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Yamada K, Hyodo T, Urabe S, Haga S, Hosaka T. Serum YKL-40 Level is Associated with Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and γ-GTP in Hemodialysis Patients. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2022; 69:101-106. [PMID: 35466129 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.69.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) is a glycoprotein associated with inflammation and tissue remodeling that has recently been used as a marker of inflammation in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this study, we aimed to determine whether YKL-40 has potential to serve as a nutritional parameter in Japanese HD patients. The serum YKL-40 concentration, hematological parameters, inflammatory marker levels, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory values were measured in 88 patients receiving HD. The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) was used as a nutritional assessment tool. 45.4% of patients were malnourished. YKL-40 correlated positively with age, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) levels, but not with nutritional status, and correlated inversely with ankle brachial index score, a predictor of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis confirmed that γ-GTP, GNRI and age correlated with YKL-40. YKL-40 elevation was associated with γ-GTP, GNRI and age in HD patients. J. Med. Invest. 69 : 101-106, February, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Yamada
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kamakura Women's University, Kamakura City, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Japan
| | - Toru Hyodo
- Dialysis Center, Eijin Clinic, Hiratsuka City, Japan
| | | | - Satomi Haga
- Dialysis Center, Eijin Clinic, Hiratsuka City, Japan
| | - Toshio Hosaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka City, Japan
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Diagnostic Value of Serum Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 for Liver Fibrosis: A Meta-analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3227957. [PMID: 35360517 PMCID: PMC8961437 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3227957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a promising marker for diagnosing liver fibrosis. This meta-analysis was carried out to assess the diagnostic performance of serum CHI3L1 for the estimation of liver fibrosis. Methods Systematic searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Sinomed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Medical Journal Database, and the Wanfang databases for available studies. The primary studies were screened strictly according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and sensitivity, specificity, and other measures of accuracy of serum CHI3L1 for evaluating liver fibrosis were pooled with 95% confidence intervals. I2 was calculated to assess heterogeneity, and sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. Deeks' test was used to assess for publication bias, and likelihood ratio was used to determine posttest probability. Results Our research integrated 11 articles, accounting for 1897 patients older than 18 years old. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis were 0.79 and 0.82 with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.85, 0.81 and 0.83 with an AUC of 0.91, and 0.72 and 0.74 with an AUC of 0.85, respectively. Random-effects models were used to assess for significant heterogeneity, and subgroup analysis showed that age and aetiology of included patients were likely sources of heterogeneity. No potential publication bias was found for serum CHI3L1 in the diagnosis of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, or cirrhosis, and posttest probability was moderate. Conclusion Measurement of serum CHI3L1 is a feasible diagnostic tool for liver fibrosis.
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Comparison between galectin-3 and YKL-40 levels for the assessment of liver fibrosis in cirrhotic patients. Arab J Gastroenterol 2021; 22:187-192. [PMID: 34088622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The circulatory levels of Galectin-3 and YKL-40 are considered as candidate biomarkers for the noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the plasma protein profiles of Galectin-3 and YKL-40 in patients with cirrhosis (with and without hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) who underwent deceased-donor liver transplantation (LT), before and after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS The plasma levels of Galectin-3 and YKL-40 were assessed in 46 subjects, including 24 liver graft recipients (before, 1 day after, and 1 month after LT) and 22 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The levels of Galectin-3 and YKL-40 in the LT recipients before the transplant were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). YKL-40 levels returned to normal within 1 day after LT, whereas those of Galectin-3 decreased 1 day after LT and returned to normal levels after 1 month. The levels of both proteins did not differ between patients with and without HCC. Unlike YKL-40, the pre-transplant levels of Galectin-3 were directly correlated to that of aspartate aminotransferase (AST; r = 0.473, p = 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.395, p = 0.04), total bilirubin (r = 0.545, p = 0.003), and lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.452, p = 0.02) and to the AST to platelet ratio index (APRI; r = 0.411, p = 0.03) and Child-Pugh score (r = 0.601, p < 0.001). Galectin-3 levels increased significantly according to the severity of cirrhosis (25.9 ± 2.7; 57.4 ± 29.6; and 81 ± 27 ng/mL in Class A, B, and C cirrhosis, respectively), whereas those of YKL-40 tended to be higher in the Class C patients compared to the Class A patients (8.9 ± 2.6 vs. 7.4 ± 0.8 ng/mL). CONCLUSION Circulating levels of Galectin-3 could be an indicator of liver damage and inflammation that are correlated with fibrosis.
