In culture, adipocyte lipolysis required soluble (s)IL6R, while IL-6, sIL6R, or palmitate induced myotube atrophy. PDAC cells activated adipocytes to induce myotube wasting and activated myotubes to induce adipocyte lipolysis. Thus, PDAC cachexia results from tissue crosstalk via a feed-forward, IL-6 trans-signaling loop. Malignant cells signal via IL-6 to muscle and fat, muscle to fat via sIL6R, and fat to muscle via lipids and IL-6, all targetable mechanisms for treatment of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Rupert
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ashok Narasimhan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ernie Au
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Libbie M. Silverman
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - George Sandusky
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sha Cao
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thomas M. O’Connell
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Leonidas G. Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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6
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Plasma Metabolic Signature and Abnormalities in HIV-Infected Individuals on Long-Term Successful Antiretroviral Therapy. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100210. [PMID: 31574898 PMCID: PMC6835959 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted metabolomics studies reported metabolic abnormalities in both treated and untreated people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLHIV). The present study aimed to understand the plasma metabolomic changes and predicted the risk of accelerated aging in PLHIV on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a case-control study setting and its association with the plasma proteomics biomarkers of inflammation and neurological defects. Plasma samples were obtained from PLHIV on successful long-term ART for more than five years (n = 22) and matched HIV-negative healthy individuals (n = 22, HC herein). Untargeted metabolite profiling was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). Plasma proteomics profiling was performed using proximity extension assay targeting 184 plasma proteins. A total of 250 metabolites differed significantly (p < 0.05, q < 0.1) between PLHIV and HC. Plasma levels of several essential amino acids except for histidine, branched-chain amino acids, and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan) were significantly lower in PLHIV compared to HC. Machine-learning prediction of metabolite changes indicated a higher risk of inflammatory and neurological diseases in PLHIV. Metabolic abnormalities were observed in amino-acid levels, energetics, and phospholipids and complex lipids, which may reflect known differences in lipoprotein levels in PLHIV that can resemble metabolic syndrome (MetS).
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Ramasamy DK, Dutta T, Kannan V, Chandramouleeswaran V. Amino acids in post-stroke rehabilitation. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:426-431. [PMID: 31328694 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1641295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Patients with stroke are prone to disability due to muscle hypercatabolism. We aim to review this concept based on available data on benefits of amino acid supplementation in post-stroke rehabilitation.Method: The search was performed on Medline and Embase in January 2019. Randomized controlled studies, observational studies and case reports conducted in the last 15 years on the supplementation of amino acids in post-stroke rehabilitation patients were included.Result: Amino acids prevent muscle hypercatabolism in post stroke patients by suppressing myofibrillar protein and skeletal muscle degradation. Stroke patients supplemented with amino acids led to an improvement of functional and physical performance.Discussion: Muscle protein hypercatabolism and sequestration of amino acids from skeletal muscles occur cyclically in post-stroke patients to counter each other. There is a resultant deficit of amino acids which is unmet. Amino acids have antiproteolytic effect. Its supplementation prevents muscle wasting and improves rehabilitation by promoting physical performance, muscle strength, mass, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trayambak Dutta
- Department of Medical & Scientific Affairs, Tablets India Ltd., Chennai, India
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Rusnak J, Behnes M, Saleh A, Fastner C, Sattler K, Barth C, Wenke A, Sartorius B, Mashayekhi K, Hoffmann U, Yuecel G, Lang S, Borggrefe M, Akin I. Interventional left atrial appendage closure may affect metabolism of essential amino acids and bioenergetic efficacy. Int J Cardiol 2018; 268:125-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ghanemi A, St-Amand J. Interleukin-6 as a "metabolic hormone". Cytokine 2018; 112:132-136. [PMID: 29983356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that is involved in divers immune responses and implicated in a number of diseases. However, this cytokine has other non-immune functions. Within this review, we highlight selected effects on metabolic pathways, which are mediated, controlled or modified by the IL-6. Importantly, putting spotlight on such concepts could allow us to classify IL-6 among the metabolic hormones and further study it to both deepen our knowledge on disorders involving metabolic or energy imbalances such as obesity and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, potential explanations related to IL-6 roles in both physiology and pathology as well as relevant implications and applications on both research and therapeutic fields are also pointed as consequences of the involvement of IL-6 in the energy and metabolic homeostasis via its "endocrine" roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada; Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada; Functional Genomics Laboratory, CREMI, Québec Genome Center, CHUL-CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.
