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Lazrak A, Desbois N, Bonnafous M, Ouamrane K, Merle H. Favorable outcome of Lasiodiplodia theobromae keratomycosis : a clinical case and systematic review. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:332. [PMID: 39118115 PMCID: PMC11308431 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKROUD Keratitis caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is rare and typically associated with a poor prognosis. Current literature lacks sufficient evidence on effective management of patients with this condition. CASE PRESENTATION A 74-year-old former agricultural worker presented with a red right eye, discomfort, and decreased visual acuity, progressing over three days without treatment. Examination revealed type 2 diabetes and a non-perforating, spiculated corneal abscess with a hypopyon in the right eye. Initial treatment included a triple antibiotic therapy and supportive care. Direct mycological examination identified numerous septate mycelial filaments. Antifungal treatment with natamycin and voriconazole, both topically and orally, was initiated. Cultures confirmed Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The patient showed significant improvement. Treatment continued for eight weeks, with a final visual acuity of 20/50 due to a stromal scar. CONCLUSION An extensive literature review conducted in November 2023, using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar with the keywords "lasiodiplodia" and "keratitis" yielded no previous cases of this specific condition being managed solely with the combined use of natamycin and voriconazole. This antifungal combination is commonly included in most management protocols for fungal keratitis. Factors such as the use of corticosteroids and delayed diagnosis were noted to adversely affect the prognosis. This case and this systematic review underscores the potential for non-surgical management options in severe fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lazrak
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Pierre Zobda-Quitman Hospital, BP 632, Fort de France Cedex, F-97261, France.
| | - Nicole Desbois
- Laboratory of Mycology, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Pierre Zobda-Quitman Hospital, Fort de France, France
| | - Martin Bonnafous
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Pierre Zobda-Quitman Hospital, BP 632, Fort de France Cedex, F-97261, France
| | - Katia Ouamrane
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Pierre Zobda-Quitman Hospital, BP 632, Fort de France Cedex, F-97261, France
| | - Harold Merle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Pierre Zobda-Quitman Hospital, BP 632, Fort de France Cedex, F-97261, France
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Hamerski C, Proia AD. Lasiodiplodia theobromae keratitis: A rare tropical fungal keratitis in a non-tropical climate. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2023; 32:101944. [PMID: 37915727 PMCID: PMC10616133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We present the clinical and histopathological findings of a geographically unique Lasiodiplodia theobromae fungal keratitis case in North Carolina. L. theobromae is a rare cause of fungal keratitis, and all but one of the 51 previously reported cases have occurred in patients living in the tropics. Observations A man in his early 50s developed L. theobromae keratitis after being struck in the left eye by a piece of debris while using a flexible-cord weed trimmer. Intracapsular lensectomy and penetrating keratoplasty were necessary when initial antimicrobial therapy was ineffective. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 four years postoperatively. Conclusions and Importance Our patient is only the second example of L. theobromae keratitis in a patient living in a sub-tropical climate and the first case in the U.S.A. outside of Florida. Additional in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing and documentation of more clinical cases are needed to define the optimal therapy for Lasiodiplodia theobromae keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Hamerski
- Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC, 27546, USA
| | - Alan D. Proia
- Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC, 27546, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Moon JY, Suh W, Jun RM, Han KE. Toxicity of simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral injection of voriconazole on corneal endothelium in a rabbit model. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:144-150. [PMID: 37350680 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2226714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the toxicity of repeated simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral injections of voriconazole in corneal endothelial cells in a rabbit model. METHODS Thirty-six eyes of 18 New Zealand white rabbits (six eyes per group) were divided into 6 groups according to the concentration of voriconazole (Group A, 0%; Group B, 0.05%; Group C, 0.1%; Group D, 0.25%; Group E, 0.5%; Group F, 1%). A combination of intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole injections were administrated to the eyes of each group three times on days 0, 3, and 7. Corneal clouding grades and central corneal thickness (CCT) were examined on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. The endothelial cell counts (ECC) were measured on days 0 and 14. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on day 14. RESULTS Group F (1%) showed more severe corneal clouding than the other groups (Groups A-E) from day 7 (p < 0.05, respectively). There were no significant differences in CCT and ECC among the six groups at any time point (p > 0.05, respectively). SEM revealed blurring of the cell border and loss of microvilli at concentrations ≥0.25% (Groups D-F). TEM revealed microstructural changes in endothelial cells at concentrations ≥0.1% (Groups C-F), and multiple vacuoles were observed at a concentration of 1% voriconazole (Group F). CONCLUSIONS Repeated simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole injections at a concentration of 0.1% or higher induced microstructural endothelial damage in rabbit corneal endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wool Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Roo Min Jun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ahirwar LK, Sheba E, Jakati S, Jayasudha R, Padakandla SR, Bagga B, Sharma S. Elucidating the clinical, microbiological and molecular diagnostic aspects of Macrophomina phaseolina keratitis. Med Mycol 2022; 60:myac024. [PMID: 35472145 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reports the clinico-microbiological features of Macrophomina phaseolina keratitis. Clinically diagnosed as microbial keratitis, six patients underwent microbiological evaluation. Fungal culture isolates from cornea were subjected to DNA sequencing of the ITS region, phylogenetic analysis and reconfirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of six antifungal drugs were determined by microbroth dilution method against the six isolates. All patients were treated with antifungals. Failed medical therapy necessitated therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK). Corneal buttons were processed for histopathology. In all patients, the corneal scraping showed septate hyaline fungal filaments. The BLAST analysis for ITS sequences of all six fungal isolates suggested M. phaseolina, however, when limited to sequences from type material, they matched M. pseudophaseolina. Phylogenetic analysis could not differentiate between these two species and clustered in a single clade. PCR assay of specific gene sequence [MpCal (calmodulin)] reconfirmed all isolates as M. phaseolina. The MICs of voriconazole and posaconazole were lowest (0.03 to 2 and 0.1 to 2µg/mL respectively) and all isolates were susceptible to natamycin. Except for case 1, which healed with a scar on treatment, all other cases worsened, despite medical treatment, necessitating TPK. Histopathology of 3 out of 4 buttons showed the presence of fungal filaments. While direct microscopic examination of corneal scrapings is helpful in diagnosis, identification of M. phaseolina in culture is challenging. Although MICs of commonly used antifungals are low response to medical therapy is not encouraging; patients may require TPK for resolution of infection in M. phaseolina keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kishore Ahirwar
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500034, India
| | - Esther Sheba
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500034, India
| | - Saumya Jakati
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500034, India
| | - Rajagopalaboopathi Jayasudha
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500034, India
| | - Shalem Raj Padakandla
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500034, India
| | - Bhupesh Bagga
- The Cornea Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500034, India
| | - Savitri Sharma
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500034, India
