1
|
Huang Y, Wang W, Jin J. Association between polyphenol subclasses and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1428911. [PMID: 39144286 PMCID: PMC11322767 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1428911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of polyphenol subclasses on prostate cancer (PCA) is controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between polyphenol subclasses and PCA incidence. Methods From the establishment of the database to December 2023, a systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant observational studies. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the association. Results A total of 38 studies (11 were cohort studies and 27 were case-control studies), composing 824,933 participants, were included in this meta-analysis after excluding irrelevant records. The findings of the study revealed that men who consumed dietary polyphenols had a significantly higher risk of PCA compared to those who never or rarely consumed dietary polyphenols (OR = 1.01, p = 0.023), especially dietary flavonol (OR = 1.05, p = 0.042), flavanol (OR = 1.03, p = 0.026) and anthocyanin (OR = 1.06, p = 0.001). Neither total nor subclasses of dietary polyphenols have an effect on non-localized or high-grade PCA (OR = 1.01, p = 0.518). Dietary isoflavones tended to reduce the incidence of local or low-grade PCA, although there was no statistically significant difference (OR = 1.00, p = 0.081). Regarding serum/plasma polyphenol, total polyphenol (OR = 0.95, p = 0.002), genistein (OR = 0.92, p = 0.029) and enterolactone (OR = 0.92, p = 0.022) can reduce the incidence of PCA. No association was observed between total/subclasses of urinary polyphenols and PCA risk. Conclusion Polyphenols seem to generally increase the risk of PCA in the male population. The effect of polyphenols on PCA is affected by factors such as polyphenol subclasses, their forms (serum/plasma, urinary, dietary), and PCA-related factors (like PCA stage). Systematic review registration identifier: CRD42022322699.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Huang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxiang Jin
- Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi X, Pan Y, Liu J, Luo F, Li B, Hu Y, Chen K. Does androgenic alopecia aggravate the risk of prostate cancer? Evidence from Mendelian randomization. Prostate Int 2024; 12:110-115. [PMID: 39036755 PMCID: PMC11255885 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological reports indicate a potential association between androgenic alopecia (AGA) and increased prostate cancer (PC) prevalence, but conflicting reports also exist. This study aims to elucidate the causality of AGA on PC risk using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Materials and methods Two-sample MR analyses utilized public genome-wide association studies summary data for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with AGA. Four statistical methods were used: inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, with IVW as the preliminary estimation method. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to address pleiotropic bias. Results Genetically proxied AGA did not demonstrate a causal effect on PC risk (IVW P > 0.05). Consistently, complementary methods yielded results aligned with IVW. Conclusions Our MR analysis indicates no causal relationship between genetically predicted AGA and PC risk, suggesting that observed associations in epidemiological studies may not be causal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Shi
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515031, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salmon C, Mesidor M, Rousseau MC, Richard H, Weiss D, Spence AR, Parent ME. Male-Pattern Vertex Baldness Trajectories, Chest Hair Patterns, and Odds of Overall and Aggressive Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:143-150. [PMID: 37851110 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between hormones and hair growth is well established. Inconsistent associations have been found between hair patterns and cancer of the prostate, a hormone-dependent organ. We assessed vertex baldness trajectories, chest hair amount, and their relationships with the odds of developing prostate cancer in a large case-control study in Montreal, Canada. METHODS In-person interviews were conducted with 1,931 incident prostate cancer cases and 1,994 population-based age-matched (±5 years) controls. Participants reported their hair patterns using the validated Hamilton-Norwood scale of baldness for 10-year increments starting at age 30, and their current amount of chest hair. Group-based trajectories were used to identify men sharing similar patterns of vertex baldness severity over adulthood. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between indicators of baldness (frontal, vertex, age at onset, severity, and trajectories), chest hair, and odds of prostate cancer. RESULTS Vertex balding onset at age 30 was associated with increased odds of overall prostate cancer [Odds ratio (OR), 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.64]. Men in the trajectory characterized by early moderate vertex baldness and developing severe baldness had increased odds of overall (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.03-1.96) and especially aggressive prostate cancer (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.21-3.22) compared with men without baldness. Men with little chest hair had higher odds of aggressive tumors than those with a moderate amount/a lot of chest hair. CONCLUSIONS Early-onset moderate vertex baldness that progresses and having little chest hair may be useful biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer. IMPACT Integration of early-onset vertex balding patterns into risk prediction models of aggressive prostate cancer should be envisaged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Salmon
- Unité d'épidémiologie et de biostatistique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Miceline Mesidor
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Rousseau
- Unité d'épidémiologie et de biostatistique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hugues Richard
- Unité d'épidémiologie et de biostatistique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Deborah Weiss
- Department of National Defense, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea R Spence
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Elise Parent
