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Reis JC, Travado L, Heller AS, Oliveira FPM, Almeida SD, Sousa B, Costa DC, Antoni MH. Greater perceived stress management skills and heightened brain metabolic activity in cortical and subcortical stress processing regions in metastatic breast cancer patients. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:130-140. [PMID: 37950083 PMCID: PMC10844387 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emotional distress and adversity can contribute to negative health outcomes in women with breast cancer. Individual differences in perceived stress management skills such as cognitive reframing and relaxation for coping with adversity have been shown to predict less distress and better psychological and physiological adaptation. Prior work shows that more distressed breast cancer patients reveal less metabolic activity in brain regions such as the insula, thalamus, ventromedial and lateral prefrontal cortices. This led us to pose the hypothesis that breast cancer patients with greater stress management skills (e.g., ability to reframe stressors and use relaxation) may conversely show greater activation in these brain regions and thereby identify brain activity that may be modifiable through stress management interventions. The main objective of this study was to examine the association of perceived stress management skill efficacy with the metabolism of 9 key stress-implicated brain regions in women diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. METHODS Sixty women (mean age 59.86 ± 10.04) with a diagnosis of mBC underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Perceived stress management skill efficacy was assessed with the Measure of Current Status Scale. RESULTS Greater perceived stress management skill efficacy related significantly to higher metabolic activity in the insula, thalamus, ventromedial and lateral prefrontal cortices, and basal ganglia; this network of regions overlaps with those previously shown to be under-activated with greater level of distress in this same sample of metastatic breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate in metastatic cancer patients that greater perceptions of stress management skill efficacy are associated with metabolic activity in key brain regions and paves the way for future studies tracking neural mechanisms sensitive to change following stress management interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim C Reis
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Luzia Travado
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aaron S Heller
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Francisco P M Oliveira
- Nuclear Medicine - Radiopharmacology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silvia D Almeida
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Berta Sousa
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Durval C Costa
- Nuclear Medicine - Radiopharmacology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Zwezerijnen GJC, Eertink JJ, Ferrández MC, Wiegers SE, Burggraaff CN, Lugtenburg PJ, Heymans MW, de Vet HCW, Zijlstra JM, Boellaard R. Reproducibility of [18F]FDG PET/CT liver SUV as reference or normalisation factor. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:486-493. [PMID: 36166080 PMCID: PMC9816285 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although visual and quantitative assessments of [18F]FDG PET/CT studies typically rely on liver uptake value as a reference or normalisation factor, consensus or consistency in measuring [18F]FDG uptake is lacking. Therefore, we evaluate the variation of several liver standardised uptake value (SUV) measurements in lymphoma [18F]FDG PET/CT studies using different uptake metrics. METHODS PET/CT scans from 34 lymphoma patients were used to calculate SUVmaxliver, SUVpeakliver and SUVmeanliver as a function of (1) volume-of-interest (VOI) size, (2) location, (3) imaging time point and (4) as a function of total metabolic tumour volume (MTV). The impact of reconstruction protocol on liver uptake is studied on 15 baseline lymphoma patient scans. The effect of noise on liver SUV was assessed using full and 25% count images of 15 lymphoma scans. RESULTS Generally, SUVmaxliver and SUVpeakliver were 38% and 16% higher compared to SUVmeanliver. SUVmaxliver and SUVpeakliver increased up to 31% and 15% with VOI size while SUVmeanliver remained unchanged with the lowest variability for the largest VOI size. Liver uptake metrics were not affected by VOI location. Compared to baseline, liver uptake metrics were 15-18% and 9-18% higher at interim and EoT PET, respectively. SUVliver decreased with larger total MTVs. SUVmaxliver and SUVpeakliver were affected by reconstruction protocol up to 62%. SUVmax and SUVpeak moved 22% and 11% upward between full and 25% count images. CONCLUSION SUVmeanliver was most robust against VOI size, location, reconstruction protocol and image noise level, and is thus the most reproducible metric for liver uptake. The commonly recommended 3 cm diameter spherical VOI-based SUVmeanliver values were only slightly more variable than those seen with larger VOI sizes and are sufficient for SUVmeanliver measurements in future studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT: 2006-005,174-42, 01-08-2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben J C Zwezerijnen
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakoba J Eertink
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C Ferrández
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne E Wiegers
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coreline N Burggraaff
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn W Heymans
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrica C W de Vet
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josée M Zijlstra
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Hematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rogasch JMM, Hofheinz F, van Heek L, Voltin CA, Boellaard R, Kobe C. Influences on PET Quantification and Interpretation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020451. [PMID: 35204542 PMCID: PMC8871060 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Various factors have been identified that influence quantitative accuracy and image interpretation in positron emission tomography (PET). Through the continuous introduction of new PET technology—both imaging hardware and reconstruction software—into clinical care, we now find ourselves in a transition period in which traditional and new technologies coexist. The effects on the clinical value of PET imaging and its interpretation in routine clinical practice require careful reevaluation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of important factors influencing quantification and interpretation with a focus on recent developments in PET technology. Finally, we discuss the relationship between quantitative accuracy and subjective image interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. M. Rogasch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Hofheinz
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz Center Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Lutz van Heek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.v.H.); (C.-A.V.)
