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Ke B, Jin P, Wang XJ, Liu N, Liang H, Zhang RP. Oncogenic and immunological role of EDIL3 in human tumours: From pan-cancer analysis to validation in gastric cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32291. [PMID: 38882287 PMCID: PMC11180325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3 (EDIL3) is a secreted extracellular matrix protein implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes including embryonic development, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses. Recent reports have indicated that EDIL3 play critical roles in carcinogenesis and progression of many cancers. Herein, we performed a pan-cancer investigation to study the potential functions of EDIL3 in various cancers and experimentally validate its function in gastric cancer (GC). Methods We analysed EDIL3 expression profiles in different tumours using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to investigate the prognostic value of EDIL3, while receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to analyze its diagnostic efficacy. Several bioinformatics tools were used to study the association between EDIL3 and promoter methylation, gene enrichment analysis, immune infiltration, immune-related genes, and drug sensitivity. Molecular biology experiments were conducted to validate the tumorigenic effects of EDIL3. Results EDIL3 is variably expressed in different cancers and is closely associated with clinical outcomes. An inverse correlation between EDIL3 and DNA methylation has been observed in 13 cancers. Enrichment analysis indicated that EDIL3 is correlated with many cellular pathways such as extracellular matrix receptor interactions and focal adhesion. EDIL3 was tightly associated with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints. EDIL3 knockdown can promote GC calls apoptosis while preventing proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Conclusion EDIL3 is a promising prognostic, diagnostic, and immunological biomarker in various cancers, which could be applied as a new target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ke
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-Jun Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Ru-Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
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Lee IH, Lee SJ, Kang B, Lee J, Jung JH, Park HY, Park JY, Park NJY, Kim EA, Kang J, Chae YS. Exploration of MELK as a downstream of Del-1 and druggable targets in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 205:181-191. [PMID: 38279017 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In our previous study, Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) was a promising predictive marker for breast cancer. However, the downstream targets of Del-1 remain unknown. Here, we sought to discover a druggable target downstream of Del-1 and investigate the mechanism by which it regulates the course of breast cancer. METHODS To investigate Del-1 downregulation effect on breast cancer, we performed transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing of Del-1 knockdowned MDA-MB-231 cell line Plus, to investigate the expression of Del-1 and Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), mRNA levels in eight different triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell lines were analyzed. High-throughput sequencing was performed on total RNA isolated. OTS167 was used for MELK inhibition. The effects of MELK on cell proliferation and invasion were determined using the MTT and Matrigel transwell assays. Furthermore, we examined MELK expression in breast cancer tissue. RESULTS Del-1 and MELK mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-468, HCC-1806, and MBA-MB-231. Knocking down Del-1 with siRNA in HCC-1806 and MBA-MB-231 cells significantly decreased MELK expression and thus suggested a possible relationship between Del-1 and MELK. In MDA-MB-468 cells, a basal-like 1 TNBC cell line, OTS167 significantly inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. To further investigate the relationship between Del-1 and MELK, dual inhibition of both Del-1 and MELK was performed, which significantly reduced the viability of MDA-MB-468 and MBA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION We found that MELK acts downstream of Del-1 and is a promising druggable target, especially in basal-like and mesenchymal stem-like subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hee Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicien, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicien, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongju Kang
- Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicien, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicien, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyang Jung
- Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicien, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yong Park
- Breast & Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicien, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nora Jee-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ae Kim
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kang
- Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Soo Chae
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicien, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Tang F, Xu Y, Gao E, Zhang W, Zhang F, Xiang Y, Xu L, Dong F. Amentoflavone attenuates cell proliferation and induces ferroptosis in human gastric cancer by miR-496/ATF2 axis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:782-792. [PMID: 37455326 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Amentoflavone (AF) is a natural multifunctional biflavonoid that has been revealed to possess multiple biological activities, including anticancer activity. Here, this work focused on exploring the functions and mechanism of AF in gastric cancer (GC). Levels of genes and proteins were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Cell proliferation and cell death were analyzed using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, respectively. Cell ferroptosis was evaluated by detecting the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), Fe2+ , and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The binding between miR-496 and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) was confirmed by using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Murine xenograft assay was conducted for in vivo experiments. The results showed that AF suppressed the proliferation and induced ferroptotic cell death in GC cells. MiR-496 expression was decreased in GC tissues and cells, and AF treatment increased miR-496 expression level in GC cells. Functionally, miR-496 inhibition reversed the inhibitory effects of AF on GC cell proliferation and promoting effects on ferroptotic cell death. Mechanistically, ATF2 was targeted by miR-496. ATF2 expression was increased in GC tissues and cells, which was decreased by AF treatment and subsequently rescued by miR-496 downregulation in GC cells. Moreover, miR-496 overexpression suppressed the proliferation and induced ferroptotic cell death in GC cells via targeting ATF2. In all, AF suppressed the proliferation and induced ferroptotic cell death in GC cells via miR-496/ATF2 axis, indicating a novel therapeutic approach for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Tang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical major of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yongpan Xu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical major of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Erpeng Gao
