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Ross EJ, Jimenez DE, Ghanooni D, Mendez A, Hirshfield S, Horvath KJ, DeVries B, Dilworth SE, Carrico AW, Martinez CA. Loneliness, Methamphetamine Use, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Sexual Minority Men in the COVID-19 Era. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-024-10288-0. [PMID: 38684565 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-024-10288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Important gaps exist in our understanding of loneliness and biobehavioral outcomes among sexual minority men (SMM), such as faster HIV disease progression. At the same time, SMM who use methamphetamine are approximately one-third more likely than non-users to develop cardiovascular disease. This study examined associations of loneliness, stimulant use, and cardiovascular risk in SMM with and without HIV. METHOD Participants were enrolled from August 2020 to February 2022 in a 6-month prospective cohort study. The study leveraged self-report baseline data from 103 SMM, with a subset of 56 SMM that provided a blood sample to measure markers of cardiovascular risk. RESULTS Loneliness showed negative bivariate associations with total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the cardiometabolic subsample (n = 56). SMM with methamphetamine use (t(101) = 2.03, p < .05; d = .42) and those that screened positive for a stimulant use disorder (t(101) = 2.07, p < .05; d = .46) had significantly higher mean loneliness scores. In linear regression analyses, negative associations of loneliness with LDL and total cholesterol were observed only among SMM who used methamphetamine. CONCLUSION We observed lower cholesterol in SMM reporting loneliness and methamphetamine use. Thus, in addition to the observed associations of loneliness with cholesterol, there are important medical consequences of methamphetamine use including cardiovascular risk, higher HIV acquisition risk and progression, as well as stimulant overdose death. This cross-sectional study underscores the need for clinical research to develop and test interventions targeting loneliness among SMM with stimulant use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Ross
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel E Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1436, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Delaram Ghanooni
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Armando Mendez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10 Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- Department of Medicine, STAR Program, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Keith J Horvath
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, Alvarado Court, San Diego, 6363, CA, USA
| | - Britt DeVries
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Samantha E Dilworth
- Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, 550 16 Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Adam W Carrico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Claudia A Martinez
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Cardiology and Interventional Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Budambula V, Ngari M, Budambula NLM, Ahmed AA, Were T. Nutritional status of people who inject drugs in Coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:55. [PMID: 38576036 PMCID: PMC10996164 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite documentation on injection drug use (IDU) in Kenya, the nutritional status of people who inject drugs (PWIDs) is under-explored. Elsewhere studies report under-nutrition among PWIDs which is attributed to food insecurity; competing priorities between drugs and food supply; chaotic lifestyle; reduced food intake; substance use induced malnutrition due to inflammation and comorbidities. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that sought to assess the nutritional status of PWIDs in Coastal Kenya. We recruited 752 participants of whom 371(49%) were on IDUs and 75 non-IDUs and 306 non-drug users using respondent driven sampling, traditional snowball, makeshift outreach and purposive sampling methods. RESULTS More than one half of the participants (56%) had BMI classified as normal while 35% had BMI < 18.5. The proportion with BMI < 18.5 was higher among IDUs (46%) compared to the non-IDUs (33%) and non-drug users (23%) at P < 0.001. Using the mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), 17% were classified as underweight and the proportion was lowest (11%) among non- drugs users compared to 22% among IDUs (P < 0.001). However, the IDUs had lower proportion of overweight (8.1%) compared to 55% among the non- drug users. The proportion with low waist-for-hip ratio was highest among the IDUs (74%) while high waist-for-hip ratio was lowest in the same group of IDUs (11%) at P < 0.001. One half (50%), of the participants had no signs of anaemia, (47%) had mild/moderate anaemia while 21 (2.8%) had severe anaemia. However, IDUs were more likely to be overweight based on waist circumference as a parameter. The IDUs had the highest proportion (54%) of mild to moderate anaemia compared to non-IDUs (37%) and 40% non- drug users (P < 0.001). In the multivariable models, IDUs (aRRR 2.83 (95%CI 1.84‒4.35)) and non-IDUs (aRRR 1.42 (95%CI 1.07‒1.88)) compared to non- drug users were positively associated with BMI < 18.5. Being an IDU was positively associated with mild or moderate anaemia (aRRR 1.65 (95%CI 1.13‒2.41)) while non-IDUs were positively associated with severe anaemia (aRRR 1.69 (95%CI 1.16‒2.48)). CONCLUSION A significant proportion of the participants were under-nourished with those injecting drugs bearing the heaviest brunt. Being an IDU was positively associated with the low BMI, MUAC, waist for hip ratio and mild or moderate anaemia but high waist circumference. People who inject drugs have high risk for under-nutrition and should be targeted with appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Budambula
- Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, P. O. Box 90420-80100, Kenya.
