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Saenko V, Mitsutake N. Radiation-Related Thyroid Cancer. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:1-29. [PMID: 37450579 PMCID: PMC10765163 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is an environmental factor that elevates the risk of developing thyroid cancer. Actual and possible scenarios of exposures to external and internal radiation are multiple and diverse. This article reviews radiation doses to the thyroid and corresponding cancer risks due to planned, existing, and emergency exposure situations, and medical, public, and occupational categories of exposures. Any exposure scenario may deliver a range of doses to the thyroid, and the risk for cancer is addressed along with modifying factors. The consequences of the Chornobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents are described, summarizing the information on thyroid cancer epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis, clinicopathological characteristics, and genetic alterations. The Chornobyl thyroid cancers have evolved in time: becoming less aggressive and driver shifting from fusions to point mutations. A comparison of thyroid cancers from the 2 areas reveals numerous differences that cumulatively suggest the low probability of the radiogenic nature of thyroid cancers in Fukushima. In view of continuing usage of different sources of radiation in various settings, the possible ways of reducing thyroid cancer risk from exposures are considered. For external exposures, reasonable measures are generally in line with the As Low As Reasonably Achievable principle, while for internal irradiation from radioactive iodine, thyroid blocking with stable iodine may be recommended in addition to other measures in case of anticipated exposures from a nuclear reactor accident. Finally, the perspectives of studies of radiation effects on the thyroid are discussed from the epidemiological, basic science, and clinical points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Saenko
- Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Norisato Mitsutake
- Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Tondel M, Nordquist T, Isaksson M, Rääf C, Wålinder R. Dose-response analysis of protracted absorbed organ dose and site-specific cancer incidence in Sweden after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e277. [PMID: 38912388 PMCID: PMC11189684 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adult males in Sweden exhibit an increased risk of cancer associated with an increased absorbed dose to the colon from the Chernobyl accident. Methods A closed cohort, with information on hunter status, included all individuals living in northern Sweden in 1986. Complete annual information on exposure to 137Cs at the dwelling coordinate was available for a total of 2,104,101 individuals. A nested case-control method with four controls matched for year of cancer diagnosis and year of birth, was used. Individual absorbed organ doses were calculated between 1986 and 2020 including external and internal exposure. Hazard ratios (HR) per mGy with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for rural/nonrural habitat, education level and pre-Chernobyl cancer incidence 1980 to 1985. A total of 161,325 cancer cases in males and 144,439 in females were included. Results The adjusted HR per mGy for all cancer sites combined was 1.027 (95% CI = 1.022, 1.031) in males and 1.011 (95% CI = 1.006, 1.017) in females. In a post hoc analysis accounting for both remaining confounding from hunter lifestyle and the pre-Chernobyl cancer incidence by county, the adjusted HR per mGy for all cancer sites combined was 1.014 (95% CI = 1.009, 1.019) in males and 1.000 (95% CI = 0.994, 1.006) in females. The post hoc analysis suggested an increased risk of cancer in the colon, pancreas, and stomach, respectively, in males, and lymphoma in females. Conclusions Increased cancer risk estimates were found for some specific cancer sites but remaining uncontrolled confounding due to hunter lifestyle could not be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tondel
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordquist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Isaksson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Rääf
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Robert Wålinder
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Lee J, Jeong S, Lee HY, Park S, Jeong M, Jo YS. Comparative Analysis of Driver Mutations and Transcriptomes in Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Region of Residence in South Korea. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:720-729. [PMID: 37931624 PMCID: PMC10764997 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Radiation exposure is a well-known risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). South Korea has 24 nuclear reactors in operation; however, no molecular biological analysis has been performed on patients with PTC living near nuclear power plants. METHODS We retrospectively included patients with PTC (n=512) divided into three groups according to their place of residence at the time of operation: inland areas (n=300), coastal areas far from nuclear power plants (n=134), and nuclear power plant areas (n=78). After propensity score matching (1:1:1) by age, sex, and surgical procedure, the frequency of representative driver mutations and gene expression profiles were compared (n=50 per group). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), BRAF, thyroid differentiation, and radiation scores were calculated and compared. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in clinicopathological characteristics, including radiation exposure history and the frequency of incidentally discovered thyroid cancer, among the three groups. BRAFV600E mutation was most frequently detected in the groups, with no difference among the three groups. Furthermore, gene expression profiles showed no statistically significant difference. EMT and BRAF scores were higher in our cohort than in cohorts from Chernobyl tissue bank and The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Cancer; however, there was no difference according to the place of residence. Radiation scores were highest in the Chernobyl tissue bank but exhibited no difference according to the place of residence. CONCLUSION Differences in clinicopathological characteristics, frequency of representative driver mutations, and gene expression profiles were not observed according to patients' region of residence in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandee Lee
- Department of Surgery, Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonhyang Jeong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunmi Park
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meesson Jeong