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10
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Restorative Mechanisms Regulating Protein Balance in Skeletal Muscle During Recovery From Sepsis. Shock 2018; 47:463-473. [PMID: 27749759 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Muscle deconditioning is commonly observed in patients surviving sepsis. Little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle protein homeostasis during the recovery or convalescence phase. We adapted a sepsis-recovery mouse model that uses cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), followed 24 h later by cecal resection and antibiotic treatment, to identify putative cellular pathways regulating protein synthesis and breakdown in skeletal muscle. Ten days after CLP, body weight and food consumption did not differ between control and sepsis-recovery mice, but gastrocnemius weight was reduced. During sepsis-recovery, muscle protein synthesis was increased 2-fold and associated with enhanced mTOR kinase activity (4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation). The sepsis-induced increase in 4E-BP1 was associated with enhanced formation of the eIF4E-eIF4G active cap-dependent complex, while the increased S6K1 was associated with increased phosphorylation of downstream targets S6 and eIF4B. Proximal to mTOR, sepsis-recovery increased Akt and TSC2 phosphorylation, did not alter AMPK phosphorylation, and decreased REDD1 protein content. Despite the decreased mRNA content for the E3 ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger 1, proteasomal activity was increased 50%. In contrast, sepsis-recovery was associated with an apparent decrease in autophagy (e.g., increased ULK-1 phosphorylation, decreased LCB3-II, and increased p62). The mRNA content for IL-1β, IL-18, TNFα, and IL-6 in muscle was elevated in sepsis-recovery. During recovery after sepsis skeletal muscle responds with an increase in Akt-TSC2-mTOR-dependent protein synthesis and decreased autophagy, but full restoration of muscle protein content may be slowed by the continued stimulation of ubiquitin-proteasome activity.
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11
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Shi H, Na Q, Zhang X, Jiang X. Correlations between the levels of acute infection markers and serum albumin in elderly patients with hip fracture. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:435-441. [PMID: 27256079 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore a clinical index that could predict the decline of serum albumin (ALB) in elderly patients (over 60 years old) with hip fractures in 2014. METHODS All the data came from the retrospective survey, and the correlations between the ALB changes and acute infection markers were then analyzed using correlation analysis. The changes of infection markers and ALB before and after surgery were compared using the t test. RESULTS There was no correlation of the serum ALB blood with interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.072, P = 0.588), C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = -0.249, P = 0.057), or calcitonin (PCT) (r = -0.038, P = 0.775) when patients were admitted, but it was negatively correlated with the total amount of infection markers (TAIMs) (r = -0.301, P = 0.020). The postoperative levels of IL-6 (154.23 ± 177.14 pg/mL) (P < 0.001), CRP (69.52 ± 39.84 mg/L) (P < 0.001), and PCT (1.27 ± 2.4 ng/mL) (P < 0.001) were significantly increased than those before surgery [IL-6 (44.96 ± 54.58 pg/mL), CRP (31.78 ± 29.90 mg/L), and PCT (0.42 ± 1.06 ng/mL)]. The postoperative level of serum ALB (29.93 ± 3.02 g/L) was significantly reduced than that before surgery (33.95 ± 3.69 g/L) (P < 0.001). The serum ALB level was negatively correlated with IL-6 (r = -0.333, P = 0.015) before surgery, but not correlated with TAIMs (r = -0.256, P = 0.061). The serum ALB level was negatively correlated with IL-6 (r = -0.292, P = 0.034) and TAIMs (r = -0.271, P = 0.050) after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The serum IL-6 level could predict the changes of ALB during the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Yuxi Hospital, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Qiang Na
- Department of Orthopedics, Yuxi Hospital, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Xiguang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yuxi Hospital, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Xiang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yuxi Hospital, Yuxi, 653100, China.
