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Bak SL, Cha SH, Park SB, Jiang S, Hyun TK, Jang KI. Quality Characteristics of Noodles Produced Using Steam-Treated Dough Prepared with Psyllium Husk and Soaked-and-Dried Soybean. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5351057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the quality characteristics of wheat-free, gluten-free dough, steam-treated dough, and cooked noodles. Dough was prepared from soaked-and-dried soybean (SDS) powder amended with 10%, 25%, or 40% psyllium husk; the SDS was prepared by soaking soybeans for 12 h at room temperature and hot air drying at 60°C for 24 h. Dough was then steam-treated at 120°C for 5, 10, or 15 min and subsequently formed into noodles. Dough and noodle can be made using SDS powder and psyllium husk powder, but it is difficult to maintain noodle shape after cooking without steam treatment. Steam treatment improved the texture of the dough, enabling noodle production. The hardness, gumminess, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the steam-treated dough were improved compared to nonsteamed dough, yielding a texture similar to wheat flour dough. Moreover, the dough cross-section became denser after steam treatment. As the cooking time increased, the hardness, gumminess, cohesiveness, and chewiness of cooked noodles decreased, and the springiness of cooked noodles increased by increasing of water absorption rate; overall, their form was maintained. Therefore, steam-treated psyllium husk-containing dough enables noodle production without the addition of gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Lim Bak
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 28644 Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeon Cha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 28644 Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 28644 Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shangle Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 28644 Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, 28644 Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Il Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 28644 Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Sabença C, Ribeiro M, de Sousa T, Poeta P, Bagulho AS, Igrejas G. Wheat/Gluten-Related Disorders and Gluten-Free Diet Misconceptions: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:1765. [PMID: 34441542 PMCID: PMC8391170 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 10,000 years, wheat has become one of the most important cereals in the human diet and today, it is widely consumed in many processed food products. Mostly considered a source of energy, wheat also contains other essential nutrients, including fiber, proteins, and minor components, such as phytochemicals, vitamins, lipids, and minerals, that together promote a healthy diet. Apart from its nutritional properties, wheat has a set of proteins, the gluten, which confer key technical properties, but also trigger severe immune-mediated diseases, such as celiac disease. We are currently witnessing a rise in the number of people adhering to gluten-free diets unwarranted by any medical need. In this dynamic context, this review aims to critically discuss the nutritional components of wheat, highlighting both the health benefits and wheat/gluten-related disorders, in order to address common misconceptions associated with wheat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Sabença
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.R.); (T.d.S.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-546 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Miguel Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.R.); (T.d.S.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-546 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Telma de Sousa
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.R.); (T.d.S.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-546 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-546 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Bagulho
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research (INIAV), Estrada Gil Vaz, Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal;
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.R.); (T.d.S.)
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unity, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of Lisbon, 2829-546 Lisbon, Portugal;
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Esteve M, Rosinach M, Llordés M, Calpe J, Montserrat G, Pujals M, Cela A, Carrasco A, Ibarra M, Ruiz-Ramirez P, Tristán E, Arau B, Ferrer C, Mariné M, Ribes J, Fernández-Bañares F. Case-finding in primary care for coeliac disease: Accuracy and cost-effectiveness of a rapid point-of-care test. United European Gastroenterol J 2018; 6:855-865. [PMID: 30023063 PMCID: PMC6047282 DOI: 10.1177/2050640618761700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An on-site, rapid, fingertip, whole-blood point-of-care test (POCT) is attractive for active case-finding of coeliac disease (CD) in primary care because of its simplicity. Aim The aim of this article is to assess the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of adult case-finding using a POCT based on deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies (IgA/IgG-DGP) in primary care for CD diagnosis. Methods A case-finding study for CD was conducted by using an easy-to-use, on-site, whole-blood for IgA/IgG-DGP-based fingertip POCT compared with tTG2 in 350 individuals. Sample size was calculated