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Lan K, Zeng KR, Zhong FR, Tu SJ, Luo JL, Shu SL, Peng XF, Yang H, Lu K. Effects of oral probiotics on inflammation and intestinal function in adult patients after appendectomy: Randomized controlled trial. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:1371-1376. [PMID: 38817278 PMCID: PMC11135319 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i5.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appendectomy is an acute abdominal surgery that is often accompanied by severe abdominal inflammation. Oral probiotics are one of the postoperative treatments for rapid rehabilitation. However, there is a lack of prospective studies on this topic after appendectomy. AIM To investigate whether the postoperative probiotics can modulate the inflammatory response and restore intestinal function in patients following appendectomy. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized trial. A total of 60 emergency patients were randomly divided into a control group (n = 30) and a probiotic group (n = 30). Patients in the control group started to drink some water the first day after surgery, and those in the probiotic group were given water supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis capsules for 5 consecutive days postsurgery. The indices of inflammation and postoperative conditions were recorded, and the data were analyzed with RStudio 4.3.2 software. RESULTS A total of 60 participants were included. Compared with those in the control group, the C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 and procalcitonin (PCT) levels were significantly lower in the probiotic group at 2 d after surgery (P = 2.224e-05, P = 0.037, and P = 0.002, respectively, all P < 0.05). This trend persisted at day 5 post-surgery, with CRP and PCT levels remaining significantly lower in the probiotic group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.043, both P < 0.05). Furthermore, probiotics resulted in a shorter time to first flatus and a greater percentage of gram-negative bacilli in the feces (P = 0.035, P = 0.028, both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Postoperative oral administration of probiotics may modulate the gut microbiota, benefit the recovery of the early inflammatory response, and subsequently enhance recovery after appendectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lan
- Department of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ke-Rui Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fu-Rui Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sheng-Jin Tu
- Department of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin-Long Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shi-Long Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue-Feng Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong 643000, Sichuan Province, China
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Liu Y, Yu J, Yang Y, Han B, Wang Q, Du S. Investigating the causal relationship of gut microbiota with GERD and BE: a bidirectional mendelian randomization. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:471. [PMID: 38745153 PMCID: PMC11092028 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota(GM) have been proven associated with lots of gastrointestinal diseases, but its causal relationship with Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) and Barrett's esophagus(BE) hasn't been explored. We aimed to uncover the causal relation between GM and GERD/BE and potential mediators by utilizing Mendelian Randomization(MR) analysis. METHODS Summary statistics of GM(comprising 301 bacteria taxa and 205 metabolism pathways) were extracted from MiBioGen Consortium(N = 18,340) and Dutch Microbiome Project(N = 7,738), GERD and BE from a multitrait meta-analysis(NGERD=602,604, NBE=56,429). Bidirectional two-sample MR analysis and linkage disequilibrium score regression(LDSC) were used to explore the genetic correlation between GM and GERD/BE. Mediation MR analysis was performed for the risk factors of GERD/BE, including Body mass index(BMI), weight, type 2 diabetes, major depressive disorder(MDD), smoking initiation, alcohol consumption, and dietary intake(including carbohydrate, sugar, fat, protein intake), to detect the potential mediators between GM and GERD/BE. RESULTS 11 bacterial taxa and 13 metabolism pathways were found associated with GERD, and 18 taxa and 5 pathways exhibited causal relationship with BE. Mediation MR analysis suggested weight and BMI played a crucial role in these relationships. LDSC identified 1 taxon and 4 metabolism pathways related to GERD, and 1 taxon related to BE. Specie Faecalibacterium prausnitzii had a suggestive impact on both GERD(OR = 1.087, 95%CI = 1.01-1.17) and BE(OR = 1.388, 95%CI = 1.03-1.86) and LDSC had determined their correlation. Reverse MR indicated that BE impacted 10 taxa and 4 pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study established a causal link between gut microbiota and GERD/BE, and identified the probable mediators. It offers new insights into the role of gut microbiota in the development and progression of GERD and BE in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Graduate School of Beijing, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China-Japan Friendship Hospital(Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyu Han
- Graduate School of Beijing, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Graduate School of Beijing, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Co EL, Hameed M, Sebastian SA, Garg T, Sudan S, Bheemisetty N, Mohan B. Narrative Review of Probiotic Use on the Recovery of Postoperative Patients with Esophageal Cancer. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:635-642. [PMID: 37605086 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review discusses the significance of probiotic therapy in the postoperative care of patients with esophageal cancer and its role as an adjunct therapy to other treatment modalities for esophageal cancer. RECENT FINDINGS As such, there is an emerging need to address any malnutrition and gastrointestinal problems occurring in these patients which tend to have a strong negative impact on their prognosis. Probiotic effects on esophageal cancer biomarkers suggest that there is a positive correlation between these two factors. However, the beneficial effects remain controversial and warrant further investigation. Probiotics, now being widely utilized as postoperative therapy in some carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract such as gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, have been shown in some clinical studies to positively impact the nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer. Postoperative care among patients suffering from esophageal cancer is a very crucial aspect in the survival of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edzel Lorraine Co
- University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maha Hameed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida State University/Sarasota Memorial Hospital, 1700 S Tamiami Trial, Sarasota, FL, 34239, USA.