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12
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Wandrag L, Siervo M, Riley HL, Khosravi M, Fernandez BO, Leckstrom CA, Martin DS, Mitchell K, Levett DZH, Montgomery HE, Mythen MG, Stroud MA, Grocott MPW, Feelisch M. Does hypoxia play a role in the development of sarcopenia in humans? Mechanistic insights from the Caudwell Xtreme Everest Expedition. Redox Biol 2017; 13:60-68. [PMID: 28570949 PMCID: PMC5451185 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Sarcopenia refers to the involuntary loss of skeletal muscle and is a predictor of physical disability/mortality. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, although roles for altered hypoxic signaling, oxidative stress, adipokines and inflammatory mediators have been suggested. Sarcopenia also occurs upon exposure to the hypoxia of high altitude. Using data from the Caudwell Xtreme Everest expedition we therefore sought to analyze the extent of hypoxia-induced body composition changes and identify putative pathways associated with fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) loss. Methods After baseline testing in London (75 m), 24 investigators ascended from Kathmandu (1300 m) to Everest base camp (EBC 5300 m) over 13 days. Fourteen investigators climbed above EBC, eight of whom reached the summit (8848 m). Assessments were conducted at baseline, during ascent and after one, six and eight week(s) of arrival at EBC. Changes in body composition (FM, FFM, total body water, intra- and extra-cellular water) were measured by bioelectrical impedance. Biomarkers of nitric oxide and oxidative stress were measured together with adipokines, inflammatory, metabolic and vascular markers. Results Participants lost a substantial, but variable, amount of body weight (7.3±4.9 kg by expedition end; p<0.001). A progressive loss of both FM and FFM was observed, and after eight weeks, the proportion of FFM loss was 48% greater than FM loss (p<0.008). Changes in protein carbonyls (p<0.001) were associated with a decline in FM whereas 4-hydroxynonenal (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p<0.001) correlated with FFM loss. GLP-1 (r=−0.45, p<0.001) and nitrite (r=−0.29, p<0.001) concentration changes were associated with FFM loss. In a multivariate model, GLP-1, insulin and nitrite were significant predictors of FFM loss while protein carbonyls were predicted FM loss. Conclusions The putative role of GLP-1 and nitrite as mediators of the effects of hypoxia on FFM is an intriguing finding. If confirmed, nutritional and pharmacological interventions targeting these pathways may offer new avenues for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesl Wandrag
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, UK; University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle on Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Heather L Riley
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, WC1B 6BT, UK
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Carl A Leckstrom
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Daniel S Martin
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, 9th Floor, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Kay Mitchell
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Denny Z H Levett
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, UK
| | - Hugh E Montgomery
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK
| | - Monty G Mythen
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK
| | - Michael A Stroud
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Michael P W Grocott
- University College London Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport and Exercise Health, 170 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7HA, UK; Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, UK.
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13
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Poggiogalle E, Donini LM, Lenzi A, Chiesa C, Pacifico L. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease connections with fat-free tissues: A focus on bone and skeletal muscle. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1747-1757. [PMID: 28348479 PMCID: PMC5352914 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i10.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The estimates of global incidence and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are worrisome, due to the parallel burden of obesity and its metabolic complications. Indeed, excess adiposity and insulin resistance represent two of the major risk factors for NAFLD; interestingly, in the last years a growing body of evidence tended to support a novel mechanistic perspective, in which the liver is at the center of a complex interplay involving organs and systems, other than adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis. Bone and the skeletal muscle are fat- free tissues which appeared to be independently associated with NAFLD in several cross-sectional studies. The deterioration of bone mineral density and lean body mass, leading to osteoporosis and sarcopenia, respectively, are age-related processes. The prevalence of NAFLD also increases with age. Beyond physiological aging, the three conditions share some common underlying mechanisms, and their elucidations could be of paramount importance to design more effective treatment strategies for the management of NAFLD. In this review, we provide an overview on epidemiological data as well as on potential contributors to the connections of NAFLD with bone and skeletal muscle.
