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Zhang L, Cui X, Wang B, Du X, Hou G, Yu X. Ectopic thyroid in the hepatoduodenal ligament: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1378885. [PMID: 38711853 PMCID: PMC11071174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1378885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectopic thyroid arises from abnormal development of thyroid primordial tissues as it migrates to the lower interstitium during the embryonic period, which can occur at various locations during the descent process. However, ectopic thyroid in the subdiaphragmatic area is extremely rare. In this case, we report a case of ectopic thyroid located in the hepatoduodenal ligament. The 60-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital with gallbladder stones and cholecystitis. Preoperative imaging showed a mass in the hepatoduodenal ligament. As the patient declined a needle biopsy of the mass, the nature of the mass remained unclear prior to surgery. The patient subsequently underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and exploratory resection of the mass. The histopathology of the resected mass showed the characteristics of ectopic thyroid, and immunohistochemical staining revealed positive expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 and thyroglobulin. The diagnosis of ectopic thyroid was established. Upon confirming the diagnosis, comprehensive neck examination revealed the presence of a normally functioning thyroid gland. Throughout the four-year follow-up period, the patient's thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function tests indicated no abnormalities. Ectopic thyroid in the hepatoduodenal ligament and surrounding areas is an extremely rare clinical abnormality, achieving a clear diagnosis before initiating treatment offers diagnostic and treatment insights and clues for clinicians when differentiating masses within this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qingdao University Affiliated Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Xijun Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Weihai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Baolei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of LongKou City, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiulan Du
- Meical Section, Qingdao University Affiliated Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqi Hou
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao University Affiliated Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao University Affiliated Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
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2
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Zheng HL, Lin X, Zhang MJ, Zhang GH. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220742. [PMID: 37941786 PMCID: PMC10628574 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic thyroid is a rare malformation induced by a migration defect in the developing gland during embryogenesis. In 90% of cases, the ectopic thyroid is located in the lingual region, whereas it is extremely rare in the abdominal cavity, particularly in the pancreas. A 50-year-old female patient presented to the Taizhou First People's Hospital with a complaint of recurrent mid-lower abdominal pain and diarrhea for approximately a month. The abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a space-occupying lesion with abundant blood supply in the head of the pancreas during the consultation. This led to the suspicion of a neuroendocrine tumor. The doctor considered that this lesion in the head of the pancreas could be responsible for the patient's incontinence. A laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed after relevant tests were undertaken and contraindications were ruled out. The patient was diagnosed with ectopic thyroid of the pancreas through postoperative pathology. Ectopic thyroid can be considered in middle-aged and elderly women who present with a mass with abundant blood supply and an unknown diagnosis. Subsequent treatments should be decided after fine-needle aspiration cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-lan Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, 218 Hengjie Road, Huangyan District, Taizhou City, HuangYan, 318020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, HuangYan, 318020, China
| | - Ming-jian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, 218 Hengjie Road, Huangyan District, Taizhou City, HuangYan, 318020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guo-hua Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, 218 Hengjie Road, Huangyan District, Taizhou City, HuangYan, 318020, Zhejiang Province, China
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3
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Moon H, Ku EJ, Kim C. Ectopic Thyroid Tissue in the Uterus Identified by Iodine-131 SPECT/CT. Nuklearmedizin 2023; 62:294-295. [PMID: 37802060 DOI: 10.1055/a-2127-8006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Moon
- Nuclear Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Eu Jeong Ku
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chulhan Kim
- Nuclear Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (the Republic of)
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4
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Ectopic thyroid of the pancreatic head: A case report. Asian J Surg 2023:S1015-9584(23)00207-5. [PMID: 36898912 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
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5
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Tongue Base Ectopic Thyroid Tissue-Is It a Rare Encounter? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020313. [PMID: 36837515 PMCID: PMC9959201 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Failure in the embryological development of the thyroid in adults is rarely seen. We present the case of a 79-year-old female patient who complained of dysphagia and progressive upper respiratory obstruction, which started 12 months prior to her admission. An ENT clinical exam revealed a tongue base, spherical, well-defined tumour covered by normal mucosa. Further assessments established the diagnosis of the tongue base ectopic thyroid tissue. Due to the patient's symptoms, a transhyoid tongue base tumour removal was performed. The selected patient gave consent for participation and inclusion in this paper, in compliance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration.
