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Jesus ACC, Meniconi MCG, Galo LK, Duarte MIS, Sotto MN, Pagliari C. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells, the Expression of the Stimulator of Interferon Genes Protein (STING) and a Possible Role of Th17 Immune Response in Cervical Lesions Mediated by Human Papillomavirus. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:588-595. [PMID: 38031606 PMCID: PMC10682341 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus with a DNA structure that specifically targets squamous epithelial cells. In individuals with a healthy immune system, HPV infection is typically resolved naturally, leading to spontaneous regression. However, when the viral genetic material integrates into the host DNA, it can disrupt the immune response and eventually give rise to neoplastic manifestations. Remarkably, HPV infection appears to activate a protein called Stimulator of Interferon genes (STING), which contributes to the infiltration of Treg Foxp3 + cells. This cellular response acts as a predisposing factor in patients with HPV, potentially exacerbating the progression of the infection. The STING is versatile in different circumstances and can play a role in the immune response as an anti-tumour therapeutic target in HPV-related carcinogenesis. The function of Th17 cells is ambiguous, depending on the microenvironment in the tumour. In this study, 46 biopsies of the uterine cervix of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients were divided into three groups: I-cervicitis (10); II-low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (26); III-moderate or severe intraepithelial neoplasia (10) and it was performed an immunohistochemical technique with the specific antibodies to HPV, CD123, STING and IL17. Immunostained cells were quantified and statistically analysed. Antigens of HPV were detected in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) groups and were absent in cervicitis group. The expression of CD123 was positive in 10.87% of the casuistic, with no statistical difference among groups. STING was present in the three groups. Group 1 presented an area fraction that varied from 3 to 20%, group 2 presented a variation of 3-23% and group 3 presented an area fraction between 4 and 12%. Cells expressing IL17 were present in three groups, more frequent in cervicitis. Considering that the casuistic is composed of women carrying HIV, this infectious agent could influence the numerical similarities of the cells studied among three groups, even in the absence of HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Caetano Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455 sala 1118, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-903 Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Gonçalves Meniconi
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455 sala 1118, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-903 Brazil
| | - Luciane Kanashiro Galo
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455 sala 1118, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-903 Brazil
| | - Maria Irma Seixas Duarte
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455 sala 1118, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-903 Brazil
| | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455 sala 1118, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-903 Brazil
| | - Carla Pagliari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo, 455 sala 1118, São Paulo, SP CEP 01246-903 Brazil
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Wen J, Weng J, Lu W, Tao X, Cheng H, Tang Y. The Expression of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and TLR7/9-MyD88-IRAKs Pathway in Chronic Eczema Lesions. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1079-1087. [PMID: 37123625 PMCID: PMC10145378 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s405491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the expression of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (pDCs) and TLR7/9-MyD88-IRAKs pathway in chronic eczema lesions. Patients and Methods Lesional tissues and the surrounding healthy tissues were collected from 25 individuals with chronic eczema, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect and comparatively analyze the expression profile of CD123, CD2AP, toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) along with interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in signaling pathways. Results The positive rates of CD2AP + pDC and CD123 + pDC in lesional tissues were significantly elevated compared to the surrounding healthy tissues (P < 0.05). They were distributed in both the epidermal and dermal layers of the lesional tissue, but the majority were in the dermal layer. The TLR7, TLR9, IRAK1 and IRF7 were more expressed in dermal layers of the lesional tissue with higher positive rates of expression compared to the surrounding healthy tissues (P < 0.05). IRAK1 and IRF7 were expressed in a small amount in the epidermal layer with higher positive rates of expression than in the surrounding healthy tissues (P < 0.05), while the positive rates of TLR7 and TLR9 expression in the epidermal layer were not statistically different from those in the surrounding healthy tissues (P > 0.05). Conclusion PDC and TLR7/9-MyD88-IRAKs pathways are actively expressed in chronic eczema lesions and may be involved in pathogenesis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wen
- Department of Dermatology, People’s Hospital of Tiantai County, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jitian Weng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310014People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310014People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Tang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310014People’s Republic of China
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Douzandeh-Mobarrez B, Kariminik A, Kazemi Arababadi M, Kheirkhah B. TLR9 in the Human Papilloma Virus Infections: Friend or Foe? Viral Immunol 2022; 35:457-464. [PMID: 35588473 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system plays dual roles during human papilloma virus (HPV) infections, from defense against the virus to induction or stimulation of the HPV-related cancers. It appears that various differences within the immune-related genes and the functions of the immunological parameters of the patients are the main factors responsible for the roles played by immune system during HPV infections. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in the recognition of viruses and activation of immune responses. The molecules also can alter the target cell intracellular signaling and may participate in the transformation of the infected cells. TLR9 is the unique intracellular member of TLRs that recognize foreign DNA, including viral DNA. Thus, TLR9 may play significant roles in the defense against HPV and its related cancers. This review article discusses TLR9 antiviral and pathological roles during HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Babak Kheirkhah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Baft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran
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Alesci A, Lauriano ER, Aragona M, Capillo G, Pergolizzi S. Marking vertebrates langerhans cells, from fish to mammals. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151622. [PMID: 33066843 PMCID: PMC7480233 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are specialized dendritic cells (DCs) that play a defense role in recognizing foreign antigens, in tissue where antigenic exposures occur, as in the skin and mucous membranes. LCs are able to continuously move within the tissues thanks to dendritic contraction and distension performing their surveillance and/or phagocytosis role. These cells are characterized by the presence of Birbeck granules in their cytoplasm, involved in endocytosis. LCs have been characterized in several classes of vertebrates, from fish to mammals using different histological and molecular techniques. The aim of the present review is to define the state of art and the need of information about immunohistochemical markers of LCs in different classes of vertebrates. The most used immunohistochemical (IHC) markers are Langerin/CD207, CD1a, S-100 and TLR. These IHC markers are described in relation to their finding in different vertebrate classes with phylogenetical considerations. Among the four markers, Langerin/CD207 and TLR have the widest spectrum of cross reactivity in LCs.
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