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fengli Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Lixiaoyuan Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fen Dong
- Internal Medicine-Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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Chen X, Balko JM, Ling F, Jin Y, Gonzalez A, Zhao Z, Chen J. Convolutional neural network for biomarker discovery for triple negative breast cancer with RNA sequencing data. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14819. [PMID: 37025902 PMCID: PMC10070674 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are tumors with a poor treatment response and prognosis. In this study, we propose a new approach, candidate extraction from convolutional neural network (CNN) elements (CECE), for discovery of biomarkers for TNBCs. We used the GSE96058 and GSE81538 datasets to build a CNN model to classify TNBCs and non-TNBCs and used the model to make TNBC predictions for two additional datasets, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) breast cancer RNA sequencing data and the data from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC). Using correctly predicted TNBCs from the GSE96058 and TCGA datasets, we calculated saliency maps for these subjects and extracted the genes that the CNN model used to separate TNBCs from non-TNBCs. Among the TNBC signature patterns that the CNN models learned from the training data, we found a set of 21 genes that can classify TNBCs into two major classes, or CECE subtypes, with distinct overall survival rates (P = 0.0074). We replicated this subtype classification in the FUSCC dataset using the same 21 genes, and the two subtypes had similar differential overall survival rates (P = 0.0490). When all TNBCs were combined from the 3 datasets, the CECE II subtype had a hazard ratio of 1.94 (95% CI, 1.25-3.01; P = 0.0032). The results demonstrate that the spatial patterns learned by the CNN models can be utilized to discover interacting biomarkers otherwise unlikely to be identified by traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin M. Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2101 W End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2101, W End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fei Ling
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yabin Jin
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Anneliese Gonzalez
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, TX77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
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Fu Y, Liu K, Zhao L, Jiang X, Wang T. Circular RNA Ubiquitin-associated Protein 2 Silencing Suppresses Bladder Cancer Progression by Downregulating DNA Topoisomerase 2-alpha Through Sponging miR-496. EUR UROL SUPPL 2023; 50:31-42. [PMID: 37101770 PMCID: PMC10123418 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been uncovered to be implicated in the malignant development of bladder cancer (BC). Objective Herein, this work aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of circRNA ubiquitin-associated protein 2 (circUBAP2) in BC progression. Design setting and participants Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used for the detection of genes and proteins. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis In vitro functional experiments were conducted using colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), Transwell, wound healing, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. A glycolysis analysis was conducted by assessing glucose uptake and lactate production. A murine xenograft model was established to perform in vivo experiments. The binding interaction between miR-496 and circUBAP2 or DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A) was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results and limitations CircUBAP2 was highly expressed in BC patients, and high circUBAP2 expression showed a shorter survival rate. Functionally, knockdown of circUBAP2 could suppress BC cell growth, migration, invasion, and aerobic glycolysis in vitro, as well as impede BC growth in nude mice. Mechanistically, circUBAP2 acted as a sponge for miR-496, which targeted TOP2A. Moreover, circUBAP2 could indirectly regulate TOP2A expression through sequestering miR-496. Furthermore, a series of rescue experiments showed that miR-496 inhibition reversed the anticancer action of circUBAP2 knockdown on BC cells. Moreover, miR-496 could attenuate BC cell malignant phenotypes and aerobic glycolysis, which were abolished by TOP2A overexpression. Conclusions Silencing of circUBAP2 could suppress BC growth, invasion, migration, and aerobic glycolysis by the miR-496/TOP2A axis, suggesting a promising target for the molecular targeted therapies of BC. Patient summary Circular RNA ubiquitin-associated protein 2 (circUBAP2) was found to be associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer (BC). Knockdown of circUBAP2 might suppress BC growth, invasion, migration, and aerobic glycolysis, indicating that it may be a new target for the development of molecular targeted therapy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Liu
- Corresponding author. Department of Urology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.6 East Huanghe Road, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China. Tel. +86 517 8087 2607; Fax: +86 517 8087 2607.
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Critical Review on the Different Roles of Exosomes in TNBC and Exosomal-Mediated Delivery of microRNA/siRNA/lncRNA and Drug Targeting Signalling Pathways in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041802. [PMID: 36838790 PMCID: PMC9967195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is the most potent metastatic type of breast cancer that can spread to other body parts. Chemotherapy and surgical intervention are the sole treatments for TNBC, owing to the scarcity of therapeutic targets. Manipulation of the membranes as per the desired targets of exosomes has recently gained much attention as a drug delivery method. Despite their known roles in different diseases, very few studies have focused on signalling that triggers the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer to other body parts by exosomes. This article highlights the significant roles of exosomes associated with TNBC, the involvement of exosomes in breast cancer diagnosis, progression, and the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer by the exosomes as a drug delivery system. This review paper also illustrates the role of exosomes in initiating EMT in breast cancer, including novel signalling.