| | - Conrad-Amadeus Voltin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.v.H.); (C.-A.V.)
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Free University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Carsten Kobe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.v.H.); (C.-A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-7534
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Nautiyal A, Jha AK, Mithun S, Sawant V, Jadhav R, Khairnar K, Rangarajan V. Normal Skeletal Standardized Uptake Values Obtained from Quantitative Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography: Time-Dependent Study on Breast Cancer Patients. Indian J Nucl Med 2021; 36:398-411. [PMID: 35125758 PMCID: PMC8771070 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_47_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To estimate the standard uptake values (SUVs) of Tc-99m methylene-diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) from normal skeletal sites in breast cancer patients using quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Materials and Methods: A total of 60 breast cancer patients who underwent Tc-99m MDP SPECT/CT study at different postinjection acquisition times were included in this study. Based on postinjection acquisition time, patients were divided into four study groups (n_15 each), i.e. Ist (2 h), IInd (3 h), IIIrd (4 h), and IVth (5 h). Image quantification (SUVmax and SUVmean) was performed using Q.Metrix software. Delineation of volume of interest was shaped around different bones of the skeletal system. Results: The highest normal SUVmax and SUVmean values were observed in lumber and thoracic vertebra (8.89 ± 2.26 and 2.89 ± 0.58) for Group I and in pelvis and thoracic (9.6 ± 1.32 and 3.04 ± 0.64), (10.93 ± 3.91 and 3.65 ± 0.97), (11.33 ± 2.67 and 3.65 ± 0.22) for Group II, III and IV, respectively. Lowest normal SUVmax and SUVmean values were observed in humerus and ribs (3.22 ± 0.67 and 0.97 ± 0.18), (5.16 ± 1.82 and 1.18 ± 0.16) for Group I, IV, and in humerus (3.17 ± 0.58 and 0.85 ± 0.26), (3.98 ± 1.12 and 1.04 ± 0.28) for Group II and III, respectively. Significant difference (P < 0.05) noted in SUVmax for sternum, cervical, humerus, ribs, and pelvis with respect to time. However, significant difference (P < 0.05) noted in SUVmean for all skeletal sites with respect to time. Conclusions: Our study shows variability in normal SUV values for different skeletal sites in breast cancer patients. Vertebral bodies and pelvis contribute highest SUV values. Time dependency of SUVs emphasizes the usefulness of routinely acquired images at the same time after Tc-99m MDP injection, especially in follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Nautiyal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Jha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Mithun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viraj Sawant
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raveena Jadhav
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kranti Khairnar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Venkatesh Rangarajan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Wang R, Fan Q, Tian R, Su M. Intrapatient repeatability of background 18F-FDG uptake on PET/CT. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:4172-4180. [PMID: 34476197 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Background activity is often used as a reference to assess tumor treatment response on positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). Our objective was to find the preferred background by assessing the repeatability of its activity. The activity was expressed by a standardized uptake value normalized to lean body mass (SUL). Methods Patients who received repeat 18F-FDG PET/CT scans within 1 to 4 days were selected. The indications included cancer screening, tumor staging, or treatment response evaluation. Background SULs from the aortic blood pool (ABP), liver, and muscle were recorded. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), the coefficient of variation (CV), and Bland-Altman plots for repeated measures were used to evaluate the degree of repeatability between the two scans. Intrapatient variation in SULs and factors, including the blood glucose level (BGL), tracer uptake period, and dose, were calculated as relative changes between the two scans. A linear regression model was used to analyze all relative changes to identify the correlation between factors and SULs. Results Thirty patients were included. The SUL ICCs for the ABP, liver, and muscle were 0.65 (95% CI, 0.38-0.81), 0.47 (95% CI, 0.15-0.70), and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.65-0.91), respectively. The SUL coefficients of variation (CVs) were 9% for the ABP, 12% for the liver, and 10% for muscle. Similar results were obtained from the Bland-Altman plots. There was a positive correlation between the variations in the liver SUL and the BGL (b=0.60, P<0.01). A similar result was found between the variations in muscle SUL and the BGL (b=0.45, P<0.01). The variation in muscle SUL showed a positive correlation with the variation in the tracer uptake period (b=0.58, P<0.01). Conclusions The SUL of the liver is more sensitive to BGLs and, therefore, may not be suitable as a referential background. Activities within the ABP and muscle are more stable than those of the liver and should be used as the preferred background for sequential patient evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuping Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minggang Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bochiński A, Sujenthiran A, Al-Hussini M, Fruhwirth