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WEI X, LI L, ZHANG Y, SHU Q, WANG S, CHEN P, HU L, YU Q, CAI R. Electroacupuncture preconditioning alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus- interposed nucleus nerve pathway. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:379-388. [PMID: 35610007 PMCID: PMC9924790 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) participates in regulation of the anti-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and whether this is achieved through the PVN-interposed nucleus (IN) neural pathway. METHODS The modeling method of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury was achieved by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in Sprague-Dawley rats. We used the Powerlab multi-channel physiological recorder system to record electro-cardiograms and analyze the changes in ST segment displacement; 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to observe the percentage of myocardial infarction areas. Detecting cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum was done with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Morphological changes in the myocardium were detected in each group with hematoxylin-eosin staining of paraffin sections. Detection of c-fos protein expression in the PVN of the hypothalamus was done with the immune-ofluorescence method. The Plexon multi-channel acquisition system recorded PVN neuron discharges and local field potentials in each group of rats. Offline Sorter software was used for cluster analysis. Neuro Explorer software was used to perform autocorrelation, raster and frequency characteristics and spectral energy analysis of neuron signals in each group. RESULTS Compared with the MIRI model group, the areas of myocardial infarction in the EA group were significantly reduced; the expression of cTnI, LDH in serum was decreased significantly. The firing frequency of pyramidal cells in the PVN was significantly increased and the spectrum energy map showed energy was reduced, c-fos expression in PVN was reduced, this indicated that neuronal activity in the PVN participates in the effect of EA improving myocardial injury. In addition, we used the kainic acid method to lesion the IN and observed that the effect of EA was weakened. For example, the area of myocardial infarction of lesion IN + EA group in rats was significantly increased compared with that resulting from EA group, the expression of cTnI, LDH in serum was significantly increased, the firing frequency of pyramidal cells in the PVN was significantly reduced. A spectral energy diagram shows that the energy after damage was higher than that of EA group. At the same time, the expression of c-fos in the PVN increased again. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the PVN-IN nerve pathway may participate as an effective pathway of EA to improve the effect of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong WEI
- 1 Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Liaoyuan LI
- 1 Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yating ZHANG
- 1 Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Qi SHU
- 1 Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Shuaiya WANG
- 1 Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Pianpian CHEN
- 1 Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ling HU
- 2 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Fundamentals and Techniques of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Qing YU
- 2 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Fundamentals and Techniques of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Prof. CAI Ronglin, Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Ronglin CAI
- 2 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Fundamentals and Techniques of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Prof. CAI Ronglin, Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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HAO F, WANG Q, LIU L, WU L, CAI R, SANG J, HU J, WANG J, YU Q, HE L, SHEN Y, MIAO Y, HU L, WU Z. Effect of moxibustion on autophagy and the inflammatory response of synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis model rat. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:73-82. [PMID: 35294125 PMCID: PMC10164637 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20210324.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of moxibustion on synovitis and the autophagy of synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, model group, moxibustion group, cigarette moxibustion group, and medicine group, with eight rats included in each group. The RA model was established by subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the left posterior toe. Rats in the model group were not interfered with. In the moxibustion group, rats were treated by moxibustion, where a 1-cm diameter moxa stick was applied at the left Zusanli (ST 36) point. The distance of the moxa stick to the skin was 2 cm and moxibustion was completed for 20 min daily for 15 d total. In the cigarette moxibustion group, the moxa stick was replaced by a common cigarette. In the medicine group, rats were treated with a tripterygium glycoside suspension (8 mg/kg) once a day for 15 d total. In each group, the left hind limb toe volume was measured with a toe volume meter; the synovial cells were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-23, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were detected by Westergren sedimentation rate testing; the C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels in serum were detected by rate nephelometry; the expression levels of ULK1, autophagy-associated protein (Atg)3, Atg5, and Atg12 messenger RNA (mRNA) in synovium were detected by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); and the protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), LC3-II, beclin-1, phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K), p-Akt, p-mTOR in synovium were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Among the RA model rats, joint swelling, an inflammatory reaction, and the proliferation of synovial tissue were obvious and the signal of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was active, while autophagy was inhibited. Moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) or intragastric administration of Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides could alleviate the inflammatory reaction of RA rats; relieve the swelling of the toes; downregulate the levels of ESR, CRF, RF; lower the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17; and increase the IL-4 and IL-10. At the same time, the mRNA expression levels of ULK1, Atg3, Atg5, and Atg12 and those of LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were increased, while the PI3K, Akt, mTOR, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR were decreased. Cigarette moxibustion did not significantly reduce the swelling of the toe joint in RA rats, and was not as good as that of moxibustion or Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides in the effects of inflammation relief and the influences of the levels of ESR, CRF, RF. While cigarette moxibustion has a weak effect to affect the expression of corresponding molecules in autophages and the expression level of the autophagy biomaker in synovial tissue. Moxibustion and tripterygium glycosides can significantly reduce the joint swelling, relieve synovitis and synovial hyperplasia, and inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to increase autophagy in a manner superior to cigarette moxibustion. CONCLUSION Moxibustion can limit the proliferation of synoviocytes in RA rats by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, promoting autophagy, effectively reducing synovitis, and alleviating joint swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng HAO