- Radiation Effect Research Section, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Young Suk Jo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shimura H, Yokoya S, Suzuki S, Iwadate M, Suzuki S, Matsuzuka T, Suzuki S, Hayashi F, Nagao M, Ohira T, Yasumura S, Ohto H, Kamiya K. Confounding factors and biases involved in regional differences in the detection rate of thyroid cancer in the second-round Thyroid Ultrasound Examination: the Fukushima Health Management Survey. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:761-768. [PMID: 37429608 PMCID: PMC10516727 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In response to concerns about health due to radiation exposure, the Fukushima Prefecture launched the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination program for residents aged 0-18 years at the time of the earthquake. Herein, we considered the confounding factors involved in the regional differences in the development of thyroid cancer. In this study, the 242 065 individuals who participated in both first- and second-round surveys were classified into four groups by address according to their air radiation dose. The number of participants diagnosed as malignant or suspicious for malignancy by cytological examination were 17, 38, 10 and 4 with detection rates of 53.8, 27.8, 21.7 and 14.5 per 100 000 participants in Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Sex (P = 0.0400), age at the time of the primary examination (P < 0.0001) and interval between the first- and second-round surveys (P < 0.0001) were significantly different among the four regions, and these were suspected to be confounding factors affecting regional differences in malignant nodule detection rates. In addition, significant regional differences were observed in the participation rate in the confirmatory examination (P = 0.0037) and the fine needle aspiration cytology implementation rate (P = 0.0037), which could be potential biases. No significant regional differences in the detection of malignant nodules were found in the multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for the survey interval alone or for sex, age and survey interval. The confounding factors and biases identified in this study that may have important impacts on thyroid cancer detection rate should be fully considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shimura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University Fukushima School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Manabu Iwadate
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, 2-54-6 Takamicho, Haramachi-ku, Minamisoma City, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzuka
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Asahi University Hospital, 3-23, Hashimoto-cho, Gifu City, Gifu 500-8523, Japan
| | - Shinichi Suzuki
- Department of Thyroid Therapeutic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Hayashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagao
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima, University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Kato T, Yamada K, Hongyo T. Area Dose-Response and Radiation Origin of Childhood Thyroid Cancer in Fukushima Based on Thyroid Dose in UNSCEAR 2020/2021: High 131I Exposure Comparable to Chernobyl. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4583. [PMID: 37760552 PMCID: PMC10526940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The FMU and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) concluded that the high incidence of thyroid cancer after the Fukushima nuclear accident was not the result of radiation exposure, but rather might have been overdiagnosis based on the low thyroid dose estimated in the UNSCEAR 2020/2021 report. In this study, the origin of increased PTC in Fukushima was examined based on the thyroid dose estimated by UNSCEAR. The dose-response relationship of the incidence rate per person-years (PY) was analyzed for four areas in Fukushima prefecture via regression analysis. The linear response of the annual incidence rates to thyroid dose in the first six years showed that the dominant origin of childhood thyroid cancer was radiation exposure. Excess absolute risk (EAR) proportionally increased with thyroid dose, with an EAR/104 PY Gy of 143 (95%CI: 122, 165) in the second TUE (p < 0.001), which is approximately 50-100 times higher than the EAR/104 PY Gy ≒ 2.3 observed after the Chernobyl accident. This suggests an underestimation of the thyroid dose by UNSCEAR of approximately 1/50~1/100 compared with the thyroid dose for Chernobyl. The increased childhood thyroid cancer in Fukushima was found to arise from radioactive iodine exposure, which was comparable to that in Chernobyl.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tadashi Hongyo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
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De Cauwer H, Barten DG, Tin D, Mortelmans LJ, Ciottone GR, Somville F. 50 Years of Terrorism against the Nuclear Industry: A Review of 91 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database. Prehosp Disaster Med 2023; 38:199-206. [PMID: 36647742 PMCID: PMC10067068 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x2300002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The on-going Russo-Ukrainian war has resulted in a renewed global interest in the safety and security of nuclear installations and the possibility of nuclear disasters caused by warfare and terrorism.The objective of this study was to identify and characterize all documented terrorist attacks against nuclear transport, nuclear facilities, and nuclear scientists as reported to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) over a 50-year period. METHODS The GTD was searched for all terrorist attacks against nuclear facilities, nuclear scientists, nuclear transport, and other nuclear industry-related targets in the period from 1970-2020. Analyses were performed on temporal factors, location, target type, attack and weapon type, perpetrator type, number of casualties, and property value loss. RESULTS Ninety-one incidents that occurred from 1970 through 2020 were included. Incidents took place in 25 countries and nine world regions, with most (42; 46.1%) occurring in Western Europe.During these 50 years, 91 incidents resulted in 19 fatalities and 117 injuries. One perpetrator was killed during an incident and one other assailant was injured.Bombings and explosions were the most frequently identified attack type (n = 40; 44.0%), followed by facility/infrastructure damage (n = 24; 26.4%) and armed assaults and assassinations (both n = 7; 7.7%).Nuclear power plants and reactors under construction were targeted in 13 (14.3%) and eight (8.8%) incidents, respectively. Most of the attacks took place on other nuclear industry-related sites. CONCLUSION Terrorist attacks carried out by non-state perpetrators against nuclear facilities, nuclear scientists, nuclear transport, and other nuclear industry-related targets are rare, with only 91 incidents in a 50-year period. None of the attacks resulted in radioactive fallout or environmental contamination. Most of the attacks took place outside a nuclear power plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald De Cauwer
- Department of Neurology, Sint-Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dennis G Barten
- Department of Emergency Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Derrick Tin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MassachusettsUSA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Luc J Mortelmans
- Center for Research and Education in Emergency Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; REGEDIM, Free University Brussels, Belgium; Department of Emergency Medicine, ZNA Camp Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gregory R Ciottone
- Director, BIDMC Disaster Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsUSA
| | - Francis Somville
