1
|
Mahajan VK, Sharma V, Sharma N, Rani R. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: A comprehensive review. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:3664-3679. [PMID: 37383134 PMCID: PMC10294163 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i16.3664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, a rare form of necrotizing lymphadenitis, is an uncommon, benign, self-limiting disorder of obscure etiology. It affects mostly young adults of both genders. Clinically, it presents with fever and lymphadenopathy of a firm to rubbery consistency frequently involving cervical lymph nodes while weight loss, splenomegaly, leucopenia, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate feature in severely affected patients. Cutaneous involvement occurs in about 30%-40% of cases as facial erythema and nonspecific erythematous papules, plaques, acneiform or morbilliform lesions of great histologic heterogeneity. Both Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and systemic lupus erythematosus share an obscure and complex relationship as systemic lupus erythematosus may occasionally precede, develop subsequently, or sometimes be associated concurrently with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. It is often mistaken for non-Hodgkin lymphoma while lupus lymphadenitis, cat-scratch disease, Sweet's syndrome, Still's disease, drug eruptions, infectious mononucleosis, and viral or tubercular lymphadenitis are other common differentials. Fine needle aspiration cytology mostly has features of nonspecific reactive lymphadenitis and immunohistochemistry studies usually show variable features of uncertain diagnostic value. Since its diagnosis is exclusively from histopathology, it needs to be evaluated more carefully; an early lymph node biopsy will obviate the need for unnecessary investigations and therapeutic trials. Its treatment with systemic corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, or antimicrobial agents mostly remains empirical. The article reviews clinicoepidemiological, diagnostic, and management aspects of KFD from the perspective of practicing clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram K Mahajan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Radhakrishnan Government Medical College, Hamirpur 177001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Radhakrishnan Government Medical College, Hamirpur 177001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Radhakrishnan Government Medical College, Hamirpur 177001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Rani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Radhakrishnan Government Medical College, Hamirpur 177001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kashihara E, Doi K, Fujita K. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults Accompanied with Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease. Intern Med 2022; 61:2527-2532. [PMID: 35705268 PMCID: PMC9449605 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9384-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) complicated with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD). A previously healthy 41-year-old man presented with painful swelling of the cervical lymph nodes, fever, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, edema, and hypotension one month after the onset of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019. Laboratory investigations revealed an elevation of CRP, and echocardiography indicated diastolic dysfunction. We diagnosed the patient to have MIS-A. Histopathology of the lymph nodes showed necrotizing lymphadenitis. After the initiation of hydrocortisone and diuretics, his symptoms resolved immediately. This case suggested that post-viral immune dysregulation in MIS-A could play a role in the etiology of KFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Kashihara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Tenri Hospital, Japan
| | - Kosuke Doi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kohei Fujita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian S, Zhu B, Tian Y, Li J, Peng C. Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis with Cupriavidus Pauculus Infection in a Patient with Graves Hyperthyroidism: A Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1019-1025. [PMID: 35299849 PMCID: PMC8921830 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s349655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) is a self-limiting inflammatory disease presenting with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. However, no case of HNL with confirmed bacterial infection has been reported. A 38-year-old man was admitted to our hospital owing to an intermittent fever from 8 days. He was diagnosed with Graves hyperthyroidism 3 months prior and began taking methimazole tablets orally. Physical examination revealed superficial lymphadenopathy and goiter of the thyroid (grade II). Blood routine showed a decrease in peripheral blood cells, including significant reduction in leukocytes and platelets. A bone marrow culture identified a very rare pathogen, Cupriavidus pauculus, but the antibiotic effect of meropenem was unsatisfactory. Biopsy of the left cervical lymph node revealed HNL, and the patient had no fever after using glucocorticoids. This case report indicates that clinicians should be aware of the coexistence of HNL and bacterial infections, especially in patients with Graves hyperthyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youyou Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Medical University, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Cheng Peng, Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China, Email
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Müller CSL, Vogt T, Becker SL. Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease Triggered by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection-A Report of a Case and a Review of the Literature. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:202-208. [PMID: 32809980 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis that was described for the first time in 1972 in Japan. Its etiology is still not fully understood. It has been reported in association with many different agents, diseases, and triggering factors without any conclusive result. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time a case of KFD with systemic lupus erythematosus in a child in association with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive throat swab for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Although difficult to prove, the acute M. pneumoniae infection might have served as a triggering event for the development of KFD in our case. We encourage further studies to investigate a potential relationship between KFD and M. pneumoniae, which should also use PCR-based testing for this pathogen in patients with KFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia S L Müller