- Unité d'épidémiologie et de biostatistique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sánchez P, Serrano Falcón C, Martínez Rodríguez S, Torres JM, Serrano S, Ortega E. mRNA Levels of Aromatase, 5α-Reductase Isozymes, and Prostate Cancer-Related Genes in Plucked Hair from Young Men with Androgenic Alopecia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17461. [PMID: 38139289 PMCID: PMC10744313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevalent type of progressive hair loss and has psychological repercussions. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of current pharmacological treatments remains limited, in part because the molecular basis of the disease has not been fully elucidated. Our group previously highlighted the important roles of aromatase and 5α-reductase (5α-R) in alopecia in young women with female pattern hair loss. Additionally, an association has been proposed between AGA and prostate cancer (PCa), suggesting that genes implicated in PCa would also be involved in AGA. A low-invasive, sensitive, and precise method was used to determine mRNA levels of aromatase, 5α-R isozymes, and 84 PCa-related genes in samples of plucked hair from young men with AGA and controls. Samples were obtained with a trichogram from the vertex scalp, and mRNA levels were quantified using real-time RT-PCR. The men with AGA had significantly higher 5α-R2 mRNA levels in comparison to controls; interestingly, some of them also showed markedly elevated mRNA levels of 5α-R1 or 5α-R3 or of both, which may explain the varied response to 5α-R inhibitor treatments. The men with AGA also showed significant changes versus controls in 6 out of the 84 genes implicated in PCa. This study contributes greater knowledge of the molecular bases of AGA, facilitating early selection of the most appropriate pharmacological therapy and opening the way to novel treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | | | - Sergio Martínez Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Jesús M. Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.S.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Salvio Serrano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Esperanza Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.S.); (S.M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu Y, Papukashvili D, Ren R, Rcheulishvili N, Feng S, Bai W, Zhang H, Xi Y, Lu X, Xing N. siRNA-based approaches for castration-resistant prostate cancer therapy targeting the androgen receptor signaling pathway. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2055-2073. [PMID: 37823367 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is a common treatment method for metastatic prostate cancer through lowering androgen levels; however, this therapy frequently leads to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This is attributed to the activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Current treatments targeting AR are often ineffective mostly due to AR gene overexpression and mutations, as well as the presence of splice variants that accelerate CRPC progression. Thus there is a critical need for more specific medication to treat CRPC. Small interfering RNAs have shown great potential as a targeted therapy. This review discusses prostate cancer progression and the role of AR signaling in CRPC, and proposes siRNA-based targeted therapy as a promising strategy for CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | | | - Ruimin Ren
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Department of Urology, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | | | - Shunping Feng
- Southern University of Science & Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wenqi Bai
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huanhu Zhang
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bergengren O, Pekala KR, Matsoukas K, Fainberg J, Mungovan SF, Bratt O, Bray F, Brawley O, Luckenbaugh AN, Mucci L, Morgan TM, Carlsson SV. 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review. Eur Urol 2023; 84:191-206. [PMID: 37202314 PMCID: PMC10851915 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of the disease is paramount to improve primary and secondary prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and summarize the current evidence on the descriptive epidemiology, large screening studies, diagnostic techniques, and risk factors of PCa. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PCa incidence and mortality rates for 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A systematic search was performed in July 2022 using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE biomedical databases. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022359728). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Globally, PCa is the second most common cancer, with the highest incidence in North and South America, Europe, Australia, and the Caribbean. Risk factors include age, family history, and genetic predisposition. Additional factors may include smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and occupational factors. As PCa screening has become more accepted, newer approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers have been implemented to identify patients who are likely to harbor significant tumors. Limitations of this review include the evidence being derived from meta-analyses of mostly retrospective studies. CONCLUSIONS PCa remains the second most common cancer among men worldwide. PCa screening is gaining acceptance and will likely reduce PCa mortality at the cost of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Increasing use of MRI and biomarkers for the detection of PCa may mitigate some of the negative consequences of screening. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most common cancer among men, and screening for PCa is likely to increase in the future. Improved diagnostic techniques can help reduce the number of men who need to be diagnosed and treated to save one life. Avoidable risk factors for PCa may include factors such as smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and certain occupations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Bergengren
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kelly R Pekala
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Fainberg
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean F Mungovan
- Westmead Private Physiotherapy Services and The Clinical Research Institute, Westmead Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ola Bratt
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Otis Brawley
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lorelei Mucci
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sigrid V Carlsson