| | - Moses Ngari
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Tom Were
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
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Liu H, Jiao R, Wang L, Feng F, Zhao X, Yang J. Machine-learning-based analysis of the sensitivity and specificity on lipid-lowering effect of one-month-administered statins. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33139. [PMID: 36862920 PMCID: PMC9981436 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Few predictive studies have been reported on the efficacy of atorvastatin in reducing lipoprotein cholesterol to be qualified after 1-month course of treatment in different individuals. A total of 14,180 community-based residents aged ≥ 65 received health checkup, 1013 of whom had low-density lipoprotein (LDL) higher than 2.6mmol/L so that they were put on 1-month course of treatment with atorvastatin. At its completion, lipoprotein cholesterol was measured again. With < 2.6 mmol/L considered as the treatment standard, 411 individuals were judged as the qualified group, and 602, and as the unqualified group. The basic sociodemographic features covered 57 items. The data were randomly divided into train sets and test ones. The recursive random-forest algorithm was applied to predicting the patients response to atorvastatin, the recursive feature elimination method, to screening all the physical indicators. The overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated, respectively, and so were the receiver operator characteristic curve and the area under the curve of the test set. In the prediction model on the efficacy of 1-month treatment of statins for LDL, the sensitivity, 86.86%; and the specificity, 94.83%. In the prediction model on the efficacy of the same treatment for triglyceride, the sensitivity, 71.21%; and the specificity, 73.46%. As to the prediction of total cholesterol, the sensitivity, 94.38%; and the specificity, 96.55%. And in the case of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the sensitivity, 84.86%; and the specificity, 100%. recursive feature elimination analysis showed that total cholesterol was the most important feature of atorvastatin efficacy of reducing LDL; that HDL was the most important one of its efficacies of reducing triglycerides; that LDL was the most important one of its efficacies of reducing total cholesterol; and that triglyceride was the most important one of its efficacies of reducing HDL. Random-forest can help predict whether atorvastatin efficacy of reducing lipoprotein cholesterol to be qualified after 1-month course of treatment in different individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghong Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Feng
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- * Correspondence: Juan Yang, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai 201299, China (e-mail: )
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Brgdar A, Gharbin J, Elawad A, Yi J, Sanchez J, Bishaw A, Taha ME, Ameyaw EE, Allen N, Prafulla M. Effects of Substance Use Disorder on In-Hospital Outcomes of Young Patients Presenting With a Cardiovascular Event: A Nationwide Analysis. Cureus 2022; 14:e22737. [PMID: 35386479 PMCID: PMC8969757 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use is widely prevalent among young adults and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality such as sudden cardiac arrest, acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy. However, they are limited studies analyzing the impact of substance use disorder on in-hospital outcomes among young patients with cardiovascular events. Methods All patients aged 18-39 years admitted primarily for major cardiovascular events including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, acute ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolic events in 2019 were identified in the National Inpatient Sample database. They were then categorized into those with and without concomitant substance use disorder (SUD). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Unadjusted and adjusted analysis was performed on appropriate variables of interest. Results Of 57,985 hospitalizations with cardiac events, 12,115 (20%) of young adults had concomitant SUD. SUD was significantly associated with cardiac arrest (OR 3.3; CI 2.4-4.4), atrial fibrillation (OR 1.5; CI 1.3-1.7), AMI (OR 1.3; CI 1.2-1.6), heart failure (OR 2.6; CI 2.4-3.0) (all p<0.05) despite a lower prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors than non-users. Logistic regression showed acute kidney injury (aOR 1.5; CI 1.3-1.8; p<0.001) and inpatient mortality (aOR 1.6; CI 1.2-2.2; p<0.001) were also significantly higher in young patients presenting with cardiac events and concomitant SUD. There was no difference in the length of stay or incidence of gastrointestinal bleed between the two groups. Conclusion In young patients presenting with a cardiovascular event, concurrent substance use disorder was associated with increased in-hospital mortality despite significantly lower comorbidities.