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sören L Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; and
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Halawa ARR, Ahmad MK, Nashwan AJ. An atypical presentation of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: A case report & literature review. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:3515-3519. [PMID: 33363963 PMCID: PMC7752579 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors urge clinicians to consider the possibility of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia with possible correlation with systemic lupus erythematosus in patients presented with lymphadenopathy and fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muayad K. Ahmad
- Department of MedicineHazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCM‐Q)DohaQatar
| | - Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
- Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH)Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC)DohaQatar
- University of Calgary in Qatar (UCQ)DohaQatar
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baenas DF, Diehl FA, Haye Salinas MJ, Riva V, Diller A, Lemos PA. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Med Case Rep J 2016; 9:163-7. [PMID: 27418858 PMCID: PMC4935008 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is an infrequent idiopathic disorder. It has been associated with autoimmune disorders, of which systemic lupus erythematosus is the most outstanding. The basis of its diagnosis relies on the histological examination of lymph nodes, which typically reveals necrosis surrounded by histiocytes with crescentic nucleus, immunoblasts and plasma cells, and absence of neutrophils. We report the case of a 27-year-old Argentinian female patient without any relevant past medical history to demonstrate the correlation between Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Verónica Riva
- Pathology Department, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba Medical Center
| | - Ana Diller
- Pathology Department, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba Medical Center
| | - Pablo A Lemos
- Clinical Medicine Department
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universitary Institute, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma V, Rankin R. Fatal Kikuchi-like lymphadenitis associated with connective tissue disease: a report of two cases and review of the literature. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:167. [PMID: 25897412 PMCID: PMC4398681 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, is usually a benign self-limiting disease which typically affects young females under the age of 30 years and resolves without treatment within six months. However, when it occurs in the context of connective tissue disease, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it is usually associated with a flare-up of the patient's symptoms, requiring treatment, and can lead to severe, potentially life-threatening sequelae. CASE DESCRIPTION Here, we report and compare two cases of unclassifiable connective tissue disease who developed a Kikuchi-like lymphadenitis and sepsis-like clinical syndrome, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, which proved rapidly fatal. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION In our review of the literature, we found 55 cases of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease occurring in the context of definite connective tissue disease, 50 of which were associated with SLE. Of the 55 cases, 22 (40%) had simultaneous onset with, 19 (35%) predated the onset of and 14 (25%) developed after the associated connective tissue disease. Life-threatening autoimmune sequelae were reported in 8 cases, 2 of which were fatal. The aetiology of the association remains unknown. CONCLUSION Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a histopathological diagnosis, and although the classical form appears to represent a distinct entity, it is unclear whether it is always the same entity, regardless of the context in which it occurs, or whether it represents a histological pattern with a variety of possible causes. In any case, the possibility of auto-immune sequelae in patients with known autoimmune disease should always be considered if these patients present with a sepsis-like clinical syndrome and no infective source is identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sharma
- />Department of Pathology, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Scotland
- />Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Aberdeen, Scotland
- />Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Rosslyn Rankin
- />Department of Pathology, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sopeña B, Rivera A, Vázquez-Triñanes C, Fluiters E, González-Carreró J, del Pozo M, Freire M, Martínez-Vázquez C. Autoimmune manifestations of Kikuchi disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011; 41:900-6. [PMID: 22192931 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kikuchi's disease (KD) has been associated with the presence of autoantibodies, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and other autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of autoimmune manifestations in a KD cohort with a long follow-up. METHODS Twenty patients with histologically confirmed KD since January 1990 until December 2010 were studied; 12 of them were periodically followed up as outpatients. Another 7 patients were contacted by telephone to offer them a specific consultation and a complete autoimmunity study. RESULTS Thirteen of 20 patients were women (65%) with a mean age of 29 years (range, 15-79). The age at diagnosis was higher in men (44 vs 27 years, P < 0.05). Lymphopenia was present in 75% of the patients (15/20) and was the more frequent hematological abnormality. The mean follow-up of the 17 patients included in the autoimmunity study was 119 months (range, 15-252). Autoimmune diseases were detected in 9 women (53%): SLE was diagnosed in 4 patients (2 SLE before, 1 simultaneous, and 1 after KD), 2 patients developed primary Sjögren's syndrome after KD, 1 thyroiditis before KD, 1 SLE-like, and 1 antiphospholipid antibodies after KD. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis was found in 2 patients; 1 of them eventually developed SLE. Female sex, painful adenopathies, and cytopenias were significantly associated with autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with KD, only women developed autoimmune manifestations. Therefore, long-term follow-up and active surveillance of autoimmune diseases in patients with KD, especially women, are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Sopeña