GO, Shabbir M, Yap T. 18 F-FDG PET/CT use in functional assessment of the testes: A systematic review. Andrology 2021; 9:1410-1421. [PMID: 34019736 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our study analysed previous studies employing positron emission tomography with co-registered computer tomography (PET/CT) in andrological patient evaluation and assessed the differences in 2-[18 F]F-fluoro-2'-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake between three groups: healthy testes, benign and malignant testicular pathology. METHODS Medline and Embase were systematically searched for studies involving FDG-PET/CT imaging of testes with results expressed as mean standardised uptake value (SUVmean ). A one-way ANOVA was used to compare SUVmean between three groups. All papers assessing andrological parameters were pooled to compare fertility data. RESULTS Seventeen studies, including three relating to fertility diagnosis, with a total of 830 patients, were included in the review. One-way ANOVA showed a statistical difference between mean values of tracer SUVmean in healthy and malignant testes (Dif. = -2.77, 95% CI = -4.32 to 1.21, p < 0.01) as well as benign and malignant (Dif. = -2.95, 95% CI = -4.33 to -1.21, p < 0.01) but no difference between healthy and benign (Dif. = 0.19, 95% CI = -0.96 to 1.33, p = 0.90). There is some evidence to suggest that FDG uptake and testicular volume are positively correlated to total sperm count, sperm concentration and sperm motility and that germ cells are likely to account for the majority of testicular FDG accumulation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that malignant testicular lesions demonstrate a significantly higher FDG uptake than benign testicular lesions or healthy testes. Some evidence also suggests that FDG-PET could visualise metabolic activity and thus spermatogenesis; however more studies are required to determine whether FDG-PET could also be used to diagnose infertility. Further studies should focus on correlating both sex hormone-serum levels and semen analysis results with imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Bochiński
- School of Bioscience Education, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Majed Shabbir
- Department of Urology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tet Yap
- Department of Urology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
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Reis JC, Travado L, Antoni MH, Oliveira FPM, Almeida SD, Almeida P, Heller AS, Sousa B, Costa DC. Negative affect and stress-related brain metabolism in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 2020; 126:3122-3131. [PMID: 32286691 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and its treatment represent major stressors requiring that patients make multiple adaptations. Despite evidence that poor adaptation to stressors is associated with more distress and negative affect (NA), neuroimmune dysregulation and poorer health outcomes, current understanding is very limited of how NA covaries with central nervous system changes to account for these associations. METHODS NA was correlated with brain metabolic activity using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT) in several regions of interest in 61 women with metastatic breast cancer. Patients underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT and completed an assessment of NA using the Brief Symptom Inventory. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that NA was significantly negatively correlated with the standardized uptake value ratio of the insula, thalamus, hypothalamus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Voxel-wise correlation analyses within these 5 regions of interest demonstrated high left-right symmetry and the highest NA correlations with the anterior insula, thalamus (medial and ventral portion), lateral prefrontal cortex (right Brodmann area 9 [BA9], left BA45, and right and left BA10 and BA8), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (bilateral BA11). CONCLUSIONS The regions of interest most strongly negatively associated with NA represent key areas for successful adaptation to stressors and may be particularly relevant in patients with metastatic breast cancer who are dealing with multiple challenges of cancer and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim C Reis
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luzia Travado
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Cancer Control Program, Miami, Florida
| | - Francisco P M Oliveira
- Nuclear Medicine-Radiopharmacology, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silvia D Almeida
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Almeida
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aaron S Heller
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Cancer Control Program, Miami, Florida
| | - Berta Sousa
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Durval C Costa
- Nuclear Medicine-Radiopharmacology, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
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Cai P, Su D, Yang W, He Z, Zhang C, Liu H, Liu Z, Zhang X, Gao L, Liu Y, Jiang H, Gao F, Gao X. Inherently PET/CT Dual Modality Imaging Lipid Nanocapsules for Early Detection of Orthotopic Lung Tumors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:611-621. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | | | - Liang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | | | - Huaidong Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Xueyun Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
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