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Guo X, Wang D, Xiao Y, Cao H, Yao D, Chen G, Li S, Wang G, Tu J, Liu Y. Artificial aging conditions for Artemisia argyi leaves based on quality-inflammation-quality marker transformation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155574. [PMID: 38643715 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate conditions for storage of Artemisia argyi leaves reduce irritation during treatment and increase the active ingredient content. Naturally aged A. argyi leaves (≥1 year) are optimal for moxibustion; however, this process is time-consuming and costly. A comprehensive understanding of the conditions for artificial aging of A. argyi leaves and the mechanism of quality-marker conversion are required to guarantee A. argyi quality and moxibustion efficacy. OBJECTIVE To identify the optimal conditions for artificial aging of A. argyi leaves and clarify the mechanism of quality-marker conversion. METHOD Gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), colorimeter (CD), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to determine the chemical composition of A. argyi leaves before and after artificial and natural (1 year) aging and to determine the optimal artificial aging conditions. The effects of both artificially and naturally aged A. argyi leaves were then evaluated in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC). The main chemical components of aged A. argyi leaves were then analyzed to determine quality-markers and the transformation mechanism. RESULTS Comprehensive analysis of volatile and non-volatile components, color values, and characteristic near-infrared spectra revealed that the quality of artificially aged A. argyi leaves was similar to that of naturally aged A. argyi leaves. In the mouse model, artificially and naturally aged A. argyi leaves not only improved the symptoms of UC with the same therapeutic effects, but also safeguarded the barrier of the colonic mucosa and prevented the release of colitis-related substances. In addition, the content of caffeic acid converted from L-phenylalanine in A. argyi leaves increased during the aging process. CONCLUSION Conditions for artificial aging of A. argyi leaves were identified for the first time, and the equivalent efficacy of artificially aged A. argyi leaves and naturally aged A. argyi leaves for improving UC was confirmed. This method for artificial aging of A. argyi leaves not only reduces the time and cost associated with this process, but also provides technical support to ensure the quality and stability of artificially aged A. argyi leaves. In addition, caffeic acid was identified as a potential quality-marker for establishing standards and specifications for aging A. argyi leaves for the first time, and its possible transformation mechanism was preliminarily elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - DongPeng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangxin Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huangliang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ding Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gaoyuan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuiqing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangzhong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430070, China; Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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HAO F, WANG Q, LIU L, WU L, CAI R, SANG J, HU J, WANG J, YU Q, HE L, SHEN Y, MIAO Y, HU L, WU Z. Effect of moxibustion on autophagy and the inflammatory response of synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis model rat. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:73-82. [PMID: 35294125 PMCID: PMC10164637 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20210324.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of moxibustion on synovitis and the autophagy of synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, model group, moxibustion group, cigarette moxibustion group, and medicine group, with eight rats included in each group. The RA model was established by subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the left posterior toe. Rats in the model group were not interfered with. In the moxibustion group, rats were treated by moxibustion, where a 1-cm diameter moxa stick was applied at the left Zusanli (ST 36) point. The distance of the moxa stick to the skin was 2 cm and moxibustion was completed for 20 min daily for 15 d total. In the cigarette moxibustion group, the moxa stick was replaced by a common cigarette. In the medicine group, rats were treated with a tripterygium glycoside suspension (8 mg/kg) once a day for 15 d total. In each group, the left hind limb toe volume was measured with a toe volume meter; the synovial cells were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-23, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were detected by Westergren sedimentation rate testing; the C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels in serum were detected by rate nephelometry; the expression levels of ULK1, autophagy-associated protein (Atg)3, Atg5, and Atg12 messenger RNA (mRNA) in synovium were detected by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); and the protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), LC3-II, beclin-1, phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K), p-Akt, p-mTOR in synovium were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Among the RA model rats, joint swelling, an inflammatory reaction, and the proliferation of synovial tissue were obvious and the signal of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was active, while autophagy was inhibited. Moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) or intragastric administration of Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides could alleviate the inflammatory reaction of RA rats; relieve the swelling of the toes; downregulate the levels of ESR, CRF, RF; lower the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17; and increase the IL-4 and IL-10. At the same time, the mRNA expression levels of ULK1, Atg3, Atg5, and Atg12 and those of LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were increased, while the PI3K, Akt, mTOR, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR were decreased. Cigarette moxibustion did not significantly reduce the swelling of the toe joint in RA rats, and was not as good as that of moxibustion or Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides in the effects of inflammation relief and the influences of the levels of ESR, CRF, RF. While cigarette moxibustion has a weak effect to affect the expression of corresponding molecules in autophages and the expression level of the autophagy biomaker in synovial tissue. Moxibustion and tripterygium glycosides can significantly reduce the joint swelling, relieve synovitis and synovial hyperplasia, and inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to increase autophagy in a manner superior to cigarette moxibustion. CONCLUSION Moxibustion can limit the proliferation of synoviocytes in RA rats by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, promoting autophagy, effectively reducing synovitis, and alleviating joint swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng HAO