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14
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Shyh-Chang N. Metabolic Changes During Cancer Cachexia Pathogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:233-249. [PMID: 29282687 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wasting of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is a hallmark of metastatic cancer and a major cause of death. Like patients with cachexia caused by other chronic infections or inflammatory diseases, the cancer subject manifests both malnutrition and metabolic stress. Both carbohydrate utilization and amino acid incorporation are decreased in the muscles of cancer cachexia patients. Cancer cells affect host metabolism in two ways: (a) their own metabolism of nutrients into other metabolites and (b) circulating factors they secrete or induce the host to secrete. Accelerated glycolysis and lactate production, i.e., the Warburg effect and the resultant increase in Cori cycle activity, are the most widely discussed metabolic effects. Meanwhile, although a large number of pro-cachexia circulating factors have been found, such as TNFa, IL-6, myostatin, and PTHrp, none have been shown to be a dominant factor that can be targeted singly to treat cancer cachexia in humans. It is possible that given the complex multifactorial nature of the cachexia secretome, and the personalized differences between cancer patients, targeting any single circulating factor would always be insufficient to treat cachexia for all patients. Here we review the metabolic changes that occur in response to tumor growth and tumor-secreted factors during cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ng Shyh-Chang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
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15
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Rodriguez J, Caille O, Ferreira D, Francaux M. Pomegranate extract prevents skeletal muscle of mice against wasting induced by acute TNF-α injection. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27804206 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE We investigated whether punicalagin-rich pomegranate extract (PE) protects skeletal muscle of mice against inflammation induced by an acute injection of TNF-α. RESULTS Mice fed with PE or standard chow during 6 wk were injected with TNF-α (100 ng/g) or vehicle and sacrificed 6 h later. Prior supplementation with PE prevented the loss of tibialis anterior mass induced by TNF-α. In skeletal muscle, the activation of the NF-κB signaling and the induction of cytokines mRNA were reduced in mice having received PE. In those mice, the activity of the Akt/mTORC1 pathway and the protein synthesis were maintained after TNF-α injection whereas markers involved in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway were less activated. As urolithin A was the only punicalagin metabolite detectable in plasma of mice supplemented with PE, we performed in vitro experiments using a murine cell line (C2C12) to provide evidence that urolithin A is likely the active compound protecting skeletal muscle against TNF-α-induced inflammation. CONCLUSION (FOCUS ON NUTRITIONAL RELEVANCE) These results suggest that supplementation with a punicalagin-rich PE may protect skeletal muscle against an acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rodriguez
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Caille
- Institut Meurice, Haute Ecole Lucia de Brouckère, Anderlecht, Belgium
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Patin F, Baranek T, Vourc'h P, Nadal-Desbarats L, Goossens JF, Marouillat S, Dessein AF, Descat A, Hounoum BM, Bruno C, Watier H, Si-Tahar M, Leman S, Lecron JC, Andres CR, Corcia P, Blasco H. Combined Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Approaches to Assess the IL-6 Blockade as a Therapeutic of ALS: Deleterious Alteration of Lipid Metabolism. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:905-917. [PMID: 27444617 PMCID: PMC5081117 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), motor neuron degeneration occurs simultaneously with systemic metabolic impairment and neuroinflammation. Playing an important role in the regulation of both phenomena, interleukin (IL)-6, a major cytokine of the inflammatory response has been proposed as a target for management of ALS. Although a pilot clinical trial provided promising results in humans, another recent preclinical study showed that knocking out the IL-6 gene in mice carrying ALS did not improve clinical outcome. In this study, we aimed to determine the relevance of the IL-6 pathway blockade in a mouse model of ALS by using a pharmacological antagonist of IL-6, a murine surrogate of tocilizumab, namely MR16-1. We analyzed the immunological and metabolic effects of IL-6 blockade by cytokine measurement, blood cell immunophenotyping, targeted metabolomics, and transcriptomics. A deleterious clinical effect of MR16-1 was revealed, with a speeding up of weight loss (p = 0.0041) and decreasing body weight (p < 0.05). A significant increase in regulatory T-cell count (p = 0.0268) and a decrease in C-X-C ligand-1 concentrations in plasma (p = 0.0479) were observed. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that MR16-1 mainly affected branched-chain amino acid, lipid, arginine, and proline metabolism. IL-6 blockade negatively affected body weight, despite a moderated anti-inflammatory effect. Metabolic effects of IL-6 were mild compared with metabolic disturbances observed in ALS, but a modification of lipid metabolism by therapy was identified. These results indicate that IL-6 blockade did not improve clinical outcome of a mutant superoxide dismutase 1 mouse model of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Patin
- INSERM, UMR U930 "Imagerie et Cerveau", Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France.