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pinedo-Moraleda F, Tristán-Martín B, Dradi GG. Alopecias: Practical Tips for the Management of Biopsies and Main Diagnostic Clues for General Pathologists and Dermatopathologists. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5004. [PMID: 37568407 PMCID: PMC10419566 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately diagnosing specific variants of alopecia remains challenging for pathologists, potentially delaying appropriate therapeutic decisions by dermatologists. Issues such as limited knowledge on optimal biopsy types and processing methods add complexity. Understanding the normal histology of hair follicles and their changes throughout the follicular cycle further complicates microscopic evaluation. This paper aims to summarize these characteristics and highlight essential diagnostic clues for pathologists to confidently suggest a diagnosis, therefore playing a key role in alopecia diagnosis. Ongoing education, collaboration with dermatologists, and staying up to date on advancements is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and effective management of different types of alopecia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Tristán-Martín
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Sonsoles, 05004 Avila, Spain;
| | - Giulia Greta Dradi
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Alcorcon, 28922 Alcorcon, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen X, Xiang H, Yang M. Topical cetirizine for treating androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5519-5526. [PMID: 35976065 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cetirizine, a widely used agent for allergic disorders, has recently been topically used for treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA). We aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of topical cetirizine for treating AGA. METHODS We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized clinical trials. FINDINGS We initially identified 102 records, of which, we included two RCTs and one non-randomized clinical trial, which were of moderate-to-high risk of bias. All included trials used 1% topical cetirizine as the intervention with various regimens. Topical cetirizine was likely to be more effective than a placebo for treating AGA. In comparison with topical minoxidil, topical cetirizine appears to be less effective for improving total and vellus hair density, but it might have a longer-lasting effect. Further, cetirizine might be as effective as minoxidil in improving hair diameter. CONCLUSION One percent topical cetirizine may serve as a choice for treating AGA, especially for patients with a negative response to topical minoxidil. In order to fully understand the role of topical cetirizine for AGA, additional well-designed RCTs are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Phillipps J, Raval NS, Musiek A. SnapshotDx Quiz: May 2022. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:e43-e49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Lim JE, Huang J, Mӓnnistӧ S, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D. Hair dye use and prostate cancer risk: A prospective analysis in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort. Cancer 2022; 128:1260-1266. [PMID: 34797564 PMCID: PMC8882135 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, some hair dye chemicals are considered mutagenic and carcinogenic in humans. One hospital-based study reported a positive association between hair dye use and prostate cancer risk, but no prospective analyses have been conducted. METHODS This study investigated the association between hair dye use and prostate cancer risk in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort, a large, well-characterized cohort of 29,133 male Finnish smokers. Participants completed questionnaires regarding lifestyle, medical, and risk factor information, including the use of hair dye, which was available for 98.8% of the cohort (28,795 men). Prostate cancer cases were identified through linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry and the Finnish Mortality Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated via multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During a 28-year period of observation, 2703 incident prostate cancer cases were diagnosed. As reported at the baseline, 75 men used hair dye, and 13 of these men were subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer. After adjustments for potential confounders, men who used hair dyes experienced substantially higher prostate cancer risk than men who did not (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.03-3.05). CONCLUSIONS This first prospective investigation of hair dye use and prostate cancer suggests that personal hair dye use may be related to increased risk. The findings warrant re-examination in other prospective cohorts along with studies evaluating specific hair dyes and possible underlying biological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-eun Lim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Satu Mӓnnistӧ
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
An Uncontrolled Case Series Using a Botanically Derived, β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex in Two Androgenetic Alopecia-Affected Male Subjects. COSMETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics7030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-based monotherapy provides limited clinical benefits in polygenic disorders, such as androgenetic alopecia. Possible benefits must be measured against non-trivial risks of negative side effects. Several well-controlled, peer-reviewed, basic science studies have demonstrated novel mechanisms of action and potential utility for natural-based phytochemicals in the treatment of androgen-mediated disorders, including androgenetic alopecia. Yet, due to phytochemical instability, volatility, and incompatibility, the bridge from in vitro potential to clinical efficacy remains largely unmet. Recent advances in nanomaterial manipulation provide enhanced platforms, such as cyclodextrins, in which these phytochemicals may be enveloped and delivered without triggering the loss of intended function. Unexpected, positive results of an uncontrolled case series for a cyclodextrin-enabled, natural-based formula containing γ linolenic acid, β-Sitosterol, epigallocatechin gallate, and genistein, administered concomitantly via oral and topical form in two androgenetic alopecia-affected, male subjects over the course of 270 days were found. At baseline, significant baldness in the vertex scalp of both subjects was observed. Subsequent 90-day time points demonstrated marked hair thickening. On treatment day 270 (conclusion), scalp hair loss was no longer evident in either patient. Particularly in the setting of a disorders, such as androgenetic alopecia, nano-complexed, botanically-based compositions may offer beneficial adjunctives or alternatives to traditional drug-based/surgical medical treatments.