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Sharma A, Sharma R, Nirankari VS. Voriconazole-impregnated multilayered AMT and intracorneal plus intracameral injection in recalcitrant fungal corneal ulcer. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e246659. [PMID: 35351742 PMCID: PMC8966544 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the management of a referred man in his 50s with corneal ulcer in the left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed an infiltrate (4.5×3.5 mm), involving full corneal thickness, corneal melt less than one-third corneal thickness and hypopyon (3.0 mm). Branched septate hypha on direct microscopy and Aspergillus flavus in Sabaraud's dextrose agar confirmed the clinical diagnosis of fungal corneal ulcer. We used natamycin 5% suspension 1 hourly, voriconazole 1% 1 hourly, gatifloxacin 0.5% three times and atropine 1% three times per day, for 2 weeks. However, there was no improvement and the corneal melt increased. We used intracameral plus intracorneal voriconazole injection with voriconazole-impregnated amniotic membrane transplant. We observed a significant decrease in conjunctival congestion, size/depth of infiltrate and hypopyon at the first week of antifungal therapy. Subsequently, at 6 weeks, corneal infiltrate had decreased and superficial corneal vascularisation appeared. Later, at 12 weeks, the patient developed corneal opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Sharma
- Ophthalmology, Cornea Center, Chandigarh, India
- Dr Ashok Sharma's Cornea Centre, Chandigarh, India
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The Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors for Treatment Outcomes of Dematiaceous Fungal Keratitis over 9 Years at a Tertiary Eye Care in Northern Thailand. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070526. [PMID: 34208962 PMCID: PMC8303605 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dematiaceous fungal keratitis is an important etiology of visual loss, particularly in an agricultural society. From a retrospective review of medical records from 2012 to 2020, 50 keratitis cases of cultured-positive for dematiaceous fungi were presented at a tertiary care hospital in Northern Thailand. The study aimed to identify the isolated causative dematiaceous species using the PCR technique and to explore their related clinical features, including treatment prognoses. Sequencing of the amplified D1/D2 domains and/or ITS region were applied and sequenced. Of the 50 dematiaceous fungal keratitis cases, 41 patients were males (82%). In most cases, the onset happened during the monsoon season (June to September) (48%). The majority of the patients (72%) had a history of ocular trauma from an organic foreign body. The most common species identified were Lasiodiplodia spp. (19.35%), followed by Cladosporium spp. and Curvularia spp. (12.90% each). About half of the patients (52%) were in the medical failure group where surgical intervention was required. In summary, ocular trauma from an organic foreign body was the major risk factor of dematiaceous fungal keratitis in Northern Thailand. The brown pigmentation could be observed in only 26%. Significant prognostic factors for medical failure were visual acuity at presentation, area of infiltrate, depth of the lesions, and hypopyon.
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Sarika DT, Louisa M, Rozaliyani A, Evelina, Susiyanti M. Efficacy of adjuvant intrastromal and combination of intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole in <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em>-induced moderate fungal keratitis in rabbits. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2021. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.203726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no in vivo evidence for the effectiveness of adjuvant intrastromal and combination of intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole (VCZ) for treating Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of both agents against it.
METHODS A randomized, masked, controlled experimental study was conducted on 11 albino New Zealand white rabbits in which moderate fungal keratitis was induced by inoculating spores of A. fumigatus to the cornea. The rabbits were allocated into 3 groups: 50 μg/0.1 ml intrastromal VCZ injection, 50 μg/0.1 ml intrastromal VCZ and intracameral VCZ injections, and topical VCZ (control). The treatment was given 5 days after inoculation. Epithelial defect, infiltrate size, corneal ulcer depth, and hypopyon were evaluated clinically. Histopathological and mycological examinations were also done 14 days after treatment.
RESULTS All rabbits in the adjuvant treatment groups demonstrated a tendency of a better clinical response with decreasing size of epithelial defect (p = 0.679) and infiltrate (p = 0.755) than in the control group. Direct microscopy, corneal culture, and chop corneal tissue culture were still positive in most of the rabbits from all groups. Histopathological examination showed an increase of inflammatory cells after treatment in all groups, especially in rabbits which were inoculated with A. fumigatus spores in both eyes.
CONCLUSIONS An adjuvant combination of intrastromal and intracameral VCZ showed a tendency of better clinical response for A. fumigatus-induced moderate fungal keratitis in rabbits.