- 1 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- 2 Translational Medicine Research Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiang WANG
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Lei LIU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Libin WU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ronglin CAI
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jiajia SANG
- 6 Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun HU
- 7 The first clinical medical college of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie WANG
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Qing YU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Lu HE
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yingchao SHEN
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Yiming MIAO
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Ling HU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Zijian WU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
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HAO F, WANG Q, LIU L, WU L, CAI R, SANG J, HU J, WANG J, YU Q, HE L, SHEN Y, MIAO Y, HU L, WU Z. Effect of moxibustion on autophagy and the inflammatory response of synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis model rat. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:73-82. [PMID: 35294125 PMCID: PMC10164637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of moxibustion on synovitis and the autophagy of synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, model group, moxibustion group, cigarette moxibustion group, and medicine group, with eight rats included in each group. The RA model was established by subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the left posterior toe. Rats in the model group were not interfered with. In the moxibustion group, rats were treated by moxibustion, where a 1-cm diameter moxa stick was applied at the left Zusanli (ST 36) point. The distance of the moxa stick to the skin was 2 cm and moxibustion was completed for 20 min daily for 15 d total. In the cigarette moxibustion group, the moxa stick was replaced by a common cigarette. In the medicine group, rats were treated with a tripterygium glycoside suspension (8 mg/kg) once a day for 15 d total. In each group, the left hind limb toe volume was measured with a toe volume meter; the synovial cells were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-23, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were detected by Westergren sedimentation rate testing; the C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels in serum were detected by rate nephelometry; the expression levels of ULK1, autophagy-associated protein (Atg)3, Atg5, and Atg12 messenger RNA (mRNA) in synovium were detected by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); and the protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), LC3-II, beclin-1, phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K), p-Akt, p-mTOR in synovium were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Among the RA model rats, joint swelling, an inflammatory reaction, and the proliferation of synovial tissue were obvious and the signal of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was active, while autophagy was inhibited. Moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) or intragastric administration of Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides could alleviate the inflammatory reaction of RA rats; relieve the swelling of the toes; downregulate the levels of ESR, CRF, RF; lower the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17; and increase the IL-4 and IL-10. At the same time, the mRNA expression levels of ULK1, Atg3, Atg5, and Atg12 and those of LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were increased, while the PI3K, Akt, mTOR, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR were decreased. Cigarette moxibustion did not significantly reduce the swelling of the toe joint in RA rats, and was not as good as that of moxibustion or Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides in the effects of inflammation relief and the influences of the levels of ESR, CRF, RF. While cigarette moxibustion has a weak effect to affect the expression of corresponding molecules in autophages and the expression level of the autophagy biomaker in synovial tissue. Moxibustion and tripterygium glycosides can significantly reduce the joint swelling, relieve synovitis and synovial hyperplasia, and inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to increase autophagy in a manner superior to cigarette moxibustion. CONCLUSION Moxibustion can limit the proliferation of synoviocytes in RA rats by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, promoting autophagy, effectively reducing synovitis, and alleviating joint swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng HAO
- 1 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- 2 Translational Medicine Research Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiang WANG
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Lei LIU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Libin WU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ronglin CAI
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jiajia SANG
- 6 Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun HU
- 7 The first clinical medical college of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie WANG
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Qing YU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Lu HE
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yingchao SHEN
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Yiming MIAO
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Ling HU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Zijian WU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
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Zou J, Wang W, Xie X. Analysis of the effect of moxibustion combined with anti-sensitive and antispasmodic decoction on immunoglobulin in children with cough variant asthma. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2021; 74:90-92. [PMID: 34264047 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.21.06397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiru Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Daqing Longnan Hospital (The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College), Daqing, China
| | - Weilie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Daqing Longnan Hospital (The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College), Daqing, China -
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Xie Z, Zhang Y, Yang YT, Su Y, Zhang H. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by a traditional Chinese medicine treatment- moxibustion. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 84:127-130. [PMID: 32865256 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan 2nd Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan 2nd Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Su
- Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen and the 5th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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