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Al-Duais MA, Al-Awthan YS. Khat Chewing and Lipid Profile in Human and Experimental Animals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6001885. [PMID: 34977243 PMCID: PMC8719995 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6001885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catha edulis, also known as khat or qat, is a plant that grows in East Africa and southern Arabia. Several millions of people chew the leaves and twigs of khat plant for their central stimulating amphetamine-like effects. Khat chewing is becoming more common in Europe and the United States, owing to worldwide migration. OBJECTIVE This review examines the khat ingredients, global prevalence, and legal status as well as its effects on lipid profile. Methodology. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to collect information within articles published up to April 2021 with the goal of identifying relevant studies. The proposed mechanisms of cathinone effects on total cholesterol and triglyceride were also discussed. CONCLUSION The khat chewing habit is considered as a serious economic and health issue that needs specialized programs to assist those people to quit or reducing this habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Al-Duais
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Unit, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Yahya S. Al-Awthan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
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Rodriguez EA, Yamamoto BK. Toxic Effects of Methamphetamine on Perivascular Health: Co-morbid Effects of Stress and Alcohol Use Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:2092-2107. [PMID: 34344290 PMCID: PMC9185763 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210803150023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse presents a global problem and commonly occurs with stress and/or alcohol use disorders. Regardless, the biological causes and consequences of these comorbidities are unclear. Whereas the mechanisms of Meth, stress, and alcohol abuse have been examined individually and well-characterized, these processes overlap significantly and can impact the neural and peripheral consequences of Meth. This review focuses on the deleterious cardio- and cerebrovascular effects of Meth, stress, alcohol abuse, and their comorbid effects on the brain and periphery. Points of emphasis are on the composition of the blood-brain barrier and their effects on the heart and vasculature. The autonomic nervous system, inflammation, and oxidative stress are specifically highlighted as common mediators of the toxic consequences to vascular and perivascular health. A significant portion of the Meth abusing population also presents with stress and alcohol use disorders, prompting a need to understand the mechanisms underlying their comorbidities. Little is known about their possible convergent effects. Therefore, the purpose of this critical review is to identify shared mechanisms of Meth, chronic stress, and alcohol abuse that contributes to the dysfunction of vascular health and underscores the need for studies that directly address their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bryan K. Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Investigation of the discrimination and characterization of blood serum structure in patients with opioid use disorder using IR spectroscopy and PCA-LDA analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mahboub N, Rizk R, Karavetian M, de Vries N. Nutritional status and eating habits of people who use drugs and/or are undergoing treatment for recovery: a narrative review. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:627-635. [PMID: 32974658 PMCID: PMC8114851 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive overview is presented of the nutritional issues faced by people who use drugs or are undergoing treatment for recovery. Chronic substance use affects a person’s nutritional status and body composition through decreased intake, nutrient absorption, and dysregulation of hormones that alter the mechanisms of satiety and food intake. Anthropometrics alone is not the best indicator of nutritional status, because this population has hidden deficiencies and disturbed metabolic parameters. Socioeconomic factors (eg, higher education, higher income, presence of a partner, living at home) positively affect nutritional status. Scarce available data on users undergoing treatment indicate improvement in anthropometric and metabolic parameters but with micronutrient intake remaining suboptimal. Weight gain is noted especially among women who use drugs and potentially increases their risk of relapse. Finally, specific amino acids and omega-3 fatty acids are promising in decreasing relapse and improving mental health during treatment; however, additional high-quality studies are needed. Nutrition intervention for people who use drugs or are undergoing treatment for recovery is underused; comprehensive programs addressing this population’s unique needs are necessary. Future research will identify which components are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Mahboub
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon, and Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rana Rizk
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie, The Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, and Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirey Karavetian
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nanne de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Comparative Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Psychostimulants 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Methamphetamine (MDMA), Amphetamine, and the Novel Psychoactive Substance Mephedrone after Controlled Drug Administration to Humans. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080306. [PMID: 32726975 PMCID: PMC7465486 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychoactive stimulants are a popular drug class which are used recreationally. Over the last decade, large numbers of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have entered the drug market and these pose a worldwide problem to human health. Metabolomics approaches are useful tools for simultaneous detection of endogenous metabolites affected by drug use. They allow identification of pathways or characteristic metabolites, which might support the understanding of pharmacological actions or act as indirect biomarkers of consumption behavior or analytical detectability. Herein, we performed a comparative metabolic profiling of three psychoactive stimulant drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), amphetamine and the NPS mephedrone by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) in order to identify common pathways or compounds. Plasma samples were obtained from controlled administration studies to humans. Various metabolites were identified as increased or decreased based on drug intake, mainly belonging to energy metabolism, steroid biosynthesis and amino acids. Linoleic acid and pregnenolone-sulfate changed similarly in response to intake of all drugs. Overall, mephedrone produced a profile more similar to that of amphetamine than MDMA in terms of affected energy metabolism. These data can provide the basis for further in-depth targeted metabolome studies on pharmacological actions and search for biomarkers of drug use.