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ziekenhuis Geel, Geel, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; CREEC (Center for Research and Education in Emergency Care), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ishikawa T, Ohba T, Hasegawa A, Akahane K, Yasumura S, Kamiya K, Suzuki G. Comparison between external and internal doses to the thyroid after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:387-398. [PMID: 36715176 PMCID: PMC10036093 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the association between radiation dose and thyroid cancer after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, external doses have often been used because of the difficulty to estimate internal thyroid doses individually due to the lack of human data. However, no evaluation has been made as to whether external dose is a good surrogate marker for internal thyroid dose individually. This study aimed at analyzing the relationship between external doses and internal thyroid doses estimated by recently developed methodology. For four municipalities affected by the accident, 200 individuals aged under 20 at the time of the accident per municipality were randomly selected, and their external and internal thyroid doses and their ratios were estimated individually. In a separate analysis, median and arithmetic mean values for external thyroid doses estimated for persons of 16 municipalities that included the above four were compared with those for previously estimated internal thyroid doses. The ratios of the median of internal thyroid dose to that of external thyroid dose in these 16 municipalities ranged from 0.56 to 13.8 for 15-year-old children and 0.91 to 21.1 for 1-year-old children. No consistent relationship between external and internal thyroid doses was found in all 16 municipalities. Thus, thyroid doses from both external and internal exposures should be used to analyze the association between radiation dose and thyroid cancer detection rates for persons who lived in Fukushima Prefecture at the time of the FDNPP accident. (240).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Corresponding author. Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Tel: +8124-547-1924; Fax: +81-24-547-1256; E-mail:
| | - Takashi Ohba
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Arifumi Hasegawa
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahane
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Gen Suzuki
- International University of Health and Welfare Clinic, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
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Kruger E, Toraih EA, Hussein MH, Shehata SA, Waheed A, Fawzy MS, Kandil E. Thyroid Carcinoma: A Review for 25 Years of Environmental Risk Factors Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246172. [PMID: 36551665 PMCID: PMC9777404 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors are established contributors to thyroid carcinomas. Due to their known ability to cause cancer, exposure to several organic and inorganic chemical toxicants and radiation from nuclear weapons, fallout, or medical radiation poses a threat to global public health. Halogenated substances like organochlorines and pesticides can interfere with thyroid function. Like phthalates and bisphenolates, polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites, along with polybrominated diethyl ethers, impact thyroid hormones biosynthesis, transport, binding to target organs, and impair thyroid function. A deeper understanding of environmental exposure is crucial for managing and preventing thyroid cancer. This review aims to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kruger
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eman A. Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.A.T.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Mohammad H. Hussein
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shaimaa A. Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amani Waheed
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 1321, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (E.A.T.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Ishikawa T, Yasumura S, Akahane K, Yonai S, Sakai A, Kurihara O, Hosoya M, Sakata R, Ohira T, Ohto H, Kamiya K. External Doses Available for Epidemiological Studies Related to the Fukushima Health Management Survey: First 4-month Individual Doses and Municipality-average Doses for the First Year. J Epidemiol 2022; 32:S11-S22. [PMID: 36464295 PMCID: PMC9703927 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the components of the Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS) is the Basic Survey, which estimates individual external doses for the first 4 months after the 2011 nuclear power plant accident. However, external exposure continues long-term. According to estimations by international organizations, the external dose during the first year accounts for a significant part of the long-term dose. Thus, the present study was intended to estimate the first-year doses by extrapolating the Basic Survey results. METHODS For most municipalities of non-evacuated areas, ambient dose rate had been continuously measured for at least one designated point in each municipality after the accident. In the present study, a municipality-average dose received by residents for a period was assumed to be proportional to the ambient dose measured at the designated point of that municipality during the same period. Based on this assumption, 4-month municipality-average doses calculated from the Basic Survey results were extrapolated to obtain first-year doses. RESULTS The extrapolated first-year doses for 49 municipalities in the non-evacuated areas had a good correlation with those estimated by UNSCEAR, although the extrapolated doses were generally higher (slope of the regression line: 1.23). The extrapolated municipality-average doses were in reasonable agreement (within 30%) with personal dosimeter measurements, suggesting that the extrapolation was reasonable. CONCLUSION The present paper reports the first 4-month average doses for all 59 municipalities of Fukushima Prefecture and the extrapolated first-year doses for 49 municipalities. The extrapolated doses will be the basis for future epidemiological studies related to the FHMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahane
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yonai
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Osamu Kurihara
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ritsu Sakata
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Nakaya T, Takahashi K, Takahashi H, Yasumura S, Ohira T, Shimura H, Suzuki S, Suzuki S, Iwadate M, Yokoya S, Ohto H, Kamiya K. Revisiting the Geographical Distribution of Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Fukushima Prefecture: Analysis of Data From the Second- and Third-round Thyroid Ultrasound Examination. J Epidemiol 2022; 32:S76-S83. [PMID: 36464303 PMCID: PMC9703926 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the first-round (Preliminary Baseline Survey) ultrasound-based examination for thyroid cancer in response to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011, two rounds of surveys (Full-scale Survey) have been carried out in Fukushima Prefecture. Using the data from these surveys, the geographical distribution of thyroid cancer incidence over 6 or 7 years after the disaster was examined. METHODS Children and adolescents who underwent the ultrasound-based examinations in the second- and/or third-round (Full-scale) survey in addition to the first-round survey were included. With a discrete survival model, we computed age, sex, and body mass index standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for municipalities. Then, we employed spatial statistics to assess geographic clustering tendency in SIRs and Poisson regression to assess the association of SIRs with the municipal average absorbed dose to the thyroid gland at the 59-municipality level. RESULTS Throughout the second- and third-round surveys, 99 thyroid cancer cases were diagnosed in the study population of 252,502 individuals. Both flexibly shaped spatial scan statistics and maximized excess events test did not detect statistically significant spatial clustering (P = 0.17 and 0.54, respectively). Poisson regression showed no significant dose-response relationship: the estimated relative risks of lowest, middle-low, middle-high, and highest areas were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-2.59), 0.55 (95% CI, 0.31-0.97), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.79-1.40), and 1.24 (95% CI, 0.89-1.74). CONCLUSION There was no statistical support for geographic clustering or regional association with radiation dose measures of the thyroid cancer incidence in the cohort followed up to the third-round survey (fiscal years 2016-2017) in Fukushima Prefecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Iwadate