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6
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Murokawa T, Okabayashi T, Oishi K, Sui K, Tabuchi M, Iwata J. Exophytic pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst incidentally detected in a differentiated thyroid cancer patient on whole-body I-131 scan: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2022; 8:34. [PMID: 35211824 PMCID: PMC8873321 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-022-01389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radioiodine (I-131) whole-body scintigraphy (WBS) is a useful modality for identifying functionally preserved thyroid tissue and metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC); however, the specificity of I-131 uptake is limited, and its accumulation in the pancreas has not been well described. Case presentation A 70-year-old male patient with DTC who had previously undergone total thyroidectomy (pT3N1bM0 Stage IV) received radioiodine treatment at our facility. After treatment, an I-131 WBS revealed abnormal I-131 uptake in the head of the pancreas. Computed tomography identified a round hypodense mass (10 × 20 mm) adjacent to the pancreas head that was impervious to fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) during subsequent 18F-FDG-positron emission tomography. A diagnosis of pancreatic metastasis from the DTC could not be excluded; therefore, local resection was performed for diagnostic certainty and treatment. Histopathology confirmed the mass to be an exophytic lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) of the pancreas. The patient also had a transient pancreatic leak which spontaneously resolved after surgery, and he was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 8. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an exophytic pancreatic LEC producing a false-positive result during I-131 WBS. Knowledge of all potential I-131 false-positive findings may help improve the management of patients with DTC and circumvent misdiagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Murokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1 Ike, Kochi-City, Kochi, 781-8555, Japan
| | - Takehiro Okabayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1 Ike, Kochi-City, Kochi, 781-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Oishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1 Ike, Kochi-City, Kochi, 781-8555, Japan
| | - Kenta Sui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1 Ike, Kochi-City, Kochi, 781-8555, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Tabuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1 Ike, Kochi-City, Kochi, 781-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi Health Sciences Center, 2125-1 Ike, Kochi-City, Kochi, 781-8555, Japan
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7
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O'Donohue P, Lisewski D. Intra-abdominal ectopic metastatic poorly differentiated follicular thyroid cancer. ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:3053-3054. [PMID: 35103376 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter O'Donohue
- Endocrine Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Saint John of God Hospital Murdoch, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dean Lisewski
- Endocrine Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Saint John of God Hospital Murdoch, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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8
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Di Stefano C, Guarnotta V, Barbaccia M, Paratore R, La Monica R, Lo Casto A, Midiri M, Gruttadauria S, Giordano C, Richiusa P. Hepatic incidentaloma: An asymptomatic ectopic thyroid tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1066188. [PMID: 36578960 PMCID: PMC9791092 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1066188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An ectopic thyroid is a form of thyroid dysgenesis in which the entire thyroid gland or parts of it may be located in another part of the body than the usual place. The most frequent location is the base of the tongue. Although most cases are asymptomatic, symptoms related to tumor size and its relationship with surrounding tissues, hormonal dysfunction, and seldom malignancy may also occur. Here, we describe the case of an asymptomatic woman who was thyroidectomized 19 years previously for a toxic goiter and treated with conventional L-thyroxine therapy, until we enacted a progressive reduction of dosage of the replacement therapy. Incidentally, because of occasional abdomen discomfort, she was hospitalized in our Division of Endocrinology as there was ultrasound evidence of a large mass in the liver dislocating and imprinting the choledochal duct in the pre-pancreatic site, the gallbladder, and the cystic duct, which could not be dissociated from the contiguous hepatic parenchyma and was in very close proximity to the second duodenal portion and the head of the pancreas. Imaging techniques, such as TC, MR, TC/PET, and 131I scintigraphy, confirmed the large lesion with a diameter on the axial plane of about 8 × 5.5 cm and a cranio-caudal extension of about 6 cm. The impossibility of surgical debulking and/or radiometabolic 131I therapy, in the absence of compression symptoms, led to the multidisciplinary decision of a clinical and instrumental follow-up of this rare lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Stefano
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarnotta
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Barbaccia