based on 0.28% prevalence in the reference population. Duodenal biopsies for histology, intraepithelial lymphocytes and in situ deposition of tTG2 were obtained if tTG2 and/or POCT were positive. Accuracy and cost-effectiveness of strategies using serology or POCT were calculated. Results Prevalence of CD was 1.14% (95% CI, 0.3–3.4), almost double what was previously observed. Four patients were diagnosed with CD. tTG2 was positive in three (0.85%) and POCT in 29 (8.2%). Sensitivity of POCT for CD was 100%, specificity 93%, PPV 14%, and NPV 100%. POCT followed by duodenal biopsy was the most cost-effective approach in our setting (standard diagnosis: €13,033/case; POCT + duodenal biopsy: €7360/case). Conclusions A negative POCT allows ruling out CD in primary care, making it suitable for case-finding. POCT strategy was the most cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esteve
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
- Maria Esteve, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Pl. Dr. Robert 5, 08221, Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Mercè Rosinach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Llordés
- Sud, Oest and Rambla Primary Care Centers, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Calpe
- Sud, Oest and Rambla Primary Care Centers, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glòria Montserrat
- Sud, Oest and Rambla Primary Care Centers, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Pujals
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel Cela
- Sud, Oest and Rambla Primary Care Centers, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carrasco
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ibarra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Ramirez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Tristán
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arau
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Ferrer
- Sud, Oest and Rambla Primary Care Centers, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Mariné
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josepa Ribes
- Cancer Plan of the Catalan Government, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona; Cancer Epidemiology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Bañares
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
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Horwitz A, Skaaby T, Kårhus LL, Schwarz P, Jørgensen T, Rumessen JJ, Linneberg A. Screening for celiac disease in Danish adults. Scand J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:824-31. [PMID: 25687734 PMCID: PMC4487537 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1010571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) as recorded in the Danish National Patient Registry is ∼50/100,000 persons. This is much lower than the reported prevalence of CD in other Nordic countries and underdiagnosis is suspected. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of CD in a population-based study of Danish adults. METHODS A total of 2297 adults aged 24-76 years living in the southwestern part of Copenhagen were screened for CD by immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG antibodies to transglutaminases and deamidated gliadin. IgA/IgG-positive participants were invited to a clinical evaluation, including biopsies, by a gastroenterologist. RESULTS Of the invited 56 participants, 40 underwent a full clinical evaluation and 8 persons were diagnosed with CD; 2 of the 16 persons, who did not complete the clinical evaluation, were considered by experts to have probable CD. None of the above 56 participants had a known history of CD or a recorded diagnosis of CD in National Patient Registry. By combining cases of biopsy-proven CD (n = 8), probable CD (n = 2), and registry-recorded CD (n = 1), the prevalence of CD was estimated to be 479/100,000 (11/2297) persons (95% CI: 197-761). CONCLUSION In this general adult population, the prevalence of CD as estimated by screening and clinical evaluation was 10 times higher than the registry-based prevalence of CD. Of 11 participants diagnosed with CD in our screening study, 10 were unaware of the diagnosis prior to the study. Thus, our study suggests that CD is markedly underdiagnosed in Danish adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Horwitz
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Araya M, Oyarzun A, Lucero Y, Espinosa N, Pérez-Bravo F. DQ2, DQ7 and DQ8 Distribution and Clinical Manifestations in Celiac Cases and Their First-Degree Relatives. Nutrients 2015; 7:4955-65. [PMID: 26096569 PMCID: PMC4488825 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-linked genes are relevant to celiac disease (CD); the potential genetic differences present worldwide are not fully understood. Previous results suggest that the distribution of HLA-DQ2/DQ7/DQ8 in Chile may differ from that in Europe and North America. In celiac patients and their first-degree relatives (FDRS), we assessed their clinical, serological and histological characteristics, determined HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ7 and HLA-DQ8 alleles and genotypes, and evaluated the relations between them. A total of 222 individuals were assessed (56 cases, 166 FDRs). 16.9% of FDRs were tTG positive; 53.6% of them showed overweight/obesity and 3% undernourishment; they spontaneously declared being asymptomatic, but detailed questioning revealed that 60.7% experienced symptoms, which had not been investigated. DQ2 was present in 53.9% and 43.9.0% of cases and FDRs (p < 0.05). The most frequent genotype distribution was DQ2/DQ7 (fr 0.392 (cases) and 0.248 (FDRs), respectively, p < 0.02). The next most common genotypes were HLA-DQ2/DQ8 (fr 0.236 in FDRs and 0.176 in cases, p < 0.05). 3.92% cases were not HLA-DQ2/DQ8 carriers. Among tTG positive FDRs, 57.4%, 22.3% and 20.2% carried DQ2, DQ7 and DQ8, respectively. In cases, 72.7% of the biopsies classified Marsh ≥ 3 carried at least one DQ2; 91.7% of DQ2/DQ2 and 88.3% of DQ2/DQ7 were Marsh ≥ 3. Thus, DQ2 frequency is lower than reported; the higher frequency found for DQ8 and DQ7 concur with recent publications from Argentine and Brazil. These results suggest that although CD may manifest clinically in ways similar to those described in other populations, some genetic peculiarities in this region deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Araya
- Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Amaya Oyarzun
- Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Yalda Lucero
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Schyum AC, Rumessen JJ. Serological testing for celiac disease in adults. United European Gastroenterol J 2014; 1:319-25. [PMID: 24917978 DOI: 10.1177/2050640613502788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We present a systematic review on the performance of currently available methods for serological diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) and the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing. OBJECTIVE A literature survey was conducted using PubMed, MeSH database, Web of Science as well as manual searches. RESULTS Tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG) (IgA) (tested in nine studies) show sensitivities and specificities in the range of 0.76-0.968 and 0.909-0.98, and deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) (IgA and IgG) (tested in eight studies) show sensitivities and specificities in the range of 0.69-0.984 and 0.903-1. Endomysial antibodies (EMA) (tested in five studies) show sensitivities and specificities in the range of 0.61-0.937 and 0.98-1, respectively. Combination assays (tested in three studies) using DGP + tTG and DGP (IgA + IgG) show sensitivities and specificities in the range of 0.87-1 and 0.8-1, respectively. HLA DQ2/DQ8 may be necessary for the development of CD-HLA DQ2 in particular. A possible close correlation may also exist between CD and HLA-G. CONCLUSION DGP and tTG for serological testing for CD show equivalent diagnostic performance. More studies with, in particular, DGP alone and in combination with tTG are necessary before a firm recommendation can be made. HLA typing to exclude CD may still be controversial. It still seems premature to diagnose celiac disease in adults based on serology alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Collatz Schyum
- Gentofte Hospital HR-Research Unit and Department of Gastroenterology F, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jüri Johannes Rumessen
- Gentofte Hospital HR-Research Unit and Department of Gastroenterology F, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Uenishi RH, Gandolfi L, Almeida LM, Fritsch PM, Almeida FC, Nóbrega YKM, Pratesi R. Screening for celiac disease in 1st degree relatives: a 10-year follow-up study. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:36. [PMID: 24552206 PMCID: PMC3941942 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although it is known that first degree relatives of celiac patients have an increased risk for celiac disease few studies are available on its incidence. We investigated the incidence of serologic conversion and of new cases of celiac disease among first degree relatives with negative results at a first screening. Methods From a total of 634 first degree relatives of 186 biopsy-proven celiac disease patients diagnosed between October 2000 and October 2010, 450 subjects agreed to participate in the study (Group I), and underwent serologic screening. Between January 2010 and October 2012, out of the initial group of 450, 205 previously sero-negative subjects consented to participate in a second stage of the study and undergo new serologic testing (Group II). All serologically positive individuals of both groups (I and II) were genotyped for celiac disease-predisposing alleles (HLA-DQ2/DQ8). Results 19 subjects (4.2%) out of the 450 subjects of Group I disclosed positive serologic results, presence of DQ2 and/or DQ8 alleles and celiac disease-compatible mucosal abnormalities. The 205 previously negative first degree relatives from Group II that underwent new serologic testing disclosed eight sero-converted subjects. Mucosal abnormalities in five of these patients confirmed the diagnosis of celiac disease. During the 10-year period of the study the incidence of sero-conversion was 8/205 and the incidence of biopsy-proven celiac disease cases was 5/205. Conclusions Our data are coincident with other works on this subject and confirm once again that relatives of celiac patients, especially first degree relatives are at high risk of developing celiac disease. In view of the relatively low incidence further studies are needed to try to establish a useful and cost-effective algorithm for follow-up of relatives of celiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Riccardo Pratesi