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Baig N, Shetty S, Habib SS, Husain AA, Al-Mousawi S, Alameddine B. Synthesis of Iron(II) Clathrochelate-Based Poly(vinylene sulfide) with Tetraphenylbenzene Bridging Units and Their Selective Oxidation into Their Corresponding Poly(vinylene sulfone) Copolymers: Promising Materials for Iodine Capture. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183727. [PMID: 36145872 PMCID: PMC9504420 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a simple and efficient synthetic methodology to engineer functional polymer materials for gas adsorption is necessary due to its relevance for various applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of metalorganic poly(vinylene sulfide) copolymers CTP1-3 with iron(II) clathrochelate of various side groups connected by tetraphenylbenzene units. CTP1-3 were subsequently oxidized into their respective poly(vinylene sulfone) copolymers CTP4-6 under green reaction conditions. The target copolymers CTP1-6 were characterized using various instrumental analysis techniques. Examination of the iodine adsorption properties of the copolymers revealed high iodine uptake properties, reaching 2360 mg g−1 for CTP2, and whose reusability tests proved its efficient regeneration, thus proving the importance of iron(II) clathrochelate polymers in iodine capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorullah Baig
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, GUST, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
| | - Suchetha Shetty
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, GUST, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
| | - Sameh S. Habib
- Department of Chemistry Kuwait City, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 12613, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Ali A. Husain
- Department of Chemistry Kuwait City, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 12613, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Saleh Al-Mousawi
- Department of Chemistry Kuwait City, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 12613, Safat 13060, Kuwait
- Correspondence: (S.A.-M.); (B.A.); Tel.: +965-2530-7111 (B.A.)
| | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, GUST, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
- Correspondence: (S.A.-M.); (B.A.); Tel.: +965-2530-7111 (B.A.)
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12
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Tsuda T, Miyano Y, Yamamoto E. Demonstrating the undermining of science and health policy after the Fukushima nuclear accident by applying the Toolkit for detecting misused epidemiological methods. Environ Health 2022; 21:77. [PMID: 36002833 PMCID: PMC9400325 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that science can be misused to hinder the resolution (i.e., the elimination and/or control) of a health problem. To recognize distorted and misapplied epidemiological science, a 33-item "Toolkit for detecting misused epidemiological methods" (hereinafter, the Toolkit) was published in 2021. Applying the Toolkit, we critically evaluated a review paper entitled, "Lessons learned from Chernobyl and Fukushima on thyroid cancer screening and recommendations in the case of a future nuclear accident" in Environment International in 2021, published by the SHAMISEN (Nuclear Emergency Situations - Improvement of Medical and Health Surveillance) international expert consortium. The article highlighted the claim that overdiagnosis of childhood thyroid cancers greatly increased the number of cases detected in ultrasound thyroid screening following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident. However, the reasons cited in the SHAMISEN review paper for overdiagnosis in mass screening lacked important information about the high incidence of thyroid cancers after the accident. The SHAMISEN review paper ignored published studies of screening results in unexposed areas, and included an invalid comparison of screenings among children with screenings among adults. The review omitted the actual state of screening in Fukushima after the nuclear accident, in which only nodules > 5 mm in diameter were examined. The growth rate of thyroid cancers was not slow, as emphasized in the SHAMISEN review paper; evidence shows that cancers detected in second-round screening grew to more than 5 mm in diameter over a 2-year period. The SHAMISEN consortium used an unfounded overdiagnosis hypothesis and misguided evidence to refute that the excess incidence of thyroid cancer was attributable to the nuclear accident, despite the findings of ongoing ultrasound screening for thyroid cancer in Fukushima and around Chernobyl. By our evaluation, the SHAMISEN review paper includes 20 of the 33 items in the Toolkit that demonstrate the misuse of epidemiology. The International Agency for Research on Cancer meeting in 2017 and its publication cited in the SHAMISEN review paper includes 12 of the 33 items in the Toolkit. Finally, we recommend a few enhancements to the Toolkit to increase its utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Tsuda
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Miyano
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Salh H, Külahcı F, Aközcan S. A mobile simulation and ARIMA modeling for prediction of air radiation dose rates. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Yamamoto H, Hayashi K, Scherb H. A comment on: 'Absorbed radiation doses in the thyroid as estimated by UNSCEAR and subsequent risk of childhood thyroid cancer following the Great East Japan'. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:420-424. [PMID: 33561205 PMCID: PMC8127645 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Yamamoto
- Osaka Red Cross Hospital attached facility of physically handicapped children, 5-30 Fudegasaki-cho, Tennouji-ku Osaka-Shi 543-8555 Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Hayashi
- Hayashi Children’s Clinic, 4-6-11-1F Nagata, Joto-ku Osaka-Shi 536-0022 Osaka, Japan
| | - Hagen Scherb
- Corresponding author: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. Tel: +49 8141 72892,
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15
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Ohira T, Shimura H, Yasumura S, Yokoya S, Ohto H, Kamiya K. Response to the Letter to the Editor: 'Absorbed radiation doses in the thyroid as estimated by UNSCEAR and subsequent risk of childhood thyroid cancer following the Great East Japan Earthquake', by Ohira et al. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:425-426. [PMID: 33693686 PMCID: PMC8127657 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ohira
- Corresponding author: Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. Tel +81-24-547-1344; Fax +81-24-547-1336; E-mail:
