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miRNAs in Uremic Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065425. [PMID: 36982497 PMCID: PMC10049249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremic Cardiomyopathy (UCM) is an irreversible cardiovascular complication that is highly pervasive among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, particularly in End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) individuals undergoing chronic dialysis. Features of UCM are an abnormal myocardial fibrosis, an asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy with subsequent diastolic dysfunction and a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis where underlying biological mechanisms remain partly undefined. In this paper, we reviewed the key evidence available on the biological and clinical significance of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in UCM. miRNAs are short, noncoding RNA molecules with regulatory functions that play a pivotal role in myriad basic cellular processes, such as cell growth and differentiation. Deranged miRNAs expression has already been observed in various diseases, and their capacity to modulate cardiac remodeling and fibrosis under either physiological or pathological conditions is well acknowledged. In the context of UCM, robust experimental evidence confirms a close involvement of some miRNAs in the key pathways that are known to trigger or worsen ventricular hypertrophy or fibrosis. Moreover, very preliminary findings may set the stage for therapeutic interventions targeting specific miRNAs for ameliorating heart damage. Finally, scant but promising clinical evidence may suggest a potential future application of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for improving risk stratification in UCM as well.
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Gouveia CHA, Miranda-Rodrigues M, Martins GM, Neofiti-Papi B. Thyroid Hormone and Skeletal Development. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 106:383-472. [PMID: 29407443 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for skeletal development from the late fetal life to the onset of puberty. During this large window of actions, TH has key roles in endochondral and intramembranous ossifications and in the longitudinal bone growth. There is evidence that TH acts directly in skeletal cells but also indirectly, specially via the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, to control the linear skeletal growth and maturation. The presence of receptors, plasma membrane transporters, and activating and inactivating enzymes of TH in skeletal cells suggests that direct actions of TH in these cells are crucial for skeletal development, which has been confirmed by several in vitro and in vivo studies, including mouse genetic studies, and clinical studies in patients with resistance to thyroid hormone due to dominant-negative mutations in TH receptors. This review examines progress made on understanding the mechanisms by which TH regulates the skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia H A Gouveia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Gisele M Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Bianca Neofiti-Papi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Experimental Pathophysiology Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Videla LA, Fernández V, Vargas R, Cornejo P, Tapia G, Varela N, Valenzuela R, Arenas A, Fernández J, Hernández-Rodas MC, Riquelme B. Upregulation of rat liver PPARα-FGF21 signaling by a docosahexaenoic acid and thyroid hormone combined protocol. Biofactors 2016; 42:638-646. [PMID: 27248050 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of ischemia-reperfusion liver injury is achieved by a combined omega-3 and thyroid hormone (T3 ) protocol, which may involve peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α)-fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling supporting energy requirements. Combined docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; daily doses of 300 mg/kg for 3 days) plus 0.05 mg T3 /kg given to fed rats elicited higher hepatic DHA contents and serum T3 levels, increased PPAR-α mRNA and its DNA binding, with higher mRNA expression of the PPAR-α target genes for carnitine-palmitoyl transferase 1α, acyl-CoA oxidase, and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2, effects that were mimicked by 0.1 mg T3 /kg given alone or by the PPAR-α agonist WY-14632. Under these conditions, the mRNA expression of retinoic X receptor-α (RXR-α) is also increased, with concomitant elevation of the hepatic mRNA and protein FGF21 levels and those of serum FGF21. It is concluded that PPAR-α-FGF21 induction by DHA combined with T3 may involve ligand activation of PPAR-α by DHA and enhanced expression of PPAR-α by T3 , with consequent upregulation of the FGF21 that is controlled by PPAR-α. Considering the beneficial effects of PPAR-α-FGF21 signaling on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, further investigations are required to clarify its potential therapeutic applications in human metabolic disorders. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):638-646, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Virginia Fernández
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina Vargas
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Cornejo
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health and Odontology, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gladys Tapia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Varela
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Allan Arenas
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Fernández
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Bárbara Riquelme