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione)-UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Paratore
- Section of “Medicina Nucleare e Terapia Radiometabolica”, La Maddalena, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta La Monica
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lo Casto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Radiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Midiri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Radiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gruttadauria
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Diseases and Abdominal Transplantation, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), Palermo, Italy
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carla Giordano, ; Pierina Richiusa,
| | - Pierina Richiusa
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carla Giordano, ; Pierina Richiusa,
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9
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Yeni B, Jarnagin WR, Basturk O. Ectopic Thyroid in the Common Bile Duct: First Case Report. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:325-327. [PMID: 32556908 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begum Yeni
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - William R Jarnagin
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olca Basturk
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Ma H, Brooks JA, Iwata AJ, Li P, Zhong Q, Fang J, Randolph GW. Benign Intratracheal Thyroid: A Systematic Review of 43 Cases With Five New Case Reports. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:E2609-E2617. [PMID: 34184770 PMCID: PMC8457119 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS To examine the clinical features of benign intratracheal thyroid (ITT) and their management strategies and outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Case series study. METHODS This systemic review was conducted in two international academic centers. This review includes 43 patients: one new case from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, four new cases from Beijing Tongren Hospital, and 38 previously published cases. We analyzed these 43 cases and summarized the patients' epidemiological data, clinical features, and treatment regimens. RESULTS ITTs were less common in men than in women (male:female ratio of 3:10). ITT was observed in patients as young as neonates and as old as 85 years. Orthotopic thyroid nodules were present in 55.8% of the patients with ITT. Malignancy was incidentally found in 4.6% of all ITTs. Imaging examinations showed that the ITTs were typically attached to the posterolateral/lateral tracheal wall of the first, second, or third tracheal rings. Tissue attachment between the ITT and normal thyroid lobes was seen in 59.5% of the patients. Thirty-seven patients underwent surgery: 30 underwent open surgery, and seven underwent endoscopic debulking resections. One neonate received thyroid suppression therapy. One patient with ITT and papillary thyroid cancer was treated with radiotherapy and ultimately died after recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Surgical resection is an effective treatment for benign ITT. We hypothesized that abnormalities during the embryonic development of Berry's ligament might play a role in ITT pathogenesis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 131:E2609-E2617, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Jennifer A Brooks
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Ayaka J Iwata
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Pingdong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Jugao Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory W Randolph
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Endocrine Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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11
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Chooah O, Ding J, Fei JL, Xu FY, Yue T, Pu CL, Hu HJ. Radiological insights of ectopic thyroid in the porta hepatis: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:3432-3441. [PMID: 34002155 PMCID: PMC8107913 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i14.3432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic thyroid is defined as a rare developmental anomaly where thyroid tissues are atypically found in locations other than its normal anatomical position: Anterolateral to the second, third, and fourth tracheal cartilages. An intemperate descent or a migration failure of the thyroid anlage results in sub-diaphragmatic thyroid ectopia, a sparse clinical entity.
CASE SUMMARY This case portrays a 63-year-old female patient presenting with chronic abdominal discomfort at a local hospital whereby a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a well-defined mass in the hepatic entrance. For further examination, the patient underwent a CT scan with contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CT-angiography (CTA) at our department. The CT scan showed a well-defined and high attenuated mass measuring 43 mm × 38 mm in the hepatic entrance with calcification. The CTA revealed an additional finding: Blood supply to the mass from the right hepatic artery. MRI of the upper abdomen demonstrated a mass with mixed signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images in the hepatic entrance. The patient underwent surgery with resection of the mass which was sent for histopathology. Ectopic thyroid at the level of porta hepatis with nodules was the definitive diagnosis since histopathological report revealed presence of thyroid tissue in the resected liver mass.
