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Jan N, Sofi S, Qayoom H, Shabir A, Haq BU, Macha MA, Almilaibary A, Mir MA. Metronomic chemotherapy and drug repurposing: A paradigm shift in oncology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24670. [PMID: 38314272 PMCID: PMC10837507 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a significant global health and economic burden due to its high mortality rates. While effective in some instances, traditional chemotherapy often falls short of entirely eradicating various types of cancer. It can cause severe side effects due to harm to healthy cells. Two therapeutic approaches have risen to the forefront to address these limitations: metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) and drug repurposing. Metronomic chemotherapy is an innovative approach that breaks from traditional models. It involves the administration of chemotherapeutic regimens at lower doses, without long drug-free intervals that have previously been a hallmark of such treatments. This method offers a significant reduction in side effects and improved disease management. Simultaneously, drug repurposing has gained considerable attraction in cancer treatment. This approach involves utilizing existing drugs, initially developed for other therapeutic purposes, as potential cancer treatments. The application of known drugs in a new context accelerates the timeline from laboratory to patient due to pre-existing safety and dosage data. The intersection of these two strategies gives rise to a novel therapeutic approach named 'Metronomics.' This approach encapsulates the benefits of both MCT and drug repurposing, leading to reduced toxicity, potential for oral administration, improved patient quality of life, accelerated clinical implementation, and enhanced affordability. Numerous clinical studies have endorsed the efficacy of metronomic chemotherapy with tolerable side effects, underlining the potential of Metronomics in better cancer management, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This review underscores the benefits and applications of metronomic chemotherapy and drug repurposing, specifically in the context of breast cancer, showcasing the promising results of pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, we acknowledge the necessity of additional clinical investigations to definitively establish the role of metronomic chemotherapy in conjunction with other treatments in comprehensive cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Jan
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Shazia Sofi
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Hina Qayoom
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Aisha Shabir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Burhan Ul Haq
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Muzaffar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Pulwama, India
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
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Adinew GM, Messeha S, Taka E, Mochona B, Redda KK, Soliman KFA. Thymoquinone Inhibition of Chemokines in TNF-α-Induced Inflammatory and Metastatic Effects in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9878. [PMID: 37373025 PMCID: PMC10298461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of identifiable molecular targets or biomarkers hinders the development of treatment options in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, natural products offer a promising alternative by targeting inflammatory chemokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Chemokines are crucial in promoting breast cancer growth and metastasis and correlate to the altered inflammatory process. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antimetastatic effects of the natural product thymoquinone (TQ) on TNF-α-stimulated TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) to study the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, anticolony, antimigratory, and antichemokine effects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions, and Western blots were used in sequence to validate the microarray results further. Four downregulated inflammatory cytokines were identified, CCL2 and CCL20 in MDA-MB-468 cells and CCL3 and CCL4 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, when TNF-α-stimulated MDA-MB-231 cells were compared with MDA-MB-468 cells, the two cells were sensitive to TQ's antichemokine and antimetastatic effect in preventing cell migration. It was concluded from this investigation that genetically different cell lines may respond to TQ differently, as TQ targets CCL3 and CCL4 in MDA-MB-231 cells and CCL2 and CCL20 in MDA-MB-468 cells. Therefore, the results indicate that TQ may be recommended as a component of the therapeutic strategy for TNBC treatment. These outcomes stem from the compound's capacity to suppress the chemokine. Even though these findings support the usage of TQ as part of a therapy strategy for TNBC associated with the identified chemokine dysregulations, additional in vivo studies are needed to confirm these in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet M. Adinew
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (G.M.A.); (S.M.); (E.T.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Samia Messeha
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (G.M.A.); (S.M.); (E.T.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Equar Taka
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (G.M.A.); (S.M.); (E.T.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Bereket Mochona
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Kinfe K. Redda
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (G.M.A.); (S.M.); (E.T.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (G.M.A.); (S.M.); (E.T.); (K.K.R.)