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Oliva F, Piccirilli E, Berardi AC, Tarantino U, Maffulli N. Influence of Thyroid Hormones on Tendon Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 920:133-8. [PMID: 27535255 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathies have a multifactorial etiology driven by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Recent studies have elucidated the importance of thyroid hormones in the alteration of tendons homeostasis and in the failure of tendon healing after injury. The effects of thyroid hormones are mediated by receptors (TR)-α and -β that seem to be ubiquitous. In particular, T3 and T4 play an antiapoptotic role on tenocytes, causing an increase in vital tenocytes isolated from tendons in vitro and a reduction of apoptotic ones; they are also able to influence extra cellular matrix proteins secretion in vitro from tenocytes, enhancing collagen production. From a clinical point of view, disorders of thyroid function have been investigated only for rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy and tears. In this complex scenario, further research is needed to clarify the role of thyroid hormones on the onset of tendinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Oliva
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Piccirilli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Anna C Berardi
- UOC Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Laboratories, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, London, UK.,Head of Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Lourbopoulos A, Mourouzis I, Karapanayiotides T, Nousiopoulou E, Chatzigeorgiou S, Mavridis T, Kokkinakis I, Touloumi O, Irinopoulou T, Chouliaras K, Pantos C, Karacostas D, Grigoriadis N. Changes in thyroid hormone receptors after permanent cerebral ischemia in male rats. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:78-91. [PMID: 24577884 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) and receptors (TRs) may play an important role in the pathophysiology of acute cerebral ischemia. In the present study, we sought to determine whether serum triodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) and brain TRs (TRα1, TRβ1) might change after experimental stroke. Male adult Wistar rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (group P) and compared to sham-operated controls (group S). Animals were followed clinically for 14 days until brain collection for Western blot (WB) or neuropathological analysis of TRs in three different brain areas (infarcted tissue, E1; noninfarcted ipsilateral hemisphere, E2; and contralateral hemisphere, E3). Analysis of serum TH levels showed a reduction of T4 in group P (p = 0.002) at days 2 to 14, while half of the animals also displayed "low T3" values (p = 0.012) on day 14. This T4 reduction was inversely correlated to the clinical severity of stroke and the concomitant body weight loss (p < 0.005). WB analysis of TRα1 and TRβ1 protein expression showed heterogenic responses at day 14: total and nuclear TRα1 were similar between the two groups, while total TRβ1 decreased 7.5-fold within E1 (p ≤ 0.001) with a concomitant 1.8-fold increase of nuclear TRβ1 in E2 area (p = 0.03); TRβ1 expression did not differ in E3. Neuropathological analysis revealed that activated macrophages/microglia exclusively expressed nuclear TRα1 within the infarct core. Astrocytes mildly expressed nuclear TRα1 in and around the infarct, along with a prominent TRβ nuclear signal restricted in the astrocytic scar. Neurons around the infarct expressed mainly TRα1 and, to a milder degree, TRβ. Surprisingly enough, we detected for the first time a TRβ expression in the paranodal region of Ranvier nodes, of unknown significance so far. Our data support that cerebral ischemia induces a low TH response, associated with significant and heterogenic changes in brain TR expression. These findings could imply an important role of TH signaling in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Lourbopoulos
- B' Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 54636, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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Prado-Uribe MDC, Soto-Abraham MV, Mora-Villalpando CJ, Gallardo JM, Bonilla E, Avila M, Tena E, Paniagua R. Role of thyroid hormones and mir-208 in myocardial remodeling in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Arch Med Res 2013; 44:616-22. [PMID: 24246300 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Thyroid hormones exert important effects on heart remodeling through mir-208. The process may have a role in myocardial changes in chronic kidney disease where thyroid abnormalities are common. In this study the effect of T4 supplementation on left ventricle (LV) remodeling in 5/6 nephrectomized rats (5/6Nx) was analyzed. METHODS 5/6Nx rats and 5/6Nx under T4 supplementation (5/6Nx + T4) were compared with control (C) and thyroidectomized (Tx) rats. After 8 weeks of follow-up, LV was analyzed for α-MHC, β-MHC, TGF-β, and mir-208 expression, hydroxyproline content, and myocardial fibrosis. Serum collagenase activity was also analyzed. RESULTS Heart weight increased in 5/6Nx rats compared to C, which was prevented with T4 supplementation (C, 1.5 ± 0.04; 5/6Nx, 1.8 ± 0.09; 5/6Nx + T4, 1.6 ± 0.07 g, p <0.05). The same pattern was seen for LV wall thickness, hydroxyproline content, LV fibrosis, and mRNA TGF-β expression (C, 0.47 ± 0.17; 5/6Nx, 10.55 ± 3.4; 5/6Nx + T4, 3.01 ± 0.52, p <0.01). Tx rats had reduction in heart weight, increased LV wall thickness, and fibrosis. Collagenase activity did not change in any group. mRNA expression of α-, β-MHC, and TGF-β increased in 5/6Nx in comparison to C and 5/6Nx + T4. Expression of mir-208 decreased in 5/6Nx groups, and levels were restored with T4 supplementation (4.21 ± 0.28, 3.39 ± 0.29, and 4.26 ± 0.37 RU, respectively, p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Decreased plasma level of thyroid hormones or sensitivity at tissue level observed in chronic kidney disease induced by 5/6Nx has an important effect in heart remodeling processes, some of it related or mediated by mir-208 and TGF-β expression in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Del-Carmen Prado-Uribe
- Medical Research Unit in Nephrology Diseases, Specialty Hospital, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Incerpi S, Davis PJ, De Vito P, Farias RN, Lin HY, Davis FB. Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormone and Intracellular Calcium Metabolism. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-008-9019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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