1
|
Walbum P, Andreasen L, Geilswijk M, Niemann I, Sunde L. Aneuploidy is frequent in heterozygous diploid and triploid hydatidiform moles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6876. [PMID: 38519579 PMCID: PMC10960034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydatidiform moles are abnormal conceptuses. Many hydatidiform moles are diploid androgenetic, and of these, most are homozygous in all loci. Additionally, most hydatidiform moles are euploid. Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) array analysis, in two studies a higher frequency of aneuploidy was observed in diploid androgenetic heterozygous conceptuses, than in their homozygous counterparts. In the Danish Mole Project, we analyze conceptuses suspected to be hydatidiform moles due to the clinical presentation, using karyotyping and Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis. Among 278 diploid androgenetic conceptuses, 226 were homozygous in all loci and 52 (18.7%) were heterozygous in several loci. Among 142 triploid diandric conceptuses, 141 were heterozygous for paternally inherited alleles in several loci. Here we show that the frequencies of aneuploidy in diploid androgenetic heterozygous and triploid diandric heterozygous conceptuses were significantly higher than the frequency of aneuploidy in diploid androgenetic homozygous conceptuses. In diploid androgenetic and triploid diandric conceptuses that are heterozygous for paternally inherited alleles, the two paternally inherited sets of genomes originate in two spermatozoa. Each spermatozoon provides one pair of centrioles to the zygote. The presence of two pairs of centrioles may cause an increased risk of aneuploidy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Walbum
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - L Andreasen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Geilswijk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - I Niemann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - L Sunde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Y, Huang B, Zhou L, Cai L, Qian J. Challenges in diagnosing hydatidiform moles: a review of promising molecular biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:783-796. [PMID: 36017690 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2118050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydatidiform moles (HMs) are pathologic conceptions with unique genetic bases and abnormal placental villous tissue. Overlapping ultrasonographical and histological manifestations of molar and non-molar (NM) gestations and HMs subtypes makes accurate diagnosis challenging. Currently, immunohistochemical analysis of p57 and molecular genotyping have greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy. AREAS COVERED The differential expression of molecular biomarkers may be valuable for distinguishing among the subtypes of HMs and their mimics. Thus, biomarkers may be the key to refining HMs diagnosis. In this review, we summarize the current challenges in diagnosing HMs, and provide a critical overview of the recent literature about potential diagnostic biomarkers and their subclassifications. An online search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was conducted from the inception to 1 April 2022. EXPERT OPINION the emerging biomarkers offer new possibilities to refine the diagnosis for HMs and pregnancy loss. Although the additional studies are required to be quantified and investigated in clinical trials to verify their diagnostic utility. It is important to explore, validate, and facilitate the wide adoption of newly developed biomarkers in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Luya Cai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qian
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The genomic basis of sporadic and recurrent pregnancy loss: a comprehensive in-depth analysis of 24,900 miscarriages. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 45:125-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
4
|
Li MW, Li F, Cheng J, Wang F, Zhou P. Recurrent Androgenetic Complete Hydatidiform Moles with p57 KIP2-Positive in a Chinese Family. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1749-1755. [PMID: 34606065 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) are associated with an increased risk of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. P57KIP2 expression in hydatidiform moles is thought to be a powerful marker for differentiating CHMs from partial hydatidiform moles (PHMs). However, since there are so few such families clinically, very few studies have addressed the importance of p57KIP2-positive in the diagnosis and prognosis of CHM. This study aimed to emphasize the significance of the accurate diagnosis of rare CHM and careful follow-up. The classification of the hydatidiform mole was based on morphologic examination and p57KIP2 expression was determined by p57KIP2 immunohistochemical staining. Copy number variation sequencing was used to determine the genetic make-up of the mole tissues. In addition, the short tandem repeat polymorphism analysis was used to establish the parental origin of the moles. Finally, whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify the causal genetic variants associated with this case. In one Chinese family, the proband had numerous miscarriages throughout her two marriages. Morphologic evaluation and molecular