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Antolínez-Fernández Á, Esteban-Ramos P, Fernández-Moreno MÁ, Clemente P. Molecular pathways in mitochondrial disorders due to a defective mitochondrial protein synthesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1410245. [PMID: 38855161 PMCID: PMC11157125 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1410245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in cellular metabolism producing the necessary ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. As a remnant of their prokaryotic past, mitochondria contain their own genome, which encodes 13 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system, as well as the tRNAs and rRNAs necessary for their translation in the organelle. Mitochondrial protein synthesis depends on the import of a vast array of nuclear-encoded proteins including the mitochondrial ribosome protein components, translation factors, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases or assembly factors among others. Cryo-EM studies have improved our understanding of the composition of the mitochondrial ribosome and the factors required for mitochondrial protein synthesis and the advances in next-generation sequencing techniques have allowed for the identification of a growing number of genes involved in mitochondrial pathologies with a defective translation. These disorders are often multisystemic, affecting those tissues with a higher energy demand, and often present with neurodegenerative phenotypes. In this article, we review the known proteins required for mitochondrial translation, the disorders that derive from a defective mitochondrial protein synthesis and the animal models that have been established for their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Antolínez-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Esteban-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Clemente
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Wu YT, Huang SC, Shiao YM, Syu WC, Wei YH, Hsu YC. Identification of new variants in MTRNR1 and MTRNR2 genes using whole mitochondrial genome sequencing in a Taiwanese family with MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers) syndrome. Hear Res 2023; 438:108876. [PMID: 37683310 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy is a multi-system disorder mostly caused by inborn errors of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and usually manifested as complex neurological disorder and muscle weakness. Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) syndrome is one of the major subtypes of mitochondrial disease associated with the m.8344A>G mutation in mitochondrial tRNALys gene. In addition to the symptoms in central nervous and muscle systems, a portion of the patients may develop hearing loss, which has been linked to the genetic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) especially in the mitochondrial ribosome RNA (rRNA) gene. Despite a great number of studies focusing on the consequences of mtDNA mutations, the mechanism of pathogenesis of these overt diseases has remained unclear, and there is no specific and effective treatment for MERRF syndromes. In this study, we developed a high-quality mtDNA sequencing method by next generation sequencing technology to search for the additional pathogenic variations of mtDNA from skin fibroblasts of four members in a Taiwanese family with MERRF syndrome. Through uncovering the signatures of all mtDNA variants in the MERRF family, we identified novel mtDNA variants in the genes encoding mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNAs. The finding from this study will give us further insight into the molecular mechanisms driving the phenotypic variability and timing of onset of the MERRF syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Wu
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 50046, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Wei-Chi Syu
- Union Clinical Laboratory, Taipei 10665, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 50046, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Hsu
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
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3
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Maurya SK, Gupta S, Bakshi A, Kaur H, Jain A, Senapati S, Baghel MS. Targeting mitochondria in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive review. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1845-1861. [PMID: 35856508 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the essential cellular organelles. Apart from being considered as the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria have been widely known to regulate redox reaction, inflammation, cell survival, cell death, metabolism, etc., and are implicated in the progression of numerous disease conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Since brain is an energy-demanding organ, mitochondria and their functions are important for maintaining normal brain homeostasis. Alterations in mitochondrial gene expression, mutations, and epigenetic modification contribute to inflammation and neurodegeneration. Dysregulation of reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria and aggregation of proteins in neurons leads to alteration in mitochondria functions which further causes neuronal death and progression of neurodegeneration. Pharmacological studies have prioritized mitochondria as a possible drug target in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the present review article has been intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases mainly Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis followed by possible intervention and future treatment strategies to combat mitochondrial-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suchi Gupta
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arushi Jain
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Finsterer J. Atheromatosis of the Scalp: A Novel Feature of Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia Plus Due to a Single Mitochondrial DNA Deletion. Cureus 2021; 13:e20641. [PMID: 35103203 PMCID: PMC8783651 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) manifests phenotypically as ptosis with ophthalmoplegia or CPEO-plus, with the affection of muscles or organs other than the extra-ocular eye muscles. Herein, a case of CPEO-plus caused by a single mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion is represented, along with several previously unreported phenotypic features. The patient is a 76-year-old Caucasian female who had experienced slowly progressive bilateral ptosis since the age of 15, followed by gradual ophthalmoparesis without double vision. Since the age of 56, she had developed mild quadriparesis, depression, easy fatigability, hypersomnia, a facial tic, optic atrophy, cataract, glaucoma, hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, cholecystolithiasis, diverticulosis, hyperhidrosis, mild hyper-creatine-kinase-emia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia. Moreover, she had faced previously unreported manifestations of mitochondrial disorders, psoriasis, and multiple scalp atheromas. The phenotype and a single 5kb mtDNA deletion were employed to diagnose CPEO-plus. This case demonstrates that the phenotypic spectrum of CPEO-plus is broader than expected, that psoriasis and scalp atheromas are unique features of a mitochondrial disorder, and that CPEO progresses to CPEO-plus during the years.