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasilia School of Health Sciences, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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Kiefte-de Jong JC, Jaddoe VWV, Uitterlinden AG, Steegers EAP, Willemsen SP, Hofman A, Hooijkaas H, Moll HA. Levels of antibodies against tissue transglutaminase during pregnancy are associated with reduced fetal weight and birth weight. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:726-735.e2. [PMID: 23313966 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Celiac disease in pregnant women has been associated with poor growth of the fetus, but little is known about how the level of celiac disease affects fetal growth or birth outcomes. We assessed the associations between levels of antibodies against tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG, a marker of celiac disease) and fetal growth and birth outcomes for pregnant women. METHODS We performed a population-based prospective birth cohort study of 7046 pregnant women. Serum samples were collected during the second trimester of pregnancy and analyzed for levels of anti-tTG. Based on these levels, the women were categorized into 3 groups: negative anti-tTG (≤0.79 U/mL; n = 6702), intermediate anti-tTG (0.8 to ≤6 U/mL; n = 308), or positive anti-tTG (>6 U/mL; n = 36). Data on fetal growth and birth outcomes were collected from ultrasound measurements and medical records. RESULTS Fetuses of women in the positive anti-tTG group weighed 16 g less than those of women in the negative anti-tTG group (95% confidence interval [CI], -32 to -1 g) during the second trimester and weighed 74 g less (95% CI, -140 to -8 g) during the third trimester. Newborns of women in the intermediate and positive anti-tTG groups weighed 53 g (95% CI, -106 to -1 g) and 159 g (95% CI, -316 to -1 g) less at birth, respectively, than those of women in the negative anti-tTG group. The reduction in birth weight in offspring of mothers in the intermediate anti-tTG group was 2-fold greater among mothers who carried HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 than among those without HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8. CONCLUSIONS Levels of anti-tTG in pregnant women are inversely associated with fetal growth. Growth was reduced to the greatest extent in fetuses of women with the highest levels of anti-tTG (>6 U/mL). Birth weight was also reduced in women with intermediate levels of anti-tTG (0.8 to ≤6 U/mL) and further reduced in those carrying HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8.
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Solak Y, Gaipov A, Biyik Z, Ucar R, Biyik M, Esen H, Ataseven H, Turk S. Unintentional weight loss in a renal transplant recipient: do not overlook coeliac disease. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2012. [PMID: 23194369 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2012.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Unintentional weight loss in a renal transplant recipient is an important condition, requiring diagnostic search within the framework of malignancy and opportunistic infections. To the best of our knowledge, there are no data in the literature reporting underlying coeliac disease as the cause of significant weight loss after renal transplant. We report a 32-year-old woman, who complained of significant weight loss during the 3.5 years posttransplant. Diagnostic work-up revealed coeliac disease, and a gluten-free diet stabilized her weight loss. Considering the high frequency of coeliac disease, this should be kept in the differential diagnosis of renal transplant recipients presented with weight loss and other suggestive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Solak
- Selcuk University, Meram School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Meram, Konya, Turkey.
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Rubio-Tapia A, Ludvigsson JF, Brantner TL, Murray JA, Everhart JE. The prevalence of celiac disease in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107:1538-44; quiz 1537, 1545. [PMID: 22850429 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2012.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in the United States is unknown. We sought to estimate CD prevalence nationwide by using a nationally representative sample. METHODS This study included 7,798 persons aged 6 years or older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010. Serum samples from all participants were tested for immunoglobulin A (IgA) tissue transglutaminase antibodies and, if findings were abnormal, also for IgA endomysial antibodies. Information about prior diagnosis of CD and use of a gluten-free diet (GFD) was obtained by direct interview. CD was defined as having either double-positive serology (serologically diagnosed CD) or a reported diagnosis of CD by a doctor or other health-care professional and being on a GFD (reported clinical diagnosis of CD). RESULTS CD was found in 35 participants, 29 of whom were unaware of their diagnosis. Median age was 45 years (interquartile range, 23-66 years); 20 were women and 29 were non-Hispanic white. The prevalence of CD in the United States was 0.71% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58-0.86%), with 1.01% (95% CI, 0.78-1.31%) among non-Hispanic whites. In all, 55 participants reported following a GFD, which corresponded to a prevalence of 0.63% (95% CI, 0.36-1.07%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CD in the United States was 0.71% (1 in 141), similar to that found in several European countries. However, most cases were undiagnosed. CD was rare among minority groups but affected 1% of non-Hispanic whites. Most persons who were following a GFD did not have a diagnosis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rubio-Tapia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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