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Konar P, Joshi S, Mandhare SJ, Thakur R, Deshpande M, Dayal A. Intrastromal voriconazole: An adjuvant approach for recalcitrant mycotic keratitis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:35-38. [PMID: 31856462 PMCID: PMC6951197 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_378_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intrastromal voriconazole for the management of fungal keratitis not responding to conventional therapy. Methods: Patients having microbiologically proven fungal keratitis with poor response to 2 weeks of conventional topical therapy were included in the study. After obtaining informed consent, an intrastromal injection of voriconazole was administered around the ulcer. Response to treatment in the form reduction in the size of the ulcer and infiltration was recorded on regular follow-ups. Results: Out of a total of 20 patients, 14 responded to intrastromal treatment and resolved, whereas six patients progressed to perforation. Mean resolution time was 35.5 ± 9.2 days. The most common organism isolated was Fusarium in six patients while Aspergillus and Mucor were isolated in two each. The causative organism could not be isolated in eight patients. The size of the ulcer at presentation and height of hypopyon were found to be significant risk factors associated with treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Intrastromal voriconazole as an adjuvant therapy appeared to be effective in treatment of fungal keratomycosis not responding to conventional therapy, thus, reducing the need for therapeutic or tectonic keratoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Konar
- Department of Cornea, PBMA's H.V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Shilpa Joshi
- Department of Cornea, PBMA's H.V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Seema J Mandhare
- Department of Cornea, PBMA's H.V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Rasika Thakur
- Department of Cornea, PBMA's H.V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Madan Deshpande
- Department of Cornea, PBMA's H.V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Ashutosh Dayal
- Department of Cornea, PBMA's H.V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharastra, India
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Karachrysafi S, Sioga A, Komnenou A, Karamitsos A, Xioteli M, Dori I, Delis G, Kofidou E, Anastasiadou P, Sotiriou S, Karampatakis V, Papamitsou T. Histological Effects of Intravitreal Injection of Antifungal Agents in New Zealand White Rabbits: An Electron Microscopic and Immunohistochemical Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100267. [PMID: 32977587 PMCID: PMC7598222 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophthalmitis is a serious and vision-threatening infection which requires an immediate and effective treatment approach. Our research aims to elucidate the histological effects of the intravitreal injection of the maximum safe dosage of voriconazole and micafungin on retina. Six albino New Zealand White Rabbits were used. In experimental animals, a solution of voriconazole (Group V) or micafungin (Group M) was intravitreally injected in the right eye, while in control animals, balanced salt solution was intravitreally injected in the left eye (Group C). Euthanasia was performed ten days post injection and the retina was removed and prepared for histological examination with a light and electron microscope. Eosin-hematoxylin staining did not reveal any pathological changes in any of the samples examined. The immunohistochemical staining for Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-a) marker was detected as negative in all samples, while Interleukin 6 (IL-6) marker was detected as mild only in the group injected with voriconazole. Electron microscopy revealed several ultrastructural alterations in retinal layers in both groups of experimental animals. Histological retinal lesions, revealed with electron microscopy in the present investigation, raises the question of the safe usage of these antifungal agents in the treatment of fungal intraocular infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Karachrysafi
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonia Sioga
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Anastasia Komnenou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Athanasios Karamitsos
- 2nd University Eye Clinic, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece: Ring Road, Nea Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Maria Xioteli
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.X.); (I.D.)
| | - Ioanna Dori
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.X.); (I.D.)
| | - Georgios Delis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Kofidou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Penelope Anastasiadou
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Sotiris Sotiriou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Vasileios Karampatakis
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.); (T.P.)
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Effect of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) on the Metabolome of Two Strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Isolated from Grapevine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173833. [PMID: 32842542 PMCID: PMC7503889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the metabolome of two strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from grapevine that hold a different degree of virulence to the host plant (LA-SOL3 (more virulent), LA-SV1 (less virulent)) was investigated. The culture filtrates and crude extracts from the two strains grown in the presence and absence of 10 mM of GABA were tested for phytotoxicity on tomato plant cuttings and leaves, respectively. Considering the opportunistic nature of this fungus for humans, crude extracts were also tested for cytotoxicity on mammalian cell lines. We found that culture filtrates and crude extracts have a decreased toxicity in the presence of GABA. Metabolomic analysis, conducted on both strains at both growth conditions, revealed the production of several compounds, such as indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA, which is the main compound produced by L. theobromae), 3-indolecarboxyaldehyde, (3R,4S)-botryodiplodin, (R)-mellein. Finally, data demonstrate that GABA both induces a decrease in the amount of ICA, and a diversification of the metabolites produced by L. theobromae.
