Higher salivary expression of S100A12 in patients with ulcerative colitis and chronic periodontitis

S100A12 protein as a porcine health status biomarker when quantified in saliva samples

The S100A12 protein was validated as a biomarker of health status in porcine saliva samples using a semi-quantitative approach based on Western blotting in four healthy and sixteen diseased animals, and in four animals with severe respiratory disease during three days of antibiotic therapy. Afterwards, a non-competitive sandwich immunoassay was then developed, validated, and used to quantify S100A12 in clinical porcine samples, using 14 healthy and 25 diseased pigs. Finally, the S100A12 concentrations in the saliva of ten pigs with respiratory disease were monitored during antibiotic therapy. Diseased animals showed higher concentrations of S100A12 than healthy animals, and the high concentrations of S100A12 in pigs with respiratory distress were reduced after antimicrobial therapy. The assay developed showed good precision and accuracy, as well as a low limit of detection of 3.19 ng/mL. It was possible to store saliva samples at -20 °C, or even at 4 °C, for two weeks before analysis without losing the validity of the results. The concentrations of S100A12 observed in serum and saliva samples showed a moderately positive association with a correlation coefficient of 0.48. The concentrations of the new validated biomarker S100A12 are highly associated with the novel salivary biomarker of inflammation, adenosine deaminase, and moderately to highly associated with the total oxidant status. The results reported in this study provide a new way of evaluating inflammatory diseases in pigs using saliva samples, which should be further explored for disease prevention and monitoring in the field.

Immunological Traits of Patients with Coexistent Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review

This systematic review assessed studies that evaluated the immunological traits of patients with both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontal disease. An electronic search for literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science. Studies that evaluated the immunological response in patients with IBD and periodontal disease were considered eligible for inclusion. A total of 6 cross-sectional studies of 275 patients were included. Immunological analyses were performed in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, serum, intestinal and gingival biopsies. Four studies identified that the presence of IBD and periodontal disease was associated with higher levels of prostaglandin E2, aMMP8, IL-18 and S100A12, respectively, when compared to patients without the coexistence of both diseases. Furthermore, another study identified higher aMMP-8 levels with increasing severity of periodontitis in Crohn’s disease patients. The quality of overall evidence ranged from high to low due to the observational nature of contributing studies. The coexistence of IBD and periodontal disease seems to be associated with a more responsive inflammatory reaction compared with individuals having one or the other. More randomized controlled studies evaluating the coexistence of IBD and periodontitis are required to better explore the immunological interplay between them.