Collapse
|
12
|
Khan S, Caldwell J, Wilson KM, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Peisch S, Pernar CH, Graff RE, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA, Gerke TA, Markt SC. Baldness and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1229-1236. [PMID: 32277004 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between male pattern baldness and prostate cancer has been inconsistent. We prospectively investigated the association between baldness at age 45 and prostate cancer risk in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), focusing on clinical and molecular markers. METHODS Baldness was self-reported on the 1992 questionnaire using the modified Norwood-Hamilton scale prior to diagnosis. We estimated HRs between baldness and prostate cancer risk among 36,760 men, with follow-up through 2014. We also investigated whether baldness was associated with prostate cancer defined by tumor protein expression of androgen receptor and the presence of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. RESULTS During 22 years, 5,157 prostate cancer cases were identified. Fifty-six percent of the men had either frontal or vertex baldness. No significant associations were found between baldness and prostate cancer risk. Among men younger than 60 years, there was a statistically significant association between frontal and severe vertex baldness and overall prostate cancer (HR: 1.74; 95% confidence interval: 1.23-2.48). Baldness was not significantly associated with expression of molecular subtypes defined by AR and TMPRSS2:ERG IHC of prostate tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study showed no association between baldness at age 45 and prostate cancer risk, overall or for clinical or molecular markers. The association between baldness and overall prostate cancer among younger men is intriguing, but caution is warranted when interpreting this finding. IMPACT The null findings from this large cohort study, together with previous literature's inconclusive findings across baldness patterns, suggest that baldness is not a consistent biomarker for prostate cancer risk or progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saud Khan
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Samuel Peisch
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sarah C Markt
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aourag N, Langenhuijsen JF, d'Ancona F, Heesakkers J. Can we predict prostate size by scoring baldness? The relationship of androgenic alopecia and lower urinary tract symptoms. Cent European J Urol 2019; 72:39-43. [PMID: 31011438 PMCID: PMC6469014 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2018.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate growth and androgenic alopecia are both under the influence of dihydrotestosterone. Dihydrotestosterone can make prostates larger and men balder. Therefore, we assessed the association of men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms and androgenic alopecia. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 177 subjects which underwent a Green Light Laser Vaporization Procedure of the prostate between 2006 and 2017. We identified two groups of males with different levels of androgenic alopecia, classified according to the Norwood-Hamilton scale, which we compared in this study. lower urinary tract symptoms were evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire. Other parameters included demographics, urodynamics, prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen. RESULTS Mean patient age was 68 (47-87) years. Mean International Prostate Symptom Score was 20 (1-35). 59.3% of subjects were classified as bald using the Norwood-Hamilton scale (androgenic alopecia score). Mean prostate size (range) was 77.5 ml (21-245), mean Qmax was 9 ml/s (1-25), and mean PSA was 4.7 ng/ml (0.3-39). The androgenic alopecia score correlated with none of the other parameters. PSA and prostate volume correlated with the Schäfer obstruction classification. Qmax correlated with the Schäfer classification and International Prostate Symptom Score. International Prostate Symptom Score correlated with QoL. Schäfer classification correlated with PSA, prostate volume, Qmax and age. CONCLUSIONS As expected, various lower urinary tract symptoms parameters in our study correlated with each other. However, no correlation was found between the androgenic alopecia score and LUTS or prostate volume. This score cannot be used to estimate prostate size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Aourag
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank d'Ancona
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John Heesakkers
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|