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Secondary Metabolites of Lasiodiplodia theobromae: Distribution, Chemical Diversity, Bioactivity, and Implications of Their Occurrence. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12070457. [PMID: 32709023 PMCID: PMC7405015 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a plant pathogenic fungus from the family Botryosphaeriaceae that is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. It has been associated with many hosts, causing diverse diseases and being responsible for serious damages on economically important crops. A diverse array of bioactive low molecular weight compounds has been described as being produced by L. theobromae cultures. In this review, the existing literature on secondary metabolites of L. theobromae, their bioactivity, and the implications of their occurrence are compiled. Moreover, the effects of abiotic factors (e.g., temperature, nutrient availability) on secondary metabolites production are highlighted, and possible avenues for future research are presented. Currently, a total of 134 chemically defined compounds belonging to the classes of secondary metabolites and fatty acids have been reported from over 30 L. theobromae isolates. Compounds reported include cyclohexenes and cyclohexenones, indoles, jasmonates, lactones, melleins, phenols, and others. Most of the existing bioactivity studies of L. theobromae metabolites have assessed their potential phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. In fact, its host adaptability and its ability to cause diseases in plants as well as in humans may be related to the capacity to produce bioactive compounds directly involved in host–fungus interactions.
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Rammohan R, Suneetha V, Sen S, Rameshkumar G, Lalitha P. Fungal Infections of the Eye. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-020-00142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Niu L, Liu X, Ma Z, Yin Y, Sun L, Yang L, Zheng Y. Fungal keratitis: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and prevention. Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103802. [PMID: 31626916 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of serious, potentially sight-threatening corneal infections with poor prognosis, fungal keratitis can bring a heavy economic burden to patients and seriously affect the quality of life, especially those in developing countries where fungal keratitis is more prevalent. Typical clinical features include immune rings, satellite lesions, pseudopods, hypha moss, hypopyon and endothelial plaques. The ideal therapeutic effects could not be achieved by current treatments for many reasons. Therefore, under the current status, understanding the pathogenesis, early diagnosis and prevention strategies might be of great importance. Here, in this review, we discuss the recent progresses that may advance our understanding of pathogenesis, early diagnosis and prevention of fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Niu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Lixia Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Longfei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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Gong Y, Xin M. Incidence of recurrent fungal keratitis after primary keratoplasty and visual outcome and prognosis after intervention for the recurrence. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15910. [PMID: 31192926 PMCID: PMC6587617 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no standardized protocols or guidelines for the treatment of recurrent fungal keratitis after therapeutic keratoplasty. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of recurrent fungal keratitis after the primary keratoplasty and the visual outcome and prognosis after intervention for the recurrence.This was a retrospective study. Patients with recurrent fungal keratitis after lamellar keratoplasty (LK) or penetrating keratoplasty (PK) were treated with different antifungal regimens at Shandong Eye Hospital and Qingdao Eye Hospital between Januray 2004 and December 2015. The operative techniques included PK, focal excision, tectonic keratoplasty with a patch graft, lensectomy and vitrectomy, and combined operation. Patients were followed at 1, 2, and 3 months, and then every 6 months after surgery for 2 years. Best corrected visual acuity was assessed and recurrence was recorded. Good prognosis was defined as the presence of visual acuity.Fungal keratitis recurred in 112 of 1448 patients (112/1448, 7.7%) treated initially with PK or LK. The good prognosis rates for different sites of recurrent fungal keratitis were: overall, 93 of 112 (83.0%); recipient bed, 64 of 69 (92.8%); anterior chamber, 14 of 14 (100%); posterior segment, 10 of 16 (62.5%); and atypical, 5 of 13 (38.5%). There was no significant difference in the timing of recurrence between the good and poor prognosis groups (P = .518). Recurrence rates were similar between patients with PK (8.6%) and those with LK (6.0%; P > .05), but the good prognosis rate in patients with post-LK recurrence (96.8%) was higher than that in patients with post-PK recurrence (77.8%, P = .017).Individualized treatment according to recurrent sites of fungal keratitis can achieve a good prognosis in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Gong