| | - Thomas Baranek
- INSERM, UMR 1100 "Centre d'étude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- INSERM, UMR U930 "Imagerie et Cerveau", Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
- PPF "Analyse des systèmes biologiques", Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lydie Nadal-Desbarats
- INSERM, UMR U930 "Imagerie et Cerveau", Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- PPF "Analyse des systèmes biologiques", Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jean-François Goossens
- Centre Universitaire de Mesures et d'Analyses (CUMA), Université de Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Sylviane Marouillat
- INSERM, UMR U930 "Imagerie et Cerveau", Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | - Amandine Descat
- Centre Universitaire de Mesures et d'Analyses (CUMA), Université de Lille 2, Lille, France
| | | | - Clément Bruno
- INSERM, UMR U930 "Imagerie et Cerveau", Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Hervé Watier
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Tours, France
| | - Mustafa Si-Tahar
- INSERM, UMR 1100 "Centre d'étude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Samuel Leman
- INSERM, UMR U930 "Imagerie et Cerveau", Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, UPRES EA4331, Pôle Biologie Santé, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Christian R Andres
- INSERM, UMR U930 "Imagerie et Cerveau", Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- INSERM, UMR U930 "Imagerie et Cerveau", Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Fédération des CRCSLA Tours-Limoges (LITORALS), Tours, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- INSERM, UMR U930 "Imagerie et Cerveau", Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
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Murton AJ, Maddocks M, Stephens FB, Marimuthu K, England R, Wilcock A. Consequences of Late-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cachexia on Muscle Metabolic Processes. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 18:e1-e11. [PMID: 27461772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The loss of muscle is common in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and contributes to the high morbidity and mortality of this group. The exact mechanisms behind the muscle loss are unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS To investigate this, 4 patients with stage IV NSCLC who met the clinical definitions for sarcopenia and cachexia were recruited, along with 4 age-matched healthy volunteers. After an overnight fast, biopsy specimens were obtained from the vastus lateralis, and the key components associated with inflammation and the control of muscle protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism were assessed. RESULTS Compared with the healthy volunteers, significant increases in mRNA levels for interleukin-6 and NF-κB signaling and lower intramyocellular lipid content in slow-twitch fibers were observed in NSCLC patients. Although a significant decrease in phosphorylation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling protein 4E-BP1 (Ser65) was observed, along with a trend toward reduced p70 S6K (Thr389) phosphorylation (P = .06), no difference was found between groups for the mRNA levels of MAFbx (muscle atrophy F box) and MuRF1 (muscle ring finger protein 1), chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome, or protein levels of multiple proteasome subunits. Moreover, despite decreases in intramyocellular lipid content, no robust changes in mRNA levels for key proteins involved in insulin signaling, glycolysis, oxidative metabolism, or fat metabolism were observed. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that examining the contribution of suppressed mTOR signaling in the loss of muscle mass in late-stage NSCLC patients is warranted and reinforces our need to understand the potential contribution of impaired fat metabolism and muscle protein synthesis in the etiology of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Murton
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom; MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew Maddocks
- Department of Palliative Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francis B Stephens
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kanagaraj Marimuthu
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth England
- Department of Palliative Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wilcock
- Department of Palliative Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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RODRIGUEZ JULIE, FERNÁNDEZ-VERDEJO RODRIGO, PIERRE NICOLAS, PRIEM FABIAN, FRANCAUX MARC. Endurance Training Attenuates Catabolic Signals Induced by TNF-α in Muscle of Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:227-34. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Talbert EE, Guttridge DC. Impaired regeneration: A role for the muscle microenvironment in cancer cachexia. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 54:82-91. [PMID: 26385617 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While changes in muscle protein synthesis and degradation have long been known to contribute to muscle wasting, a body of literature has arisen which suggests that regulation of the satellite cell and its ensuing regenerative program are impaired in atrophied muscle. Lessons learned from cancer cachexia suggest that this regulation is simply not a consequence, but a contributing factor to the wasting process. In addition to satellite cells, evidence from mouse models of cancer cachexia also suggests that non-satellite progenitor cells from the muscle microenvironment are also involved. This chapter in the series reviews the evidence of dysfunctional muscle repair in multiple wasting conditions. Potential mechanisms for this dysfunctional regeneration are discussed, particularly in the context of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Talbert