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Zheng S, Fu W, Huang Q, Zhou J, Lu K, Gu J, Ma R, Guo G. LncRNA PRKCQ-AS1 regulates paclitaxel resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells through miR-361-5p/PIK3C3 mediated autophagy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:431-442. [PMID: 36732923 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) resistance is a key cause of chemotherapy failure in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) on the PTX resistance of TNBC cells through autophagy. MDA-MB-231 cells are used to induce the PTX-resistant TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231.PR (MDR) by increasing dose intermittently. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the mRNA levels of phosphoinositide-3-kinase class 3 (PIK3C3), miR-361-5p and lncRNA PRKCQ-AS1 in the cells, and Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expressions of PIK3C3, autophagy-related, drug-resistant and apoptosis-related genes. MDC staining detected the formation of autophagic vacuoles. The interactions between miR-361-5p and PIK3C3 and between lncRNA PRKCQ-AS1 and miR-361-5p were verified by dual-luciferase assay. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed by performing MTT, flow cytometry assay, and transwell assay. The mRNA level of miR-361-5p and the autophagy and drug resistance levels of TNBC PTX-resistant cells were significantly up-regulated. miR-361-5p could target autophagy-related gene PIK3C3, and overexpression of miR-361-5p could down-regulate PIK3C3 protein expression and autophagy level and PTX resistance of MDR cells. LncRNA PRKCQ-AS1 was selected through bioanalysis, and miR-361-5p could target lncRNA PRKCQ-AS1. In addition, lncRNA PRKCQ-AS1 level was up-regulated in TNBC PTX-resistant cells, and knockdown of lncRNA PRKCQ-AS1 could weaken autophagy and drug resistance level and could promote cell apoptosis. Overexpression of lncRNA PRKCQ-AS1 reversed the pro-apoptotic effect and down-regulation of autophagy and resistance levels was induced by miR-361-5p. In vivo experiments were performed to verify the role of lncRNA PRKCQ-AS1. We demonstrate that down-regulation of lncRNA PRKCQ-AS1 weakened PTX resistance and promoted cell apoptosis by miR-361-5p/PIK3C3 mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weida Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qidi Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kangkang Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guilong Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Fu Y, Yang Q, Yang H, Zhang X. New progress in the role of microRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of triple negative breast cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1162463. [PMID: 37122564 PMCID: PMC10134903 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1162463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer is distinguished by its high malignancy, aggressive invasion, rapid progression, easy recurrence, and distant metastases. Additionally, it has a poor prognosis, a high mortality, and is unresponsive to conventional endocrine and targeted therapy, making it a challenging problem for breast cancer treatment and a hotspot for scientific research. Recent research has revealed that certain miRNA can directly or indirectly affect the occurrence, progress and recurrence of TNBC. Their expression levels have a significant impact on TNBC diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Some miRNAs can serve as biomarkers for TNBC diagnosis and prognosis. This article summarizes the progress of miRNA research in TNBC, discusses their roles in the occurrence, invasion, metastasis, prognosis, and chemotherapy of TNBC, and proposes a treatment strategy for TNBC by interfering with miRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuhui Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjian Yang, ; Xiping Zhang,
| | - Xiping Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjian Yang, ; Xiping Zhang,
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St-Denis-Bissonnette F, Khoury R, Mediratta K, El-Sahli S, Wang L, Lavoie JR. Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:451. [PMID: 35053616 PMCID: PMC8773485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and refractory subtype of breast cancer, often occurring in younger patients with poor clinical prognosis. Given the current lack of specific targets for effective intervention, the development of better treatment strategies remains an unmet medical need. Over the last decade, the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown tremendously, offering immense potential for clinical diagnosis/prognosis and therapeutic applications. While TNBC-EVs have been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis, chemoresistance and metastasis, they could be repurposed as potential biomarkers for TNBC diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, EVs from various cell types can be utilized as nanoscale drug delivery systems (NDDS) for TNBC treatment. Remarkably, EVs generated from specific immune cell subsets have been shown to delay solid tumour growth and reduce tumour burden, suggesting a new immunotherapy approach for TNBC. Intrinsically, EVs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which holds great potential to treat the brain metastases diagnosed in one third of TNBC patients that remains a substantial clinical challenge. In this review, we present the most recent applications of EVs in TNBC as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers, nanoscale drug delivery systems and immunotherapeutic agents, as well as discuss the associated challenges and future directions of EVs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic St-Denis-Bissonnette
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.-D.-B.); (R.K.); (K.M.); (S.E.-S.)
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Rachil Khoury
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.-D.-B.); (R.K.); (K.M.); (S.E.-S.)
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Karan Mediratta
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.-D.-B.); (R.K.); (K.M.); (S.E.-S.)
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sara El-Sahli
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.-D.-B.); (R.K.); (K.M.); (S.E.-S.)
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.-D.-B.); (R.K.); (K.M.); (S.E.-S.)
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jessie R. Lavoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (F.S.-D.-B.); (R.K.); (K.M.); (S.E.-S.)
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
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