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Hinshaw DC, Benavides GA, Metge BJ, Swain CA, Kammerud SC, Alsheikh HA, Elhamamsy A, Chen D, Darley-Usmar V, Rathmell JC, Welner RS, Samant RS, Shevde LA. Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Treg to Th17 Conversion Through Metabolic Rewiring in Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:687-702. [PMID: 37058110 PMCID: PMC10159910 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment dynamically evolves to support tumor growth and progression. Immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) promote tumor growth and metastatic seeding in patients with breast cancer. Deregulation of plasticity between Treg and Th17 cells creates an immune regulatory framework that enables tumor progression. Here, we discovered a functional role for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in promoting Treg differentiation and immunosuppressive activity, and when Hh activity was inhibited, Tregs adopted a Th17-like phenotype complemented by an enhanced inflammatory profile. Mechanistically, Hh signaling promoted O-GlcNAc modifications of critical Treg and Th17 transcription factors, Foxp3 and STAT3, respectively, that orchestrated this transition. Blocking Hh reprogramed Tregs metabolically, dampened their immunosuppressive activity, and supported their transdifferentiation into inflammatory Th17 cells that enhanced the recruitment of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells into tumors. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown role for Hh signaling in the regulation of Treg differentiation and activity and the switch between Tregs and Th17 cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique C. Hinshaw
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gloria A. Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brandon J. Metge
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Courtney A. Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarah C. Kammerud
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Heba A. Alsheikh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amr Elhamamsy
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, VUMC, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert S. Welner
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajeev S. Samant
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lalita A. Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Senior author
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West J, Adler F, Gallaher J, Strobl M, Brady-Nicholls R, Brown J, Roberson-Tessi M, Kim E, Noble R, Viossat Y, Basanta D, Anderson ARA. A survey of open questions in adaptive therapy: Bridging mathematics and clinical translation. eLife 2023; 12:e84263. [PMID: 36952376 PMCID: PMC10036119 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive therapy is a dynamic cancer treatment protocol that updates (or 'adapts') treatment decisions in anticipation of evolving tumor dynamics. This broad term encompasses many possible dynamic treatment protocols of patient-specific dose modulation or dose timing. Adaptive therapy maintains high levels of tumor burden to benefit from the competitive suppression of treatment-sensitive subpopulations on treatment-resistant subpopulations. This evolution-based approach to cancer treatment has been integrated into several ongoing or planned clinical trials, including treatment of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and BRAF-mutant melanoma. In the previous few decades, experimental and clinical investigation of adaptive therapy has progressed synergistically with mathematical and computational modeling. In this work, we discuss 11 open questions in cancer adaptive therapy mathematical modeling. The questions are split into three sections: (1) integrating the appropriate components into mathematical models (2) design and validation of dosing protocols, and (3) challenges and opportunities in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey West
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Fred Adler
- Department of Mathematics, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jill Gallaher
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Maximilian Strobl
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Renee Brady-Nicholls
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Joel Brown
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Mark Roberson-Tessi
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Robert Noble
- Department of Mathematics, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yannick Viossat
- Ceremade, Université Paris-Dauphine, Université Paris Sciences et LettresParisFrance
| | - David Basanta
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
| | - Alexander RA Anderson
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaUnited States
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Balkrishna A, Mittal R, Arya V. Tumor Suppressive Role of MicroRNAs in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3357-3367. [PMID: 38037837 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128272489231124095922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers are highly aggressive, a heterogeneous form of breast cancer with a high re-occurrence rate that further lacks an efficient treatment strategy and prognostic marker. The tumor microenvironment of the disease comprises cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer stem cells, immunological molecules, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and a metastatic microenvironment that contributes to disease progression and metastasis to distant sites. Emerging evidence indicated that miRNA clusters would be of clinical utility as they exert an oncogenic or tumor suppressor role in TNBC. The present review article aims to highlight the therapeutic significance of miRNA in targeting the above-mentioned signaling cascades and modulating the intracellular crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment of TNBC. Prognostic implications of miRNAs to depict disease-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, relapse-free survival, and overall survival outcome were also unveiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Rashmi Mittal