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, and the Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, and the Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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20
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Khan ASA, Gibson JM, Carlson GL, Rooyackers O, New JP, Soop M. Protein kinetics in human endotoxaemia and their temporal relation to metabolic, endocrine and proinflammatory cytokine responses. Br J Surg 2015; 102:767-75. [PMID: 25950998 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is associated with profound alterations in protein metabolism. The unpredictable time course of sepsis and the multiplicity of confounding factors prevent studies of temporal relations between the onset of endocrine and proinflammatory cytokine responses and the onset of protein catabolism. This study aimed to determine the time course of whole-body protein catabolism, and relate it to the endocrine, metabolic and cytokine responses in a human endotoxaemia model of early sepsis. METHODS Six healthy male volunteers were studied twice in random order, before and for 600 min after administration of either an intravenous bolus of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sterile saline. Whole-body protein synthesis, breakdown and net protein breakdown were measured by amino acid tracer infusion, and related to changes in plasma levels of growth hormone, glucagon, cortisol, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α and interleukin (IL) 6. RESULTS Protein synthesis, breakdown and net protein breakdown increased and peaked 120 min after LPS administration (P < 0·001), the alterations persisting for up to 480 min. These peaks coincided with peaks in plasma growth hormone, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations (P = 0·049, P < 0·001 and P < 0·001 for LPS versus saline), whereas plasma cortisol concentration peaked later. No alterations in plasma insulin or glucagon concentrations, or in the IGF axis were observed during the period of abnormalities of protein metabolism. CONCLUSION LPS administration induced an early protein catabolic response in young men and this coincided with changes in plasma growth hormone, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations, rather than changes in cortisol, glucagon, insulin or the IGF axis. Surgical relevance Sepsis in surgical patients is common and remains associated with substantial mortality. Although sepsis is a heterogeneous condition and its pathophysiology therefore difficult to study, a universal and profound clinical problem is protein catabolism not responsive to nutritional support. Human experimental endotoxaemia is a promising model of clinical sepsis that can be used to elucidate underlying pathophysiology and explore novel therapeutic approaches. This study demonstrates that human experimental endotoxaemia replicates the changes in whole-body protein turnover seen in clinical sepsis. Frequent measurements allowed identification of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 6 and growth hormone as putative mediators. Human experimental endotoxaemia is a valid model for further study of mechanisms and putative therapies of catabolism associated with sepsis. In particular, effects of TNF-α and IL-6 blockade should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S A Khan
- Vascular Research Group, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Clark YY, Wold LE, Szalacha LA, McCarthy DO. Ubiquinol reduces muscle wasting but not fatigue in tumor-bearing mice. Biol Res Nurs 2014; 17:321-9. [PMID: 25230747 DOI: 10.1177/1099800414543822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatigue is the most common and distressing symptom reported by cancer patients during and after treatment. Tumor growth increases oxidative stress and cytokine production, which causes skeletal muscle wasting and cardiac dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with the antioxidant ubiquinol improves muscle mass, cardiac function, and behavioral measures of fatigue in tumor-bearing mice. METHOD Adult female mice were inoculated with colon26 tumor cells. Half the control and tumor-bearing mice were administered ubiquinol (500 mg/kg/day) in their drinking water. Voluntary wheel running (i.e., voluntary running activity [VRA]) and grip strength were measured at Days 0, 8, 14, and 17 of tumor growth. Cardiac function was measured using echocardiography on Day 18 or 19. Biomarkers of inflammation, protein degradation, and oxidative stress were measured in serum and heart and gastrocnemius tissue. RESULTS VRA and grip strength progressively declined in tumor-bearing mice. Muscle mass and myocardial diastolic function were decreased, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines was increased in serum and muscle and heart tissue on Day 19 of tumor growth. Oxidative stress was present only in the heart, while biomarkers of protein degradation were increased only in the gastrocnemius muscle. Ubiquinol increased muscle mass in the tumor-bearing and control animals but had no effect on the expression of biomarkers of inflammation, protein degradation, or oxidative stress or on behavioral measures of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Y Clark