| | - Hiroki Shimura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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16
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Suzuki G. Communicating with residents about 10 years of scientific progress in understanding thyroid cancer risk in children after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station accident. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:i7-i14. [PMID: 33978170 PMCID: PMC8114208 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
After the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident in 2011, radiation-related risk of childhood thyroid cancer remains a matter of concern among residents living in areas affected by radioactive plumes. As a countermeasure to that, the Fukushima Prefectural Government-in conjunction with Fukushima Medical University-began the Fukushima Thyroid Examination (FTE) campaign in 2011. As 116 definite or suspected thyroid cancer cases were found after the first round of FTE and the total number of cases was >240 as of June 2020, residents' concerns have deepened. Some researchers claim that these cases are radiation-induced, while others claim a screening effect (because FTE uses high-resolution ultrasound equipment) and express concern about over-diagnosis. Researchers therefore must address two conflicting issues: one is to elucidate radiation effects on thyroid cancer, which requires continuation of FTE; the other is to solve ethical problems associated with FTE. As to over-diagnosis, surgeons claim that early diagnosis benefits children by reducing the side-effects of treatment and prolonging disease-free survival, while cancer epidemiologists claim that early diagnosis will result in overtreatment without reducing the death rate. 'To receive FTE or not' and 'to stop FTE or not' are ongoing dilemmas for children (and their parents) and other stakeholders, respectively. To facilitate building a consensus among stakeholders, I overview recent findings about dose reconstruction, the dose-response relationship of thyroid cancer, over-diagnosis, and the natural history of thyroid cancer, all of which contribute to judging the risk-benefit balance of thyroid screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Suzuki
- Corresponding author. International University of Health and Welfare Clinic, 2600-6, Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara city, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan 324-8501.Tel: +81-287-24-1001; Fax: +81-287-24-1003;
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17
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Song S, Shi Y, Liu N, Liu F. C[double bond, length as m-dash]N linked covalent organic framework for the efficient adsorption of iodine in vapor and solution. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10512-10523. [PMID: 35423582 PMCID: PMC8695655 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10587b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile nuclear wastes, such as iodine, have received worldwide attention because it poses risks to public safety and pollutes the environment. The efficient capture of radioactive iodine is of vital importance for the safe utilization of nuclear power. Herein, we report a series of stable covalent organic framework (COF) materials with high efficiency to capture radioactive iodine species. Results indicated that all COFs showed high iodine adsorption, which reached up to 5.82 g g-1 in vapor and 99.9 mg g-1 in solution, suggesting that all COFs can be an effective potential adsorbent for the removal of iodine. Furthermore, all COFs are renewable due to the excellent recycling performance. Moreover, all COFs are suitable for large-scale synthesis at room temperature, which have potential for practical applications. Theoretical calculations were also performed to analyze the relationship between iodine molecules and COFs, offering mechanisms underlying the potent adsorption abilities of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanan Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Yue Shi
- Gynecology and Oncology Department of the Second Hospital of Jilin University Ziqiang Street 218 Changchun 130000 China
| | - Ning Liu
- Gynecology and Oncology Department of the Second Hospital of Jilin University Ziqiang Street 218 Changchun 130000 China
| | - Fengqi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
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18
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Song S, Shi Y, Liu N, Liu F. Theoretical Screening and Experimental Synthesis of Ultrahigh-Iodine Capture Covalent Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10513-10523. [PMID: 33599122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive materials of nuclear waste would be hazardous to human health such as the reproductive and metabolic system. How to design a radioactive material adsorbent quickly and efficiently is still a great challenge. In this study, a strategy for the efficient design of a high-potential radioactive iodine uptake adsorbent by theoretical screening is proposed. The following experiments which use covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as demonstration have great agreement with the theoretical screening prediction. Three screened COFs show ultrahigh iodine adsorption, which reaches up to 6.4 g/g (640% in mass) in vapor and 99.9 mg/g in solution, owing to the pore size and the functional groups in COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanan Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Gynecology and Oncology Department of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street 218, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Gynecology and Oncology Department of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Ziqiang Street 218, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Fengqi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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Nutrient Imbalance of the Host Plant for Larvae of the Pale Grass Blue Butterfly May Mediate the Field Effect of Low-Dose Radiation Exposure in Fukushima: Dose-Dependent Changes in the Sodium Content. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020149. [PMID: 33572324 PMCID: PMC7916146 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The pale grass blue butterfly Zizeeria maha is sensitive to low-dose radioactive pollution from the Fukushima nuclear accident in the field but is also highly tolerant to radioactive cesium (137Cs) in an artificial diet in laboratory experiments. To resolve this field-laboratory paradox, we hypothesize that the butterfly shows vulnerability in the field through biochemical changes in the larval host plant, the creeping wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata, in response to radiation stress. To test this field-effect hypothesis, we examined nutrient contents in the host plant leaves from Tohoku (mostly polluted areas including Fukushima), Niigata, and Kyushu, Japan. Leaves from Tohoku showed significantly lower sodium and lipid contents than those from Niigata. In the Tohoku samples, the sodium content (but not the lipid content) was significantly negatively correlated with the radioactivity concentration of cesium (137Cs) in leaves and with the ground radiation dose. The sodium content was also correlated with other nutrient factors. These results suggest that the sodium imbalance of the plant may be caused by radiation stress and that this nutrient imbalance may be one of the reasons that this monophagous butterfly showed high mortality and morphological abnormalities in the field shortly after the accident in Fukushima.