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Vedpriya Arya
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
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Alshuail N, Alehaideb Z, Alghamdi S, Suliman R, Al-Eidi H, Ali R, Barhoumi T, Almutairi M, Alwhibi M, Alghanem B, Alamro A, Alghamdi A, Matou-Nasri S. Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch.Bip Flower Dichloromethane Extract Exerts Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Properties in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (MDA-MB-231) Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091060. [PMID: 36145281 PMCID: PMC9506496 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a challenging disease due to the absence of tailored therapy. The search for new therapies involves intensive research focusing on natural sources. Achillea fragrantissima (A. fragrantissima) is a traditional medicine from the Middle East region. Various solvent extracts from different A. fragrantissima plant parts, including flowers, leaves, and roots, were tested on TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. Using liquid chromatography, the fingerprinting revealed rich and diverse compositions for A. fragrantissima plant parts using polar to non-polar solvent extracts indicating possible differences in bioactivities. Using the CellTiter-Glo™ viability assay, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined for each extract and ranged from 32.4 to 161.7 µg/mL. The A. fragrantissima flower dichloromethane extract had the lowest mean IC50 value and was chosen for further investigation. Upon treatment with increasing A. fragrantissima flower dichloromethane extract concentrations, the MDA-MB-231 cells displayed, in a dose-dependent manner, enhanced morphological and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, phosphatidylserine exposure, caspase activity, and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, assessed using phase-contrast microscopy, fluorescence-activated single-cell sorting analysis, Image-iT™ live caspase, and mitochondrial transition pore opening activity, respectively. Anticancer target prediction and molecular docking studies revealed the inhibitory activity of a few A. fragrantissima flower dichloromethane extract-derived metabolites against carbonic anhydrase IX, an enzyme reported for its anti-apoptotic properties. In conclusion, these findings suggest promising therapeutic values of the A. fragrantissima flower dichloromethane extract against TNBC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Alshuail
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Alehaideb
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Alghamdi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Suliman
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Al-Eidi
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Almutairi
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alwhibi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alghanem
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Alamro
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alghamdi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabine Matou-Nasri
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-11-429-4444 (ext. 94535); Fax: +966-11-429-4440
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Liu J, He M, Wang Z, Li Q, Xu B. Current Research Status of Metronomic Chemotherapy in Combination Treatment of Breast Cancer. Oncol Res Treat 2022; 45:681-692. [PMID: 35988534 PMCID: PMC9677858 DOI: 10.1159/000526481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT), termed sustained low-dose administration with minimal toxicity, is a new modality of conventional chemotherapy, a verified therapy alternative, and has acquired significant recognition and interest in oncology. Numerous clinical trials of MCT in combination with other treatments, including targeted therapies, biologics, and endocrine therapy, are in progress to obtain better results. SUMMARY We comprehensively described the clinical benefits of MCT in combination with other treatments in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and assessed the feasibility of its adoption in varying phases of treatment. Due to the promising preclinical and clinical investigations, it is expected that MCT in combination with other treatments will enhance the advantages of this strategy and apply it to clinical practice. KEY MESSAGE MCT, in combination with other therapeutic interventions, will fully exploit the benefits of this strategy, ushering in a new paradigm in oncology treatment and driving the transformation of cancer into a more manageable chronic disease using newly developed treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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An Integrated In Silico, In Vitro and Tumor Tissues Study Identified Selenoprotein S (SELENOS) and Valosin-Containing Protein (VCP/p97) as Novel Potential Associated Prognostic Biomarkers in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030646. [PMID: 35158912 PMCID: PMC8833666 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a clinical challenge because its early relapse, poor overall survival and lack of effective treatments. Altered levels selenoproteins have been correlated with development and progression of some cancers, however, no consistent data are available about their involvement in TNBC. Here we analyzed the expression profile of all twenty-five human selenoproteins in TNBC cells and tissues by a systematic approach, integrating in silico and wet lab approaches. We showed that the expression profiles of five selenoproteins are specifically dysregulated in TNBC. Most importantly, by a bioinformatics analysis, we selected selenoprotein S and its interacting protein valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97) as inter-related with the others and whose coordinated over-expression is associated with poor prognosis in TNBC. Overall, we highlighted two mechanistically related novel proteins whose correlated expression could be exploited for a better definition of prognosis as well as suggested as novel therapeutic target in TNBC. Abstract Background. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors with early relapse, poor overall survival, and lack of effective treatments. Hence, new prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are needed. Methods. The expression profile of all twenty-five human selenoproteins was analyzed in TNBC by a systematic approach.In silicoanalysis was performed on publicly available mRNA expression datasets (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, CCLE and Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures, LINCS). Reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis evaluated selenoprotein mRNA expression in TNBC versus non-TNBC and normal breast cells, and in TNBC tissues versus normal counterparts. Immunohistochemistry was employed to study selenoproteins in TNBC tissues. STRING and Cytoscape tools were used for functional and network analysis. Results.GPX1, GPX4, SELENOS, TXNRD1 and TXNRD3 were specifically overexpressed in TNBC cells, tissues and CCLE/LINCS datasets. Network analysis demonstrated that SELENOS-binding valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97) played a critical hub role in the TNBCselenoproteins sub-network, being directly associated with SELENOS expression. The combined overexpression of SELENOS and VCP/p97 correlated with advanced stages and poor prognosis in TNBC tissues and the TCGA dataset. Conclusion. Combined evaluation of SELENOS and VCP/p97 might represent a novel potential prognostic signature and a therapeutic target to be exploited in TNBC.
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Correlation of Clinicopathological Features of Breast Cancer with Molecular Subtypes Taking Ki-67 into Consideration: Single Institution Experience Over 5 Years. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2021; 47:348-352. [PMID: 35003765 PMCID: PMC8679147 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.47.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular classification of breast cancer is commonly done to determine response to therapy and cancer prognosis. Aim of the study was to compare prevalence of molecular subtypes of breast cancer in our institute using immunohistochemistry, including Ki-67, and correlate it with clinical and pathological prognostic factors. RESULTS 300 cases of invasive breast cancer were included in the study. Average age at time of diagnosis was 44 years and average size of tumor was 3.4cms. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histological type (75.3%). The most common molecular subtype was triple negative (34.3%) followed by Luminal B (33.4%), luminal A (17%) and Her-2 positive (15.3%). Large size and poorly differentiated tumors were predominantly triple negative tumors while lymph node metastasis was most commonly seen in Her-2 positive tumors. CONCLUSION Molecular subtype of breast carcinoma should routinely be done for all cases of carcinoma breast as it allows to identify aggressive tumors and target therapy accordingly.
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Dhanushkodi M, Raj H. Chemotherapy and Hormone Refractory Advanced Breast Cancer: Excellent Response to Oral Etoposide. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-019-0336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Chue BMF, La Course BD. Can we cure stage IV triple-negative breast carcinoma?: Another case report of long-term survival (7 years). Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17251. [PMID: 31567994 PMCID: PMC6756617 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Triple-negative breast cancer has a dismal prognosis, especially once it has spread to other organs, due to the lack of effective treatments available at this time. Finding an effective treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer remains an unmet medical need. PATIENT CONCERNS A 60-year-old woman was diagnosed with stage IIIC triple-negative breast cancer after undergoing a mastectomy. Her mastectomy was followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Approximately 1 year later, the patient presented with enlarging lymph nodes in her neck. A biopsy of a left supraclavicular lymph node was positive for recurrent disease. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography scans performed after the biopsy showed metabolic activity in the T6 vertebral body and the right level IIB lymph nodes. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with recurrent metastatic triple-negative breast carcinoma with metastases to the bone and lymph nodes. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with weekly metronomic chemotherapy, sequential chemotherapy regimens, and immunotherapy. OUTCOMES The patient is now 68 years old and 7 years out from her diagnosis of metastatic disease. She achieved a complete response to her treatment and routine scans continue to show no evidence of recurrent disease. LESSONS Utilizing sequential weekly metronomic chemotherapy regimens in combination with immunotherapy looks to be a promising treatment option for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast carcinoma. This is a second case where we were able to achieve long-term remission by using the above treatment strategy. These exciting results warrant further investigation of this treatment methodology. We hope that the treatment strategy described in this article can provide an outline for researchers and give patients with this disease more treatment options.
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