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Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 function and its role in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:201. [PMID: 32929074 PMCID: PMC7490424 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-enzymatic chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 18. It binds to chitin, heparin, and hyaluronic acid, and is regulated by extracellular matrix changes, cytokines, growth factors, drugs, and stress. CHI3L1 is synthesized and secreted by a multitude of cells including macrophages, neutrophils, synoviocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblast-like cells, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells. It plays a major role in tissue injury, inflammation, tissue repair, and remodeling responses. CHI3L1 has been strongly associated with diseases including asthma, arthritis, sepsis, diabetes, liver fibrosis, and coronary artery disease. Moreover, following its initial identification in the culture supernatant of the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line, CHI3L1 has been shown to be overexpressed in a wealth of both human cancers and animal tumor models. To date, interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2, transmembrane protein 219, galectin-3, chemo-attractant receptor-homologous 2, and CD44 have been identified as CHI3L1 receptors. CHI3L1 signaling plays a critical role in cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, activation of tumor-associated macrophages, and Th2 polarization of CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, CHI3L1-based targeted therapy has been increasingly applied to the treatment of tumors including glioma and colon cancer as well as rheumatoid arthritis. This review summarizes the potential roles and mechanisms of CHI3L1 in oncogenesis and disease pathogenesis, then posits investigational strategies for targeted therapies.
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Wang S, Hu M, Qian Y, Jiang Z, Shen L, Fu L, Hu Y. CHI3L1 in the pathophysiology and diagnosis of liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110680. [PMID: 32861071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like protein 1(CHI3L1) participates in physiological and pathophysiological process, such as cell survival, cell proliferation, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, etc. Some studies demonstrated that CHI3L1 is liver-enriched and has better application value in staging liver fibrosis than platelet ratio index(APRI) and fibrosis-4 index(FIB-4) and that CHI3L1 can be used in monitoring the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarized the pathophysiological role and the diagnostic value of CHI3L1 in liver fibrosis in different background and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengyuan Hu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yunsong Qian
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhenluo Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Liyun Fu
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315010, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors (Grant No.2019A21003), Ningbo 315010, China.
| | - Yaoren Hu
- Department of Hepatology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315010, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors (Grant No.2019A21003), Ningbo 315010, China.
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Lin B, Ma Y, Wu S, Liu Y, Liu L, Wu L. Novel Serum Biomarkers for Noninvasive Diagnosis and Screening of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Related Hepatic Fibrosis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 23:181-189. [PMID: 30932742 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global public health concern and becoming the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. The estimated global prevalence of NAFLD is ∼25% depending on the country and the assessment method used to establish the diagnosis. Meta-analyses suggest that the highest prevalence is in the Middle East (31.8%) and South America (30.4%), and the lowest in Africa (13.5%). In the United States, between 75 and 100 million individuals were estimated to have NAFLD. This important disease is associated with increased incidence of liver-related deaths, hepatocarcinoma, and overall mortality. Fibrosis stage, among other histological characteristics, is the most critical factor in predicting all-cause and disease-specific mortality in NAFLD. The ability to detect fibrosis early in NAFLD patients is critical in controlling mortality associated with this highly prevalent disease. We present here an expert review on recent advances in novel blood biomarkers, for example, the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive mac-2 binding protein (WFA+-M2BP), type IV collagen 7S, chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1; YKL-40), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Algorithms using multiple biomarkers such as alpha-2-macroglobulin, mir34a, YKL-40, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; NIS4), enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF), Hepascore, FibroMeter, FibroTest, FIBROSpect, FIB-C3, and ADPAPT are highlighted. Novel technologies such as tandem mass spectrometry to directly measure protein turnover rate of the key proteins involved in hepatic fibrosis, as an indicator of fibrogenesis, are also discussed. In conclusion, NAFLD is a growing global health problem that warrants long-term funding, research, and training of scholars across the fields of public health diagnostics, systems sciences, nutrition, hepatology, and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoyang Lin
- 1 Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Proprium Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,3 Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yingying Ma
- 1 Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Proprium Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,2 Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- 4 School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunhua Liu
- 5 Department of Liver Diseases, The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Longgen Liu
- 6 The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Lihua Wu
- 7 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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