- Shandong University, Jinan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou
| | - Meng Xin
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Garg
- Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, KAR campus, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aravind Roy
- Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, KVC campus, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Vijayawada, India
| | - Paavan Kalra
- Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, KAR campus, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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16
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Srinivasarao DA, Lohiya G, Katti DS. Fundamentals, challenges, and nanomedicine‐based solutions for ocular diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 11:e1548. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dadi A. Srinivasarao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India
| | - Garima Lohiya
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India
| | - Dhirendra S. Katti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India
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17
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da Rosa PD, Locatelli C, Scheid K, Marinho D, Kliemann L, Fuentefria A, Goldani LZ. Antifungal Susceptibility, Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Isolated from a Patient with Keratitis. Mycopathologia 2018; 183:565-571. [PMID: 29383575 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a rare ocular pathogen. We report a patient with fungal keratitis caused by L. theobromae. The patient was a 75-year-old male, a farmer with diabetes type II, and no previous history of ocular trauma. Histopathology analysis revealed the presence fungi invading Descemet's membrane of the cornea. The fungus was characterized by septate, highly bulged fungal filaments involving full corneal thickness in the corresponding histopathology specimens. A dematiaceous mold was isolated and initally identified as L. theobromae by microscopic and macroscopic morphology, and further confirmed by PCR-based determination of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. Antifungal susceptibility tests showed sensitivity to amphotericin B (AMB) and voriconazole ( VRC), and resistance to other azoles, including itraconazole (ITC) and fluconazole (FLC). Corneal transplant was performed. Despite in vitro itraconazole resistance, the patient was successfully treated with oral itraconazole, topical voriconazole and natamycin, combined with ocular injections of amphotericin B and voriconazole.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Ascomycota/cytology
- Ascomycota/drug effects
- Ascomycota/genetics
- Ascomycota/isolation & purification
- Cornea/pathology
- Corneal Transplantation
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Drug Resistance, Fungal
- Eye Infections, Fungal/drug therapy
- Eye Infections, Fungal/microbiology
- Eye Infections, Fungal/surgery
- Histocytochemistry
- Humans
- Keratitis/drug therapy
- Keratitis/microbiology
- Keratitis/surgery
- Male
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Microbiological Techniques
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Dallé da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claudete Locatelli
- Serviço de Oftalmologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karla Scheid
- Serviço de Oftalmologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diane Marinho
- Serviço de Oftalmologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Kliemann
- Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciano Zubaran Goldani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Maharana PK, Sharma N, Nagpal R, Jhanji V, Das S, Vajpayee RB. Recent advances in diagnosis and management of Mycotic Keratitis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 64:346-57. [PMID: 27380973 PMCID: PMC4966371 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.185592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotic keratitis is a major cause of corneal blindness, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. The prognosis is markedly worse compared to bacterial keratitis. Delayed diagnosis and scarcity of effective antifungal agents are the major factors for poor outcome. Over the last decade, considerable progress has been made to rapidly diagnose cases with mycotic keratitis and increase the efficacy of treatment. This review article discusses the recent advances in diagnosis and management of mycotic keratitis with a brief discussion on rare and emerging organisms. A MEDLINE search was carried out for articles in English language, with the keywords, mycotic keratitis, fungal keratitis, emerging or atypical fungal pathogens in mycotic keratitis, investigations in mycotic keratitis, polymerase chain reaction in mycotic keratitis, confocal microscopy, treatment of mycotic keratitis, newer therapy for mycotic keratitis. All relevant articles were included in this review. Considering the limited studies available on newer diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in mycotic keratitis, case series as well as case reports were also included if felt important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla K Maharana
