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Li X, Hao X, Zhou J, Zhou L, Ma B, Qiu Z, Zhao T, Xu L, Liu J, Kang L. Integration of Metabolomics with Network Pharmacology Deciphers the Anti-Fatigue Activity Mechanisms of the Extract of Mirabilis himalaica Root. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400004. [PMID: 38840434 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Fatigue, a common symptom in both diseased and healthy individuals, is a biological phenomenon characterized by a sense of extreme physical or mental exhaustion. To explore novel drugs and food sources of anti-fatigue, the hydroalcoholic extract of the root of Mirabilis himalaica (MH extract) is evaluated as anti-fatigue agents in this work, and clarifies that the mechanism of MH intervention in fatigue symptoms, and distribution of the anti-fatigue constituents in the plant of Mirabilis himalaica is examined. The results show that the MH extract have a significantly anti-fatigue effect via the pharmacological experiment and biochemical indicators. The network pharmacology, metabolomics, molecular docking, and pharmacology are integrated to determine that boeravinone A, B, and E are the pharmacoperones of anti-fatigue. Moreover, the compounds of boeravinone are present only in the root and not in the leaf and stem of the Mirabilis himalaica, which validates that root of Mirabilis himalaica is historically and officially utilized medicinal parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - TangNa Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Lee K, Choi YJ, Lim HI, Cho KJ, Kang N, Ko SG. Network pharmacology study to explore the multiple molecular mechanism of SH003 in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:70. [PMID: 38303001 PMCID: PMC10832243 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of human death worldwide. Herbal prescription SH003 has been developed to treat several cancers including NSCLC. Due to the multi-component nature of SH003 with multiple targets and pathways, a network pharmacology study was conducted to analyze its active compounds, potential targets, and pathways for the treatment of NSCLC. METHODS We systematically identified oral active compounds within SH003, employing ADME criteria-based screening from TM-MC, OASIS, and TCMSP databases. Concurrently, SH003-related and NSCLC-associated targets were amalgamated from various databases. Overlapping targets were deemed anti-NSCLC entities of SH003. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database, allowing the identification of pivotal proteins through node centrality measures. Empirical validation was pursued through LC-MS analysis of active compounds. Additionally, in vitro experiments, such as MTT cell viability assays and western blot analyses, were conducted to corroborate network pharmacology findings. RESULTS We discerned 20 oral active compounds within SH003 and identified 239 core targets shared between SH003 and NSCLC-related genes. Network analyses spotlighted 79 hub genes, including TP53, JUN, AKT1, STAT3, and MAPK3, crucial in NSCLC treatment. GO and KEGG analyses underscored SH003's multifaceted anti-NSCLC effects from a genetic perspective. Experimental validations verified SH003's impact on NSCLC cell viability and the downregulation of hub genes. LC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of four active compounds, namely hispidulin, luteolin, baicalein, and chrysoeriol, among the eight compounds with a median of > 10 degrees in the herb-compounds-targets network in SH003. Previously unidentified targets like CASP9, MAPK9, and MCL1 were unveiled, supported by existing NSCLC literature, enhancing the pivotal role of empirical validation in network pharmacology. CONCLUSION Our study pioneers the harmonization of theoretical predictions with practical validations. Empirical validation illuminates specific SH003 compounds within NSCLC, simultaneously uncovering novel targets for NSCLC treatment. This integrated strategy, accentuating empirical validation, establishes a paradigm for in-depth herbal medicine exploration. Furthermore, our network pharmacology study unveils fresh insights into SH003's multifaceted molecular mechanisms combating NSCLC. Through this approach, we delineate active compounds of SH003 and target pathways, reshaping our understanding of its therapeutic mechanisms in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwook Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Choi
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hae-In Lim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Cho
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Nuri Kang
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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LEE SEOYEON, KIM TAEHOON, CHOI WONGEUN, CHUNG YOONHEY, KO SEONGGYU, CHEON CHUNHOO, CHO SUNGGOOK. SH003 Causes ER Stress-mediated Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells via Intracellular ROS Production. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:88-116. [PMID: 36581346 PMCID: PMC9806670 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women all over the world and new treatment options are urgent. ER stress in cancer cells results in apoptotic cell death, and it is being proposed as a new therapeutic target. SH003, a newly developed herbal medicine, has been reported to have anti-cancer effects. However, its molecular mechanism is not yet clearly defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microarray was performed to check the differential gene expression patterns in various breast cancer cell lines. Cell viability was measured by MTT assays to detect cytotoxic effects. Annexin V-FITC and 7AAD staining, TUNEL assay and DCF-DA staining were analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate apoptosis and ROS levels, respectively. Protein expression was examined in SH003-breast cancer cells using immunoblotting assays. The expression of C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. The effects of CHOP by SH003 treatment were investigated using transfection method. RESULTS Herein, we investigated the molecular mechanisms through which SH003 causes apoptosis of human breast cancer cells. Both cell viability and apoptosis assays confirmed the SH003-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, SH003 altered the expression patterns of several genes in a variety of breast cancer cell lines. More specifically, it upregulated gene sets including the response to unfolded proteins, independently of the breast cancer cell subtype. In addition, SH003-induced apoptosis was due to an increase in ROS production and an activation of the ER stress-signaling pathway. Moreover, CHOP gene silencing blocked SH003-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION SH003 causes apoptosis of breast cancer cells by upregulating ROS production and activating the ER stress-mediated pathway. Thus, our findings suggest that SH003 can be a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- SEO YEON LEE
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - TAE HOON KIM
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - WON GEUN CHOI
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - YOON HEY CHUNG
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SEONG-GYU KO
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - CHUNHOO CHEON
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SUNG-GOOK CHO
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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State of the Art and Future Implications of SH003: Acting as a Therapeutic Anticancer Agent. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041089. [PMID: 35205836 PMCID: PMC8870567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer ranks as the first leading cause of death globally. Despite the various types of cancer treatments, negative aspects of the treatments, such as side effects and drug resistance, have been a continuous dilemma for patients. Thus, natural compounds and herbal medicines have earned profound interest as chemopreventive agents for reducing burden for patients. SH003, a novel herbal medicine containing Astragalus membranaceus, Angelica gigas, and Trichosanthes kirilowii, showed the potential to act as an anticancer agent in previous research studies. A narrative review was conducted to present the significant highlights of the total 15 SH003 studies from the past nine years. SH003 has shown positive results in both in vivo and vitro studies against various types of cancer cells; furthermore, the first clinical trial was performed to identify the maximum tolerated dose among solid cancer patients. So far, the potential of SH003 as a chemotherapeutic agent has been well-documented in research studies; continuous work on SH003's efficacy and safety is required to facilitate better cancer patient care but is part of the knowledge needed to understand whether SH003 has the potential to become a pharmaceutical.