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Human Mitoribosome Biogenesis and Its Emerging Links to Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083827. [PMID: 33917098 PMCID: PMC8067846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) synthesize a small subset of proteins, which are essential components of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. Therefore, their function is of fundamental importance to cellular metabolism. The assembly of mitoribosomes is a complex process that progresses through numerous maturation and protein-binding events coordinated by the actions of several assembly factors. Dysregulation of mitoribosome production is increasingly recognized as a contributor to metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, mutations in multiple components of the mitoribosome assembly machinery have been associated with a range of human pathologies, highlighting their importance to cell function and health. Here, we provide a review of our current understanding of mitoribosome biogenesis, highlighting the key factors involved in this process and the growing number of mutations in genes encoding mitoribosomal RNAs, proteins, and assembly factors that lead to human disease.
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Ferrari A, Del'Olio S, Barrientos A. The Diseased Mitoribosome. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1025-1061. [PMID: 33314036 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria control life and death in eukaryotic cells. Harboring a unique circular genome, a by-product of an ancient endosymbiotic event, mitochondria maintains a specialized and evolutionary divergent protein synthesis machinery, the mitoribosome. Mitoribosome biogenesis depends on elements encoded in both the mitochondrial genome (the RNA components) and the nuclear genome (all ribosomal proteins and assembly factors). Recent cryo-EM structures of mammalian mitoribosomes have illuminated their composition and provided hints regarding their assembly and elusive mitochondrial translation mechanisms. A growing body of literature involves the mitoribosome in inherited primary mitochondrial disorders. Mutations in genes encoding mitoribosomal RNAs, proteins, and assembly factors impede mitoribosome biogenesis, causing protein synthesis defects that lead to respiratory chain failure and mitochondrial disorders such as encephalo- and cardiomyopathy, deafness, neuropathy, and developmental delays. In this article, we review the current fundamental understanding of mitoribosome assembly and function, and the clinical landscape of mitochondrial disorders driven by mutations in mitoribosome components and assembly factors, to portray how basic and clinical studies combined help us better understand both mitochondrial biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Samuel Del'Olio
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
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ElHefnawi M, Hegazy E, Elfiky A, Jeon Y, Jeon S, Bhak J, Mohamed Metwally F, Sugano S, Horiuchi T, Kazumi A, Blazyte A. Complete genome sequence and bioinformatics analysis of nine Egyptian females with clinical information from different geographic regions in Egypt. Gene 2020; 769:145237. [PMID: 33127537 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Egyptians are at a crossroad between Africa and Eurasia, providing useful genomic resources for analyzing both genetic and environmental factors for future personalized medicine. Two personal Egyptian whole genomes have been published previously by us and here nine female whole genome sequences with clinical information have been added to expand the genomic resource of Egyptian personal genomes. Here we report the analysis of whole genomes of nine Egyptian females from different regions using Illumina short-read sequencers. At 30x sequencing coverage, we identified 12 SNPs that were shared in most of the subjects associated with obesity which are concordant with their clinical diagnosis. Also, we found mtDNA mutation A4282G is common in all the samples and this is associated with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). Haplogroup and Admixture analyses revealed that most Egyptian samples are close to the other north Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and European, respectively, possibly reflecting the into-Africa influx of human migration. In conclusion, we present whole-genome sequences of nine Egyptian females with personal clinical information that cover the diverse regions of Egypt. Although limited in sample size, the whole genomes data provides possible geno-phenotype candidate markers that are relevant to the region's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud ElHefnawi
- School of Information Technology and Computer Science, Nile University, Giza 12588, Egypt; Informatics & Systems Department, the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Biomedical Informatics and Chemoinformatics Group, Center of Excellence for Medical Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed Hegazy
- School of Information Technology and Computer Science, Nile University, Giza 12588, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Elfiky
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yeonsu Jeon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), UNIST, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Jeon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), UNIST, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bhak
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), UNIST, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea; Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Fateheya Mohamed Metwally
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sumio Sugano
- The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumi Horiuchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Abe Kazumi
- The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asta Blazyte
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), UNIST, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Cerebellar atrophy is common among mitochondrial disorders. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:987-988. [PMID: 29717375 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Postfach 20, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sinda Zarrouk-Mahjoub
- Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar and Genomics Platform, Tunis, Tunisia
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