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Cornea and Refractive Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Nagpal
- Department of Ophthalmology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sujata Das
- Department of Ophthalmology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rasik B Vajpayee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vision Eye Institute, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, North West Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Molecular and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Characterization of Clinically Significant Melanized Fungi in India. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:1090-1103. [PMID: 28100598 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02413-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanized or black fungi are a heterogeneous group of fungi causing cutaneous to systemic diseases with high mortality. These fungi are rarely reported as agents of human infections, primarily due to difficulties in their classical identification. In this study, we examined, using molecular methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption ioniazation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), the diversity of melanized fungi (MF) isolated from patients in 19 medical centers in India. Overall, during a 4-year period, 718 (5.3%) clinical specimens yielded MF. Of these, 72 (10%) isolates had clinical significance and were identified primarily by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer and large subunit (LSU) regions. MF represented 21 genera comprising 29 species, the majority of them belonging to the orders Pleosporales (50%) and Chaetothyriales (22%). Among the 29 fungal species identified in this study, only 6 (20%) species were identified by the MALDI-TOF MS due to the limited commercial database of Bruker Daltonics for MF. However, a 100% identification rate of 20 additional species identified in this study was obtained by constructing an in-house database using 24- to 96-h-old liquid cultures. Further, the CLSI broth microdilution method revealed low MICs for posaconazole (≤1 μg/ml) and voriconazole (≤2 μg/ml) in 96% and 95% of isolates, respectively. Skin/subcutaneous and sino-nasal and pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis due to MF were diagnosed in 21.4% (n = 15) and 28.5% (n = 20) of cases. Also, 10% of patients had central nervous system involvement (n = 7), and 3 cases of fungal osteomyelitis due to Cladophialophora bantiana and Corynespora spp. were observed.
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20
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Wu J, Zhang WS, Zhao J, Zhou HY. Review of clinical and basic approaches of fungal keratitis. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1676-1683. [PMID: 27990375 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is a serious disease which can cause blindness. This review has current information about the pathogenesis, limitations of traditional diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, immune recognition and the diagnosis and therapy of FK. The information of this summary was reviewed regularly and updated as what we need in the diagnosis and therapy of FK nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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21
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Li STL, Yiu EPF, Wong AHY, Yeung JCT, Yu LWH. Successful Treatment of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Keratitis - Assessing the Role of Voriconazole. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2016; 7:179-185. [PMID: 27843433 PMCID: PMC5091232 DOI: 10.1159/000449369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this paper is to report the successful management of the first case of Lasiodiplodia theobromae keratitis in Hong Kong. Methods We conducted a case report. Results A 43-year-old Chinese male with a history of diabetes developed left eye keratitis after a trauma during tree felling. Fungal keratitis was diagnosed using a confocal microscope on day 1, and L. theobromae was confirmed from the culture. He was given oral voriconazole, topical natamycin, and topical and intracameral amphotericin B. The patient's condition improved after the initial treatment. However, there was a slow progression to descemetocele formation and impending perforation due to corneal melting. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed at 8 weeks after presentation. Final visual recovery was good with no recurrence of infection. The cornea remained clear. Conclusions We report the first case of L. theobromae keratitis in Hong Kong, and it is the only case so far that involved the use of oral voriconazole in the combination therapy. Early recognition with the aid of confocal microscopy allowed the early start of treatment. The use of newer antifungal voriconazole topically and orally combined with topical amphotericin B appeared to be useful in the eradication of the fungus and prevention of recurrence. Intracameral antifungals might have improved the clinical management.