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Kalemci S, Sarıhan A, Zeybek A, Taşdemir N. Prognostic role of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1459-1460. [PMID: 33224348 PMCID: PMC7667430 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.91209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Kalemci
- Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Park Gebze Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Arife Zeybek
- Department of Chest Surgery, School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Nihat Taşdemir
- Department of Radiology, Medical Park Gebze Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Zhang Y, Shu G, Bai Y, Chao J, Chen X, Yao H. Effect of methamphetamine on the fasting blood glucose in methamphetamine abusers. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1585-1597. [PMID: 29946958 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a popular psychostimulant worldwide which causes neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Although previous studies have characterized potential associations between addictive drugs and fasting blood glucose, the influence of methamphetamine on the blood glucose is still largely unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the change of fasting blood glucose of methamphetamine abusers and to confirm the impairment of liver and kidney. Fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased in methamphetamine abusers and in a high-fat diet mouse model with methamphetamine treatment discontinuation. Serum level of ALT, creatine kinase and creatinine were increased in methamphetamine abusers. Serum level of ALT and AST were increased in a high-fat diet mouse model after methamphetamine injection, but there was no significant difference in the anatomy of the liver and kidney in high-fat diet treated mice with or without methamphetamine. The levels of ALT and creatinine were also increased in the methamphetamine abusers. This study demonstrated that the level of glucose was decreased in methamphetamine abusers and in high-fat diet-fed mice after methamphetamine treatment discontinuation. The effect of methamphetamine on the levels of blood glucose may provide the evidence that methamphetamine abusers should be keep energy balance due to the low blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofang Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhu M, Xu Y, Wang H, Shen Z, Xie Z, Chen F, Gao Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Li X, Yu J, Luo H, Wang K. Heroin Abuse Results in Shifted RNA Expression to Neurodegenerative Diseases and Attenuation of TNFα Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9231. [PMID: 29915338 PMCID: PMC6006288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated administration of heroin results in the induction of physical dependence, which is characterized as a behavioral state of compulsive drug seeking and a high rate of relapse even after periods of abstinence. However, few studies have been dedicated to characterization of the long-term alterations in heroin-dependent patients (HDPs). Herein, we examined the peripheral blood from 810 HDPs versus 500 healthy controls (HCs) according to the inclusion criteria. Compared with the control group, significant decreases of albumin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were identified in HDPs (P < 0.001) versus HCs coupled with an insignificant decrease in BMI. Meanwhile, RNA-sequencing analyses were performed on blood of 16 long-term HDPs and 25 HCs. The results showed that the TNFα signaling pathway and hematopoiesis related genes were inhibited in HDPs. We further compared the transcriptome data to those of SCA2 and posttraumatic stress disorder patients, identified neurodegenerative diseases related genes were commonly up-regulated in coupled with biological processes "vesicle transport", "mitochondria" and "splicing". Genes in the categories of "protein ubiquitination" were down-regulated indicating potential biochemical alterations shared by all three comparative to their controls. In summary, this is a leading study performing a series of through investigations and using delicate approaches. Results from this study would benefit the study of drug addiction overall and link long-term heroin abuse to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zongwen Shen
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhenrong Xie
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengrong Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunhong Gao
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Huayou Luo
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Kunhua Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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