CONCLUSION This case delivers a rare insight of pre-operative radiological imaging of an ectopic thyroid located in the liver. These findings can aid in narrowing down potential differential diagnosis when managing a patient with those subsequent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outesh Chooah
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Le Fei
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang-Yi Xu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Yue
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cai-Ling Pu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Jie Hu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
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12
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Zhao Z, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhao H, Yuan X, Zhao Q, Zhang C. Da Vinci robot-assisted resection to treat abdominal ectopic thyroid: a case report and literature review. Gland Surg 2021; 10:378-385. [PMID: 33633995 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although ectopic thyroid can be found in thoracic locations, the discovery of abdominal ectopic thyroid is often an accidental event. Moreover, abdominal ectopic thyroid is easily misdiagnosed due to the rarity of these cases and the difficulties in the preoperative diagnosis process. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence and features of abdominal ectopic thyroid and to highlight the current knowledge about the clinical characteristics and management of this condition by analyzing a case report of abdominal ectopic thyroid and reviewing the literature. A 70-year-old woman with a 3-year history of gradually increasing abdominal distension in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen was admitted to the hospital. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed a retroperitoneal mass. The patient underwent Da Vinci robotic surgery, and the retroperitoneal mass was completely resected. Subsequently, the pathologic diagnosis of the mass was ET. The patient had no discomfort or symptoms when she was discharged from the hospital and at the postoperative 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months follow-up. The summary of literature review suggested that abdominal ectopic thyroid is still rare although there are some reports. Nonetheless, the cause of abdominal ectopic thyroid is unclear, and abdominal ectopic thyroid has the following characteristics: more common in women than in men, asymptomatic in the majority of the cases, difficult to diagnose, and found by excluding metastasis. Most ectopic thyroid is treated with surgery, and minimally invasive techniques have been increasingly performed. This is the first report on Da Vinci robotic resection for large rare retroperitoneal ET, and this case highlights that ET should be considered when patients present with similar imaging findings in the abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiliang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huibin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwen Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Qin LH, He FY, Liao JY. Multiple ectopic goiter in the retroperitoneum, abdominal wall, liver, and diaphragm: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:6172-6180. [PMID: 33344620 PMCID: PMC7723730 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i23.6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectopic thyroid is a rare developmental disorder, typically found in lingual areas, and most distantly in the abdomen. Thyroid ectopia in multiple regions is extremely rare. To date, there are no reports of ectopic goiter in four regions of the abdominal cavity in a single patient. CASE SUMMARY We present a case of thyroid ectopia in four areas of the abdomen, comprising normal orthotopic thyroid tissue. A 36-year-old woman, who underwent ovarian teratoma resection 10 years previously due to symptomatic ovarian teratoma, was referred to our hospital for treatment of an incidental hepatic mass. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed a heterogeneously enhanced lobulated lesion in the sixth and seventh hepatic segment adjacent to the diaphragm. The mass was surgically excised, and histologic examination determined an ectopic nodular goiter. At the one-year follow-up, the abdominal CT scan, whole-body radionuclide I131 examination, and abdominal wall biopsy showed similar lesions in the left renal fascia and anterior abdominal wall. CONCLUSION Multiple para-ectopic thyroid is often misdiagnosed, owing to its extremely rare incidence and non-specific clinical manifestations and imaging features. A combination of multiple examinations is necessary for diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hui Qin
- Department of Radiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Feng-Yi He
- Department of Radiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Liao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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14
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Qin LH, He FY, Liao JY. Multiple ectopic goiter in the retroperitoneum, abdominal wall, liver, and diaphragm: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2020. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i23.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Abstract