- 1 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- 2 Translational Medicine Research Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiang WANG
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Lei LIU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Libin WU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ronglin CAI
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jiajia SANG
- 6 Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun HU
- 7 The first clinical medical college of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie WANG
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Qing YU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Lu HE
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yingchao SHEN
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Yiming MIAO
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Ling HU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Zijian WU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
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HAO F, WANG Q, LIU L, WU L, CAI R, SANG J, HU J, WANG J, YU Q, HE L, SHEN Y, MIAO Y, HU L, WU Z. Effect of moxibustion on autophagy and the inflammatory response of synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis model rat. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:73-82. [PMID: 35294125 PMCID: PMC10164637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of moxibustion on synovitis and the autophagy of synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, model group, moxibustion group, cigarette moxibustion group, and medicine group, with eight rats included in each group. The RA model was established by subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the left posterior toe. Rats in the model group were not interfered with. In the moxibustion group, rats were treated by moxibustion, where a 1-cm diameter moxa stick was applied at the left Zusanli (ST 36) point. The distance of the moxa stick to the skin was 2 cm and moxibustion was completed for 20 min daily for 15 d total. In the cigarette moxibustion group, the moxa stick was replaced by a common cigarette. In the medicine group, rats were treated with a tripterygium glycoside suspension (8 mg/kg) once a day for 15 d total. In each group, the left hind limb toe volume was measured with a toe volume meter; the synovial cells were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-23, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were detected by Westergren sedimentation rate testing; the C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels in serum were detected by rate nephelometry; the expression levels of ULK1, autophagy-associated protein (Atg)3, Atg5, and Atg12 messenger RNA (mRNA) in synovium were detected by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); and the protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), LC3-II, beclin-1, phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K), p-Akt, p-mTOR in synovium were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Among the RA model rats, joint swelling, an inflammatory reaction, and the proliferation of synovial tissue were obvious and the signal of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was active, while autophagy was inhibited. Moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) or intragastric administration of Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides could alleviate the inflammatory reaction of RA rats; relieve the swelling of the toes; downregulate the levels of ESR, CRF, RF; lower the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17; and increase the IL-4 and IL-10. At the same time, the mRNA expression levels of ULK1, Atg3, Atg5, and Atg12 and those of LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were increased, while the PI3K, Akt, mTOR, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR were decreased. Cigarette moxibustion did not significantly reduce the swelling of the toe joint in RA rats, and was not as good as that of moxibustion or Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides in the effects of inflammation relief and the influences of the levels of ESR, CRF, RF. While cigarette moxibustion has a weak effect to affect the expression of corresponding molecules in autophages and the expression level of the autophagy biomaker in synovial tissue. Moxibustion and tripterygium glycosides can significantly reduce the joint swelling, relieve synovitis and synovial hyperplasia, and inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to increase autophagy in a manner superior to cigarette moxibustion. CONCLUSION Moxibustion can limit the proliferation of synoviocytes in RA rats by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, promoting autophagy, effectively reducing synovitis, and alleviating joint swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng HAO
- 1 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- 2 Translational Medicine Research Center of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiang WANG
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Lei LIU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Libin WU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ronglin CAI
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jiajia SANG
- 6 Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine/Jiangsu Province of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun HU
- 7 The first clinical medical college of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie WANG
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Qing YU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Lu HE
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yingchao SHEN
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Yiming MIAO
- 3 Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Ling HU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Zijian WU
- 4 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- 5 Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
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