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Cheon C. Synergistic effects of herbal medicines and anticancer drugs: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27918. [PMID: 34797348 PMCID: PMC8601363 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies have been reporting combination therapy using herbal medicines and anticancer drugs, and the synergistic effects of this combination have gained much attention across the medical community. In this study, we will review and summarize all published studies that have investigated the synergistic interaction between herbal medicines and anticancer drugs. METHODS We will search the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies investigated the synergistic interaction between herbal medicines and anticancer drugs will be included. The selection and extraction process will be performed by 2 independent reviewers, and we will perform qualitative synthesis. DISCUSSION The present study is being performed to investigate the herbal medicines and anticancer drugs that are used concomitantly, and to determine the combinations that are expected to show a synergistic effect. This knowledge will provide new insights into the possible role of herbal medicines in anticancer treatment. REVIEW REGISTRATION Trial registration: OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/H5QS9.
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Herbal Prescription SH003 Alleviates Docetaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain in C57BL/6 Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4120334. [PMID: 34422067 PMCID: PMC8373497 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4120334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel-based therapy has been applied to kill cancers including lung and breast cancers but frequently causes peripheral neuropathy such as mechanical allodynia. Lack of effective drugs for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) treatment leads us to find novel drugs. Here, we investigated whether and how novel anticancer herbal prescription SH003 alleviates mechanical allodynia in mouse model of docetaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Docetaxel-induced mechanical allodynia was evaluated using von Frey filaments. Nerve damage and degeneration in paw skin of mice were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Neuroinflammation markers in bloodstream, lumbar (L4-L6) spinal cord, and sciatic nerves were examined by ELISA or western blot analysis. Docetaxel (15.277 mg/kg) was intravenously injected into the tail vein of C57BL/6 mice, and mechanical allodynia was followed up. SH003 (557.569 mg/kg) was orally administered at least 60 min before the mechanical allodynia test, and von Frey test was performed twice. Docetaxel injection induced mechanical allodynia, and SH003 administration restored withdrawal threshold. Meanwhile, degeneration of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENF) was observed in docetaxel-treated mice, but SH003 treatment suppressed it. Moreover, docetaxel injection increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and expressions of phospho-NF-κB and phospho-STAT3 in both of lumbar spinal cord and sciatic nerves, while SH003 treatment inhibited those changes. Taken together, it is worth noting that TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and phospho-NF-κB and phospho-STAT3 in spinal cord and sciatic nerves are putative biomarkers of docetaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (DIPN) in mouse models. In addition, we suggest that SH003 would be beneficial for alleviation of docetaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
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Kim MJ, Ku JM, Hong SH, Kim HI, Kwon YY, Park JS, Jung DH, Shin YC, Ko SG. In vitro Anticancer Effects of JI017 on Two Prostate Cancer Cell Lines Involve Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated by Elevated Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:683575. [PMID: 34054558 PMCID: PMC8155384 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.683575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, and prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in United States men after lung cancer. Many therapies are used to treat prostate cancer, and chemotherapy is one of the most relevant treatments. However, chemotherapy has many side effects, and repeated administration of chemotherapeutic agents leads to acquired resistance. Thus, new drugs with few side effects are needed. We investigated the molecular mechanism of action of JI017 in human prostate cancer cells. We identified an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway that depended on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway and played a crucial role in JI017-induced apoptosis. We measured cell viability by the MTS assay to determine the effect of JI017. Analysis of apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell cycle features was performed by flow cytometry. We used western blot and RT-PCR to measure the levels of the proteins of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and apoptosis markers. Immunoprecipitation assay and transfection were used to determine the expression levels of proteins interacting with the pathways influenced by JI017 in prostate cancer cells. The anticancer effects induced by JI017 were evaluated. JI017 induced cell death that regulated apoptotic molecules and caused cell cycle arrest that inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells. Moreover, JI017 generated ROS. Accumulation of ROS caused ER stress through the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP and IRE1α-CHOP pathways. Furthermore, persistent activation of the UPR pathway induced by JI017 treatment triggered mitochondrial dysfunction, including dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, which activated intrinsic apoptotic pathway in human prostate cancer cells. The data indicated that N-acetyl-L-cysteine diminished apoptosis. We demonstrated that JI017 induced ER stress and cell death. Anticancer properties of JI017 in prostate cancer cells and in a human prostate cancer model involved ROS-mediated ER stress. Thus, JI017 treatment provides a new strategy for chemotherapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Mo Ku
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Pharmacological Toxicology Laboratory, Jeil Pharmaceutical, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Se Hyang Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyo In Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yun Young Kwon
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Sang Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deok Hyun Jung
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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