| | | | - Tulika Garg
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Babu Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Gao X, Wang Z, Liu B, Cheng Y. Causal association of gut microbiota and esophageal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1286598. [PMID: 38107856 PMCID: PMC10722290 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the growing body of evidence, the link between the gut microbiota and different types of tumors, such as colorectal, gastric, and liver cancer, is becoming more apparent. The gut microbiota can be used as a reference for evaluating various diseases, including cancer, and can also act as risk factors or preventive factors. However, the specific connection between the gut microbiota and the advancement of esophageal cancer has yet to be investigated. Therefore, the aim of this research is to clarify the possible causal influence of intestinal microorganisms on the vulnerability to esophageal cancer through the utilization of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Methods In this study, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to evaluate the unbiased causal association between 150 different gut microbiota types and the occurrence of esophageal cancer. Following the selection from the IEU GWAS database and SNP filtration, we utilized various MR statistical techniques on the suitable instrumental variables. These included IVW methods, employing inverse variance weighting. Additionally, we performed a range of sensitivity analyses to confirm the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of the instrumental variables, thus ensuring the reliability of the outcomes. Results The increased likelihood of developing esophageal cancer is linked to the genetically predicted high levels of Gordonibacter, Oxalobacter, Coprobacter, Veillonella, Ruminiclostridium 5, Ruminococcus 1, and Senegalimasilia genera. Conversely, a decreased risk of esophageal cancer is associated with the high abundance of Turicibacter, Eubacterium oxidoreducens group, Romboutsia, and Prevotella 9 genera. No heterogeneity and pleiotropy were detected in the sensitivity analysis. Discussion We found that 11 types of gut microbial communities are associated with esophageal cancer, thereby confirming that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zaramella A, Arcidiacono D, Nucci D, Fabris F, Benna C, Pucciarelli S, Fassan M, Fantin A, De Re V, Cannizzaro R, Realdon S. Resident Esophageal Microbiota Dysbiosis Correlates with Cancer Risk in Barrett's Esophagus Patients and Is Linked to Low Adherence to WCRF/AICR Lifestyle Recommendations. Nutrients 2023; 15:2885. [PMID: 37447211 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the consequence of longstanding gastroesophageal reflux, which leads to inflammation and could cause Barrett's esophagus (BE), the main risk factor for EAC development. The 5 year survival rate of EAC is poor since the diagnosis occurs at the late stage of the disease. To improve patient management, a better comprehension of the mechanism undergoing the evolution through to adenocarcinoma is needed. Within this scenario, the resident microbiome investigation was studied. This study aimed to explore the esophageal microbial profile in patients affected by non-dysplastic BE, low- and high-grade dysplastic BE, and EAC to identify parameters characterizing cancer progression and to develop a score suitable for clinical practice to stratify cancer risk. The microbiota was investigated through the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of esophageal biopsies. The microbial composition was evaluated at each different taxonomic level along the disease progression. To further investigate bacteria potentially associated with cancer development, non-dysplastic and dysplastic/cancer patients were compared. The presence of the six significant microbial features with multivariate analysis was used to develop a multiparametric score (Resident Esophageal Microbial Dysbiosis Test) to predict the risk of progression toward EAC. Finally, the diagnostic ability of the test and its discrimination threshold for its ability to identify dysplastic/cancer patients were demonstrated. Since EAC has been related to obesity, the relationship between these microbial parameters and patients' diet/lifestyle habits was also investigated. Developing microbiome-based risk prediction models for esophageal adenocarcinoma onset could open new research avenues, demonstrating that the resident microbiome may be a valid cancer risk biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Zaramella
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Diletta Arcidiacono
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Daniele Nucci
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Fabris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Clara Benna
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Fantin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Vallì De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Oncological Gastroenterology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Realdon
- Oncological Gastroenterology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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Muszyński D, Kudra A, Sobocki BK, Folwarski M, Vitale E, Filetti V, Dudzic W, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Połom K. Esophageal cancer and bacterial part of gut microbiota - A multidisciplinary point of view. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1057668. [PMID: 36467733 PMCID: PMC9709273 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1057668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to search for new screening methods that allow early detection of esophageal cancer and thus achieve better clinical outcomes. Nowadays, it is known that the esophagus is not a sterile part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is colonized with various microorganisms therefore a "healthy" esophageal microbiome exists. The dysbiotic changes of esophageal microbiome can lead to the development of esophageal diseases including esophageal cancer. There is a strong consensus in the literature that the intestinal microbiome may be involved in esophageal carcinogenesis. Recently, emphasis has also been placed on the relationship between the oral microbiome and the occurrence of esophageal cancer. According to recent studies, some of the bacteria present in the oral cavity, such as Tannerella forsythia, Streptococcus anginosus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum may contribute to the development of this cancer. Moreover, the oral microbiome of patients with esophageal cancer differs significantly from that of healthy individuals. This opens new insights into the search for a microbiome-associated marker for early identification of patients at high risk for developing this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Muszyński
- Scientific Circle 4.0 associated with Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kudra
- Scientific Circle 4.0 associated with Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kamil Sobocki
- Scientific Circle of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Folwarski
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Occupational Medicine, Catania, Italy
| | - Veronica Filetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Occupational Medicine, Catania, Italy
| | - Wojciech Dudzic
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery and Nutrition, Copernicus Hospital Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Karol Połom
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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