- Thrombosis and Vasculitis Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario of Vigo (CHUVI), Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abraham M, Lazareth I, Bonardel G, Albiges L, Dechaud C, Marini V, Michon-Pasturel U, Molinier V, Priollet P. [Kikuchi disease and lupus: case report, literature review and FDG PET/CT interest]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 36:274-9. [PMID: 21757306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmv.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kikuchi disease is a rare entity characterized by lymphadenopathy and fever. Pathology study of lymph node biopsies provides the diagnosis. The disease course is favorable. The disease can occur isolated, or associated with other pathologies including lupus or mixed connective tissue disease. We report a case of Kikuchi disease in a 35-year-old woman, occurring 12 years after the diagnosis of overlap syndrome with antiphospholipid antibodies. The patient was given prednisone 25mg per day and long-term hydroxychloroquine. FDG PET/CT showed FDG-avidity nodular masses. After bolus corticosteroid therapy, outcome was favorable with disappearance of metabolic hyperactivity on the FDG PET/CT. The bolus prednisone treatment could then be discontinued. In the 61 cases of Kikuchi disease and lupus associations previously published, Kikuchi disease was diagnosed after lupus in only 13 % of the observations. In these cases, use of FDG PET/ CT was not reported. For us, FDG PET/CT was useful for diagnosis, for choosing the biopsy site and for follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Abraham
- Service de médecine vasculaire, groupe hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garcia-Zamalloa A, Taboada-Gomez J, Bernardo-Galán P, Magdalena FM, Zaldumbide-Dueñas L, Ugarte-Maiztegui M. Bilateral pleural effusion and interstitial lung disease as unusual manifestations of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: case report and literature review. BMC Pulm Med 2010; 10:54. [PMID: 21054856 PMCID: PMC2991292 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-10-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease (KFD), also called histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare, idiopathic and self-limited condition usually characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy and fever, most often affecting young patients. Aetiology is unknown. Differential diagnosis includes mainly malignant lymphoma, tuberculous lymphadenitis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), so early diagnosis is crucial. Pleuropulmonary involvement due to isolated KFD has been seldom reported. Case Presentation a 32-year-old man, on treatment for iatrogenic hypothyroidism, was admitted due to high grade fever and painful cervical lymphadenopathies. KFD was diagnosed by lymph node biopsy. Some days after admission the patient got worse, he developed generalized lymphadenopathy, bilateral pleural effusion and interstitial lung disease. All of them resolved with prednisone and after two years of following up he remains asymptomatic and without evidence of any other associated disease. Conclusion Pleural effusion and interstitial lung disease are very uncommon manifestations of KFD. In our experience, treatment with oral prednisone was effective.
Collapse
|
11
|
Allmendinger AM, Spektor V, Sadler M, Harrington W, McLaughlin V. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease with spontaneous subdural hematoma in a middle-aged Hispanic male. Clin Imaging 2010; 34:388-92. [PMID: 20813306 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is an uncommon disorder that usually presents in young adults of Asian descent with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Clinically, this disease is often misdiagnosed as lymphoma or tuberculosis, and biopsy is needed for confirmation. The authors report an unusual case of KFD in a Hispanic male presenting with a subacute subdural hematoma, whose care was complicated by extranodal features not typically associated with KFD. The clinical, histopathologic, and radiographic manifestations of KFD are discussed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
To investigate the clinical features of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) and the relationship between viral infection and this disease in children will be better as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a lymphadenopathy. The aim of study is to investigate the clinical features of KFD and the relationship. The age, gender, clinical features and aetiopathogenesis of 36 Chinese children with FKD were reviewed, and the viral antigens were detected. Mean age was 10.1 +/- 2.8 yr with a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. Fever and lymphadenopathy were the most common complaints, noted in 23 and all cases respectively. Skin rash and hepatosplenomegaly were also noted. Leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia and raised ESR were noted in 21, 6, 4 and 31 cases respectively. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgM and IgG was positive in 1 and 24 of 29 cases respectively. Antigens of EBV and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV 2) were found in the biopsy tissue section from 2 and 1 case respectively. Autoantibodies were noted in 3 of 15 cases. Steroid hormones were administrated for 19 cases with good efficacy. These results imply that children with lymphadenopathy and/or fever may have KFD and thus excisional biopsy of lymph nodes should be performed earlier on. A hyperimmune reaction of immune cells to EBV and HSV2 may play a role in the pathology of KFD.
Collapse
|