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22
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Gu HJ, Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Dong SH, Kim SW, Huh HJ, Ki CS. Invasive Fungal Sinusitis by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in an Patient with Aplastic Anemia: An Extremely Rare Case Report and Literature Review. Mycopathologia 2016; 181:901-908. [PMID: 27650099 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human Lasiodiplodia theobromae infection has not been reported frequently. We report the first case of invasive L. theobromae nasal and neck infection. A 66-year-old male visited our hospital with anemia and general weakness. He showed pancytopenia, and his bone marrow examination revealed markedly decreased hematopoietic cells. The patient was presumed to have iatrogenic aplastic anemia due to mushroom toxicity. He began treatment for multiple organ infections with broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungal agents. During hospitalization, he complained of nasal obstruction and left neck lymph node enlargement. A mass-like lesion was observed, and a nasal mass biopsy was performed. The mass was identified as a fungal ball. He underwent surgical excision for the nasal mass and the neck lymph node. The pathologic examination indicated an invasive fungal infection, and the lymph node revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with fungal infection. 18s rRNA sequencing revealed that the sequence shared 99 % identity with L. theobromae. The nasal mass fungus was identified by internal transcribed spacer region sequencing from pathologic paraffin sections. The obtained sequence corresponded to Lasiodiplodia or Macrophoma. The sequence corresponded to the neck discharge sequence results. Hence, the patient was diagnosed with invasive fungal sinusitis with neck lymph node involvement caused by L. theobromae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae infection in Korea and the first report of invasive L. theobromae fungal sinusitis in the literature. We should include more precise evaluations of additional novel fungal species as possible candidates.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Anemia, Aplastic/complications
- Ascomycota/classification
- Ascomycota/genetics
- Ascomycota/isolation & purification
- Biopsy
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Histocytochemistry
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Male
- Microbiological Techniques
- Microscopy
- Mycoses/diagnosis
- Mycoses/microbiology
- Mycoses/pathology
- Mycoses/surgery
- Neck/pathology
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- Republic of Korea
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sinusitis/etiology
- Sinusitis/microbiology
- Sinusitis/pathology
- Sinusitis/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Hee Joo Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Sung Hwa Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Mohan M, Shalin SC, Kothari A, Rico JCC, Caradine K, Burgess M. Lasiodiplodia species fungal osteomyelitis in a multiple myeloma patient. Transpl Infect Dis 2016; 18:761-764. [PMID: 27391908 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia species are environmental fungi that have been reported as a cause of infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. We present a case of fungal osteomyelitis caused by Lasiodiplodia species in a patient with multiple myeloma after autologous stem cell transplant. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of surgery and oral voriconzole. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fungal osteomyelitis caused by Lasiodiplodia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohan
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - S C Shalin
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - A Kothari
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - J C C Rico
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - K Caradine
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - M Burgess
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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24
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Robaei D, Carnt N, Watson S. Established and emerging ancillary techniques in management of microbial keratitis: a review. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 100:1163-70. [PMID: 26888977 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbial keratitis is a sight-threatening condition and an ocular emergency, because of the potential for rapid progression. Intensive topical antimicrobials are the mainstay and the gold standard of treatment for microbial keratitis. However, despite appropriate diagnosis and therapy, treatment failure is still common, and can result in significant morbidity due to corneal perforation and/or scarring. For this reason, clinicians continue to seek novel treatment techniques in order to expand the armamentarium of tools available to manage microbial keratitis, and in doing so improve clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine the evidence for some established, as well as a few emerging ancillary techniques used to manage microbial keratitis. These include topical corticosteroids, corneal collagen cross-linking, intrastromal antimicrobials, amniotic membrane transplantation and miscellaneous other techniques. Of these, collagen cross-linking shows some promise for selected cases of infectious keratitis, although more research in the area is required before it is accepted as mainstream treatment for this potentially blinding condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Robaei
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole Carnt
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Watson
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Corneal Unit, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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