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Cléro E, Ostroumova E, Demoury C, Grosche B, Kesminiene A, Liutsko L, Motreff Y, Oughton D, Pirard P, Rogel A, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Laurier D, Cardis E. Lessons learned from Chernobyl and Fukushima on thyroid cancer screening and recommendations in case of a future nuclear accident. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106230. [PMID: 33171378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of the thyroid gland to ionizing radiation at a young age is the main recognized risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer. After the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents, thyroid cancer screening was implemented mainly for children, leading to case over-diagnosis as seen in South Korea after the implementation of opportunistic screening (where subjects are recruited at healthcare sites). The aim of cancer screening is to reduce morbidity and mortality, but screening can also cause negative effects on health (with unnecessary treatment if over-diagnosis) and on quality of life. This paper from the SHAMISEN special issue (Nuclear Emergency Situations - Improvement of Medical And Health Surveillance) presents the principles of cancer screening, the lessons learned from thyroid cancer screening, as well as the knowledge on thyroid cancer incidence after exposure to iodine-131. The SHAMISEN Consortium recommends to envisage systematic health screening after a nuclear accident, only when appropriately justified, i.e. ensuring that screening will do more good than harm. Based on the experience of the Fukushima screening, the consortium does not recommend mass or population-based thyroid cancer screening, as the negative psychological and physical effects are likely to outweigh any possible benefit in affected populations; thyroid health monitoring should however be made available to persons who request it (regardless of whether they are at increased risk or not), accompanied with appropriate information and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enora Cléro
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Evgenia Ostroumova
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Demoury
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment Unit, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernd Grosche
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Munich, Germany
| | - Ausrele Kesminiene
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Liudmila Liutsko
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Deborah Oughton
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Aas, Norway
| | | | - Agnès Rogel
- Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - An Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Risk and Health Impact Assessment Unit, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Rangel-Pozzo A, Sisdelli L, Cordioli MIV, Vaisman F, Caria P, Mai S, Cerutti JM. Genetic Landscape of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Nuclear Architecture: An Overview Comparing Pediatric and Adult Populations. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3146. [PMID: 33120984 PMCID: PMC7693829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy in the pediatric population that is highly associated with disease aggressiveness and advanced disease stages when compared to adult population. The biological and molecular features underlying pediatric and adult thyroid cancer pathogenesis could be responsible for differences in the clinical presentation and prognosis. Despite this, the clinical assessment and treatments used in pediatric thyroid cancer are the same as those implemented for adults and specific personalized target treatments are not used in clinical practice. In this review, we focus on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which represents 80-90% of all differentiated thyroid carcinomas. PTC has a high rate of gene fusions and mutations, which can influence the histologic subtypes in both children and adults. This review also highlights telomere-related genomic instability and changes in nuclear organization as novel biomarkers for thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Luiza Sisdelli
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/EPM, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.I.V.C.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Maria Isabel V. Cordioli
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/EPM, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.I.V.C.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Fernanda Vaisman
- Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-000, Brazil;
| | - Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sabine Mai
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Janete M. Cerutti
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/EPM, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.I.V.C.); (J.M.C.)
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Kobashi Y, Sawano T, Ozaki A, Tsubokura M. Misunderstanding of the purpose and intermediate results of the Fukushima health management survey could impede progress in the radiation protection field. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2020; 40:924-927. [PMID: 32521526 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab9b65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Kobashi
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Jeong S, Kim IK, Kim H, Choi MJ, Lee J, Jo YS. Liver X Receptor β Related to Tumor Progression and Ribosome Gene Expression in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:656-668. [PMID: 32814418 PMCID: PMC7520597 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular lipid deposition has been reported in thyroid glands in obese animal and human. To understand the regulatory mechanism of lipid metabolism in thyroid cancer, we investigated the expression status of liver X receptor (LXR) and analyzed its clinicopathological characteristics and molecular biological features. METHODS Expression status of LXR and its transcriptional targets in human cancers were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The gene-sets related to high LXRβ expression was investigated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways and gene ontology biologic process. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed in thyroid cancer samples using our validation cohort. RESULTS In contrast to low expression of LXRα, LXRβ was highly expressed in thyroid cancer compared to the other types of human cancers. High LXRβ expression was correlated with the expression of LXRβ transcriptional targets genes, such as apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1), APOC2, apolipoprotein E (APOE), ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 8 (ABCG8), sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 1c (SREBP1c), and SPOT14. Furthermore, High LXRβ expression group indicated poor clinicopathological characteristics and aggressive molecular biological features independently from the drive mutation status. Mechanistically, high LXRβ expression was coordinately related to ribosome-related gene sets. CONCLUSION The mechanistic link between LXRβ and ribosomal activity will be addressed to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic targets in thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonhyang Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Department of Surgery, Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Jung Choi