genotyping accurately sub-classified two molar specimens as uniparental disomy CHM of androgenetic origin. Furthermore, p57KIP2 expression was found in cytotrophoblasts and villous stromal cells. In the tissue, there were hyperplasia trophoblastic cells and heteromorphic nuclei. In this family, no deleterious variant genes associated with recurrent CHM were detected. It is important to evaluate the prognostic value of p57KIP2 expression in androgenetic recurrent CHM. This knowledge may help to minimize erroneous diagnosis of CHMs as PHMs, as well as making us aware of the need to manage potential gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, 232001, China.,Frontier Research Center, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, 232001, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, 232001, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, 232001, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Frontier Research Center, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, 232001, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui, 232001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carson JC, Hoffner L, Conlin L, Parks WT, Fisher RA, Spinner N, Yatsenko SA, Bonadio J, Surti U. Diploid/triploid mixoploidy: A consequence of asymmetric zygotic segregation of parental genomes. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2720-2732. [PMID: 30302900 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Triploidy is the presence of an extra haploid set of chromosomes and can exist in complete or mosaic form. The extra haploid set of chromosomes in triploid cells can be of maternal or paternal origin. Diploid/triploid mixoploidy is a unique form of triploid mosaicism that requires the aberrant segregation of entire parental genomes into distinct blastomere lineages (heterogoneic cell division) at the earliest zygotic divisions. Here we report on eight cases of diploid/triploid mixoploidy from our institution and conduct a comprehensive review of the literature. The parental origin of the extra set of chromosomes was determined in two cases; and, based on phenotypic evidence we propose the parental origin in the other cases. One case with complex mixoploidy appears to have a digynic origin in addition to the involvement of two different sperm. Of our eight cases, only one resulted in the birth of a live healthy child. The other pregnancies ended in miscarriage, elective termination of pregnancy, intrauterine fetal demise or neonatal death. A review of the literature and the results of our cases show that a preponderance of recognized cases of diploid/triploid mixoploidy has a digynic origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Carson
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lori Hoffner
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Conlin
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - W Tony Parks
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rosemary A Fisher
- Trophoblastic Tumour Screening and Treatment Centre, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Spinner
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey Bonadio
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The genetics of recurrent hydatidiform moles: new insights and lessons from a comprehensive analysis of 113 patients. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1116-1130. [PMID: 29463882 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hydatidiform mole is an aberrant human pregnancy characterized by early embryonic arrest and excessive trophoblastic proliferation. Recurrent hydatidiform moles are defined by the occurrence of at least two hydatidiform moles in the same patient. Fifty to eighty percent of patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles have biallelic pathogenic variants in NLRP7 or KHDC3L. However, in the remaining patients, the genotypic types of the moles are unknown. We characterized 80 new hydatidiform mole tissues, 57 of which were from patients with no mutations in the known genes, and we reviewed the genotypes of a total of 123 molar tissues. We also reviewed mutation analysis in 113 patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles. While all hydatidiform moles from patients with biallelic NLRP7 or KHDC3L mutations are diploid biparental, we demonstrate that those from patients without mutations are highly heterogeneous and only a small minority of them are diploid biparental (8%). The other mechanisms that were found to recur in patients without mutations are diploid androgenetic monospermic (24%) and triploid dispermic (32%); the remaining hydatidiform moles were misdiagnosed as moles due to errors in the analyses and/or their unusual mechanisms. We compared three parameters of genetic susceptibility in patients with and without mutations and show that patients without mutations are mostly from non-familial cases, have fewer reproductive losses, and more live births. Our data demonstrate that patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles and no mutations in the known genes are, in general, different from those with mutations; they have a milder genetic susceptibility and/or a multifactorial etiology underlying their recurrent hydatidiform moles. Categorizing these patients according to the genotypic types of their recurrent hydatidiform moles may facilitate the identification of novel genes for this entity.
Collapse
|