- Pain Evaluation and Management Center of Ohio, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Loren E Wold
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura A Szalacha
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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22
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Sengupta M, Cheema A, Kaminski HJ, Kusner LL. Serum metabolomic response of myasthenia gravis patients to chronic prednisone treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102635. [PMID: 25032816 PMCID: PMC4102553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prednisone is often used for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases but they suffer from variable therapeutic responses and significant adverse effects. Serum biological markers that are modulated by chronic corticosteroid use have not been identified. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder caused by antibodies directed against proteins present at the post-synaptic surface of neuromuscular junction resulting in weakness. The patients with myasthenia gravis are primarily treated with prednisone. We analyzed the metabolomic profile of serum collected from patients prior to and after 12 weeks of prednisone treatment during a clinical trial. Our aim was to identify metabolites that may be treatment responsive and be evaluated in future studies as potential biomarkers of efficacy or adverse effects. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electro-spray quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry was used to obtain comparative metabolomic and lipidomic profile. Untargeted metabolic profiling of serum showed a clear distinction between pre- and post- treatment groups. Chronic prednisone treatment caused upregulation of membrane associated glycerophospholipids: phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, 1, 2-diacyl-sn glycerol 3 phosphate and 1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Arachidonic acid (AA) and AA derived pro-inflammatory eicosanoids such as 18-carboxy dinor leukotriene B4 and 15 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids were reduced. Perturbations in amino acid, carbohydrate, vitamin and lipid metabolism were observed. Chronic prednisone treatment caused increase in membrane associated glycerophospholipids, which may be associated with certain adverse effects. Decrease of AA and AA derived pro-inflammatory eicosanoids demonstrate that immunosuppression by corticosteroid is via suppression of pro-inflammatory pathways. The study identified metabolomic fingerprints that can now be validated as prednisone responsive biomarkers for the improvement in diagnostic accuracy and prediction of therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjistha Sengupta
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Amrita Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Henry J. Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Linda L. Kusner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Witteveen E, Wieske L, Verhamme C, Schultz MJ, van Schaik IN, Horn J. Muscle and nerve inflammation in intensive care unit-acquired weakness: a systematic translational review. J Neurol Sci 2014; 345:15-25. [PMID: 25128472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is an important complication of critical illness. The main risk factors, sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, suggest an inflammatory pathogenesis. In this systematic translational review we summarize current knowledge on inflammation in muscle and nerve tissue in animal models of ICU-AW and in critically ill patients with ICU-AW. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science using predefined search and selection criteria. From the included studies we extracted data on study characteristics and on inflammation in muscle and nerve tissue. RESULTS The literature search yielded 349 unique articles, of which 12 animal studies and 20 human studies fulfilled the in- and exclusion criteria. All studies had important shortcomings in methodological quality. In the animal studies, inflammation of muscle tissue was found, represented by cellular infiltration and increased local levels of various inflammatory mediators. In human studies, high levels of various inflammatory mediators were found in muscle and nerve tissue of ICU-AW patients. CONCLUSION This systematic translational review suggests a role for local inflammation in ICU-AW, but the available evidence is limited and studies have severe methodological limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Witteveen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L∙E∙I∙C∙A), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Luuk Wieske
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L∙E∙I∙C∙A), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Camiel Verhamme
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L∙E∙I∙C∙A), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ivo N van Schaik
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Janneke Horn