- Department of Surgery, Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jandee Lee
- Department of Surgery, Open NBI Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Severance Hospital, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Suk Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Scherb H, Hayashi K. Spatiotemporal association of low birth weight with Cs-137 deposition at the prefecture level in Japan after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents: an analytical-ecologic epidemiological study. Environ Health 2020; 19:82. [PMID: 32646457 PMCID: PMC7346451 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal mortality increased in contaminated prefectures after the Fukushima Daichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accidents in Japan in 2011. Elevated counts of surgeries for cryptorchidism and congenital heart malformations were observed throughout Japan from 2012 onward. The thyroid cancer detection rate (2011 to 2016) was associated with the dose-rate at the municipality level in the Fukushima prefecture. Since the birth weight is a simple and objective indicator for gestational development and pregnancy outcome, the question arises whether the annual birth weight distribution was distorted in a dose-rate-dependent manner across Japan after Fukushima. METHODS The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare provides prefecture-specific annual counts for 26.158 million live births from 1995 to 2018, of which 2.366 million births (9.04%) with weights < 2500 g. Prefecture-specific spatiotemporal trends of the low birth weight proportions were analyzed. Logistic regression allowing for level-shifts from 2012 onward was employed to test whether those level-shifts were proportional to the prefecture-specific dose-rates derived from Cs-137 deposition in the 47 Japanese prefectures. RESULTS The overall trend of the low birth weight prevalence (LBWp) in Japan discloses a jump in 2012 with a jump odds ratio (OR) 1.020, 95%-confidence interval (1.003,1.037), p-value 0.0246. A logistic regression of LBWp on the additional dose-rate after the FDNPP accidents adjusted for prefecture-specific spatiotemporal base-line trends yields an OR per μSv/h of 1.098 (1.058, 1.139), p-value < 0.0001. Further adjusting the logistic regression for the annual population size and physician density of the prefectures, as well as for the counts of the dead, the missing, and the evacuees due to earthquake and tsunami (as surrogate measures for medical infrastructure and stress) yields an OR per μSv/h of 1.109 (1.032, 1.191), p-value 0.0046. CONCLUSIONS This study shows increased low birth weight prevalence related to the Cs-137 deposition and the corresponding additional dose-rate in Japan from 2012 onward. Previous evidence suggesting compromised gestational development and pregnancy outcome under elevated environmental ionizing radiation exposure is corroborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Scherb
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Keiji Hayashi
- Hayashi Children’s Clinic, 4-6-11-1F Nagata, Joto-ku Osaka-Shi, Osaka, 536-0022 Japan
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Shimura H, Yokoya S, Kamiya K. An Accurate Picture of Fukushima's Thyroid Ultrasound Examination Program. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020; 144:797. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0465-le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shimura
- Radiation Medical Science Center and Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center and Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center and Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Thyroid carcinoma in children, adolescents, and young adults in Brazil: A report from 11 population-based cancer registries. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232416. [PMID: 32357198 PMCID: PMC7194432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing incidence of thyroid cancer has been described worldwide. Overdiagnosis, improved imaging, and increased environmental risk factors have contributed to the rising incidence. The objective of this study was to analyze the population incidence rate and trends during the period of 2000–2013 in children, adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in Brazil. Methods Data were extracted from 11 population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) encompassing the five geographic regions of Brazil. Incidence rates per million in children (0–14) and AYAs (15–39) according to world population were analyzed according to sex, age, and type of carcinoma. Incidence trends were evaluated using joinpoint regression. Results During 2000 to 2013, we identified 11,081 children and AYAs (0–39 years) with thyroid carcinoma in 11 PBCRs, with an age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of 42 cases per million. Females had a higher AAIR of 66 cases per million versus 14 cases per million in males. Age-specific incidence rate (ASR) increased with age. Geographic variation was also observed; the Midwest and Southeast regions had the highest ASR in all age groups. The lowest ASR in all age groups was seen in the North region. Papillary subtype was the most common. Overall, the incidence rates in children and AYAs significantly increased from 0.2 in 2000 to 2.8 in 2013 and from 47.1 to 115.3, respectively, with an annual average percent change of 18.8 [8.1; 30.6] for children and 7.9 [CI 5.6; 10.3] for AYAs. Conclusions Rates of thyroid cancer, particularly the papillary subtype, are steadily increasing in children and AYAs, especially among females. There are variations among geographic areas. This increased incidence is unlikely to be explained by screening, as children less than 14 years of age do not typically undergo medical surveillance. Environmental risk factors must be investigated.