RATIONALE Ectopic thyroid is most common in the tongue. Here we reported a rare case of thyroid tissue located in the gallbladder wall, accompanied with adenoma and a cyst lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in the neck region of gallbladder neck. PATIENT CONCERNS A 39-year-old female presented with recurrent upper abdominal pain and radiating back pain. DIAGNOSES Based on ultrasonography, gallbladder polyps and calculous cholecystitis were suspected. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and thyroid tissue located in the gallbladder wall was found. Histopathological examination showed no features of papillary thyroid neoplasm. OUTCOMES The patient had no thyroid nodules or suspicious enlarged lymph nodes, and no other symptoms or complications by follow-up for 2.5 years up to September 2019. LESSONS We should pay attention to the rare location of ectopic thyroid tissue in the gallbladder and rule out primary thyroid malignancy to avoid unnecessary overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng Clinical Institute of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Pathology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng Clinical Institute of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng Clinical Institute of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Pathology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng Clinical Institute of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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16
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Campora M, Trambaiolo Antonelli C, Valle L, Fiocca R, Mastracci L, Grillo F. Abdominal Ectopic Thyroid Tissue: The Man From Istanbul. Int J Surg Pathol 2019; 27:553-555. [PMID: 30871393 DOI: 10.1177/1066896919833784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid ectopia is a rare finding below the diaphragm. It is characterized by normal thyroid parenchyma in unusual locations with preserved thyroid marker immunoreactivity. In this article, we present the first known case of thyroid tissue in the periappendiceal fat and discuss possible ethiopathogenic theories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Fiocca
- 1 University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,2 Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- 1 University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,2 Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- 1 University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,2 Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
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17
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Ligresti D, Martino A, Barbaccia M, Calamia S, Tarantino I, Barresi L, Granata A, Gruttadauria S, Liotta R, Traina M. Thyroid ectopia of the liver: An unusual diagnosis with contrast-enhanced EUS (with video). Endosc Ultrasound 2019; 8:430-431. [PMID: 31854346 PMCID: PMC6927141 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_71_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Ligresti
- Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS - ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Martino
- Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS - ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Barbaccia
- Pathology Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS - ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Calamia
- Abdominal Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Diseases and Abdominal Transplantation, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS - ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tarantino
- Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS - ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Barresi
- Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS - ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Granata
- Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS - ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gruttadauria
- Abdominal Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit, Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Diseases and Abdominal Transplantation, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS - ISMETT), Palermo; Department of Surgery and Medical and Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Liotta
- Pathology Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS - ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Traina
- Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS - ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
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18
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Gu T, Lu YL, Han B, Jiang BR, Wang LZ, Yang LZ, Han YS. Ectopic thyroids have lower computed tomography attenuation values than orthotopic thyroids. Endocrine 2018; 62:546-551. [PMID: 30203122 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether ectopic thyroid had the same computed tomography (CT) value as orthotopic thyroid. METHODS Twenty-one patients with 23 ectopic thyroids and 23 controls with orthotopic thyroids underwent CT scans and were included in this retrospective study. The CT images were reviewed in a blinded fashion by two radiologists. Independent-Samples T-test was used for comparison of CT attenuation values between two groups. RESULTS Ectopic thyroids had significantly lower non-enhanced attenuation (91.04 ± 5.97 Hounsfield Units vs. 106.56 ± 4.06 Hounsfield Units, P = 0.038) and contrast-enhanced attenuation (141.32 ± 6.42 Hounsfield Units vs. 169.82 ± 4.30 Hounsfield Units, P = 0.001) values than orthotopic thyroids. CONCLUSIONS Ectopic thyroids have lower CT attenuation values than orthotopic thyroids probably due to the structural or functional abnormalities. The dysgenesis and pathological changes of the ectopic thyroids may contribute to functional deficiency which finally leads to decrease of the CT attenuation values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Li Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Ren Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Zhen Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Zhen Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong-Shun Han
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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