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bornø A, van Hall G. Quantitative amino acid profiling and stable isotopically labeled amino acid tracer enrichment used for in vivo human systemic and tissue kinetics measurements. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 951-952:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chronic inflammation and neutrophil activation as possible causes of joint diseases in ballet dancers. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:846021. [PMID: 24701035 PMCID: PMC3950498 DOI: 10.1155/2014/846021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the effects of a ballet class on the kinetic profiles of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, cytokines, complement component 3 (C3), and the concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig), IgA and IgM, in ballerinas. We also verified neutrophil death and ROS release. Blood samples were taken from 13 dancers before, immediately after, and 18 hours after a ballet class. The ballet class increased the plasma activities of CK-total (2.0-fold) immediately after class, while the activities of CK-cardiac muscle (1.0-fold) and LDH (3.0-fold) were observed to increase 18 hours after the class. Levels of the TNF-α, IL-1β, IgG, and IgA were not affected under the study conditions. The exercise was found to induce neutrophil apoptosis (6.0-fold) 18 hours after the ballet class. Additionally, immediately after the ballet class, the neutrophils from the ballerinas were found to be less responsive to PMA stimulus. Conclusion. Ballet class was found to result in inflammation in dancers. The inflammation caused by the ballet class remained for 18 hours after the exercise. These findings are important in preventing the development of chronic lesions that are commonly observed in dancers, such as those with arthritis and synovitis.
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van de Vyver M, Myburgh KH. Variable inflammation and intramuscular STAT3 phosphorylation and myeloperoxidase levels after downhill running. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24:e360-71. [PMID: 24383415 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Individual responses in creatine kinase (CK) release after eccentric exercise are divergent. This study aimed to identify whether this could be related to selected humoral or intramuscular inflammatory factors. Twenty-three subjects were divided into non-exercising (n = 5) and downhill run (DHR; n = 18) groups (12 × 5 min, 10% decline at 15 km/h). Blood samples were analyzed for white blood cell differential count, CK, myoglobin, tumor necrosis factor-α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Muscle biopsies were analyzed for signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), IκBα, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). DHR participants clustered as early (DHR1) recovery, biphasic response (DHR2), or classic delayed exaggerated CK response (DHR3), with a delayed CK peak (4784 ± 1496 U/L) on day 4. For DHR1 and DHR2, CK peaked on day 1 (DHR1: 1198 ± 837 U/L) or on day 1 and day 4 (DHR2: 1583 ± 448 U/L; 1878 ± 427 U/L), respectively. Immediately post-DHR, IL-6 increased in DHR2 and DHR3 whereas IL-10 increased in all DHR groups. STAT3 signaling increased for DHR1 and DHR2 at 4 h, but MPO at day 2 only in DHR2. Objective cluster analysis uncovered a group of subjects with a characteristic biphasic CK release after DHR. The second elevation was related to their early cytokine response. The results provide evidence that early responses following eccentric exercise are indicative of later variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van de Vyver
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review considers evidence that the clinical condition of heart failure alters skeletal muscle protein synthesis and/or breakdown to promote skeletal muscle wasting and functional decrements that ultimately contribute to the symptomology of the disease. RECENT FINDINGS Advanced HF is frequently accompanied by muscle atrophy and a cachectic phenotype. Protein metabolic derangements that promote this phenotype are understudied and poorly understood. Instead, most investigations have evaluated regulatory hormones/signaling pathways thought to be reflective of protein synthesis and breakdown. Several of these recent studies have provided exciting data suggesting that the dysfunctional myocardium releases catabolic agents that could promote the skeletal muscle myopathic phenotype either directly or through modulation of other regulatory systems (e.g., energy balance). SUMMARY Although our understanding of skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction in heart failure is limited, recent studies have provided clues about the nature and timing of protein metabolic dysfunction. More specifically, skeletal muscle protein metabolic derangements likely evolve during periods of disease-related stress (i.e., acute disease exacerbation and hospitalization) and potentially derive in part, from signals promoted in the damaged/dysfunctional myocardium. Despite these compelling studies, there is a surprising lack of data regarding the nature or timing of specific protein metabolic defects in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien M Callahan
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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