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Ohira T, Shimura H, Hayashi F, Nagao M, Yasumura S, Takahashi H, Suzuki S, Matsuzuka T, Suzuki S, Iwadate M, Ishikawa T, Sakai A, Suzuki S, Nollet KE, Yokoya S, Ohto H, Kamiya K. Absorbed radiation doses in the thyroid as estimated by UNSCEAR and subsequent risk of childhood thyroid cancer following the Great East Japan Earthquake. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:243-248. [PMID: 32030428 PMCID: PMC7246065 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of thyroid cancers among children after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident propelled concerns regarding long-term radiation effects on thyroid cancer in children affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima, Japan. Herein we consider the potential association between absorbed dose in the thyroid and the risk of developing thyroid cancer as detected by ultrasonography on 300 473 children and adolescents aged 0-18 years in Fukushima. The absorbed dose mentioned in the present study indicates the sum of that from external exposure and that from internally deposited radionuclides. We grouped participants according to estimated absorbed doses in each of 59 municipalities in Fukushima Prefecture, based on The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2013 report. The 59 municipalities were assigned to quartiles by dose. We limited our analyses to participants aged ≥6 years because only one case of thyroid cancer was observed in participants aged ≤5 years; 164 299 participants were included in the final analysis. Compared with the lowest dose quartile, the age- and sex-adjusted rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the low-middle, high-middle and highest quartiles were 2.00 (0.84-4.80), 1.34 (0.50-3.59) and 1.42 (0.55-3.67) for the 6-14-year-old groups and 1.99 (0.70-5.70), 0.54 (0.13-2.31) and 0.51 (0.12-2.15) for the >15-year-old group, respectively. No dose-dependent pattern emerged from the geographical distribution of absorbed doses by municipality, as estimated by UNSCEAR, and the detection of thyroid cancer among participants within 4-6 years after the accident. Ongoing surveillance might further clarify the effects of low-dose radiation exposure on thyroid cancer in Fukushima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. Tel: +81-24-547-1344; Fax: +81-24-547-1336;
| | - Hiroki Shimura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Hayashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagao
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzuka
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Iwadate
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenneth E Nollet
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Relationship between environmental radiation and radioactivity and childhood thyroid cancer found in Fukushima health management survey. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4074. [PMID: 32139763 PMCID: PMC7058088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental radioactive contamination caused by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident has aroused great concern regarding a possible increase in the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer. The ultrasound examinations were conducted immediately after the accident as part of the Fukushima Health Management Survey (FHMS), which is divided into the preliminary baseline survey (PBLS) and the full-scale survey (FSS). Some of their outcomes are reported regularly and made available to the public. We have detailed measurements of the air-dose rates and radioactive elements in soil in many places all over the Fukushima prefecture. To study the dose-response relationship, we begin with the assumption that the external and internal doses are correlated with the air-dose rate and the amount of 131I in soil, respectively. We then investigate the relationship between these estimated doses and the PBLS and FSS thyroid cancer cases. Our analysis shows that the dose-response curve with the FSS data clearly differs from that with the PBLS data. Finally, we consider the potential mitigating effects of evacuation from highly contaminated areas in both external and internal exposure scenarios.
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Ohba T, Ishikawa T, Nagai H, Tokonami S, Hasegawa A, Suzuki G. Reconstruction of residents' thyroid equivalent doses from internal radionuclides after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3639. [PMID: 32107431 PMCID: PMC7046762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is concern among residents that their children might suffer from thyroid cancer in the near future after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station (FDNPS) accident. However, the demographic and geographical distribution of thyroid equivalent doses was not thoroughly evaluated, and direct thyroid measurements were conducted only for 1,200 children, whose individual thyroid doses were assessed on the basis of those measurements accounting for the dynamics of radioiodine intake. We conducted hierarchical clustering analyses of 100 or 300 randomly sampled behavioural questionnaire sheets of children from each of seven municipalities in the evacuation area to reconstruct evacuation scenarios associated with high or low exposures to plumes. In total 896 behaviour records in the Fukushima Health Management Survey were analysed to estimate thyroid equivalent doses via inhalation, using a spatiotemporal radionuclides concentration database constructed by atmospheric dispersion simulations. After a decontamination factor for sheltering and a modifying factor for the dose coefficient—to reflect lower iodine uptake rate in Japanese—were applied, estimated thyroid equivalent doses were close to those estimated from direct thyroid measurement. The median and 95th percentile of thyroid equivalent doses of 1-year-old children ranged from 0.6 to 16 mSv and from 7.5 to 30 mSv, respectively. These results are useful for future epidemiological studies of thyroid cancer in Fukushima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohba
- Department of Radiation Health Management, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, 9601295, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Radiation Medical Science Centre for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, 9601295, Japan.,Department of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, 9601295, Japan
| | - Haruyasu Nagai
- Environment and Radiation Science Division, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-village, Ibaraki, 3191195, Japan
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki-city, Aomori, 0368564, Japan
| | - Arifumi Hasegawa
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima-city, Fukushima, 9601295, Japan
| | - Gen Suzuki
- International University of Health and Welfare Clinic, Ohtawara-city, Tochigi, 3248501, Japan.
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Singh Ospina N, Iñiguez-Ariza NM, Castro MR. Thyroid nodules: diagnostic evaluation based on thyroid cancer risk assessment. BMJ 2020; 368:l6670. [PMID: 31911452 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid nodules are extremely common and can be detected by sensitive imaging in more than 60% of the general population. They are often identified in patients without symptoms who are undergoing evaluation for other medical complaints. Indiscriminate evaluation of thyroid nodules with thyroid biopsy could cause a harmful epidemic of diagnoses of thyroid cancer, but inadequate selection of thyroid nodules for biopsy can lead to missed diagnoses of clinically relevant thyroid cancer. Recent clinical guidelines advocate a more conservative approach in the evaluation of thyroid nodules based on risk assessment for thyroid cancer, as determined by clinical and ultrasound features to guide the need for biopsy. Moreover, newer evidence suggests that for patients with indeterminate thyroid biopsy results, a combined assessment including the initial ultrasound risk stratification or other ancillary testing (molecular markers, second opinion on thyroid cytology) can further clarify the risk of thyroid cancer and the management strategies. This review summarizes the clinical importance of adequate evaluation of thyroid nodules, focuses on the clinical evidence for diagnostic tests that can clarify the risk of thyroid cancer, and highlights the importance of considering the patient's values and preferences when deciding on management strategies in the setting of uncertainty about the risk of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naykky Singh Ospina
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole M Iñiguez-Ariza
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Regina Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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