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Kobayashi H, Asano T, Tanaka T, Suzuki H, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Determination of the Binding Epitope of an Anti-Mouse CCR9 Monoclonal Antibody (C 9Mab-24) Using the 1× Alanine and 2× Alanine-Substitution Method. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12010011. [PMID: 36810516 PMCID: PMC9945134 DOI: 10.3390/antib12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) is a receptor for C-C-chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25). CCR9 is crucial in the chemotaxis of immune cells and inflammatory responses. Moreover, CCR9 is highly expressed in tumors, including several solid tumors and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Several preclinical studies have shown that anti-CCR9 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exert antitumor activity. Therefore, CCR9 is an attractive target for tumor therapy. In this study, we conducted the epitope mapping of an anti-mouse CCR9 (mCCR9) mAb, C9Mab-24 (rat IgG2a, kappa), using the 1× alanine (1× Ala)- and 2× alanine (2× Ala)-substitution methods via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We first performed the 1× Ala-substitution method using one alanine-substituted peptides of the mCCR9 N-terminus (amino acids 1-19). C9Mab-24 did not recognize two peptides (F14A and F17A), indicating that Phe14 and Phe17 are critical for C9Mab-24-binding to mCCR9. Furthermore, we conducted the 2× Ala-substitution method using two consecutive alanine-substituted peptides of the mCCR9 N-terminus, and showed that C9Mab-24 did not react with four peptides (M13A-F14A, F14A-D15A, D16A-F17A, and F17A-S18A), indicating that 13-MFDDFS-18 is involved in C9Mab-24-binding to mCCR9. Overall, combining, the 1× Ala- or 2× Ala-scanning methods could be useful for understanding for target-antibody interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiyori Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.K.); Tel.: +81-22-717-8207 (H.S. & Y.K.)
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.K.); Tel.: +81-22-717-8207 (H.S. & Y.K.)
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Wu X, Sun M, Yang Z, Lu C, Wang Q, Wang H, Deng C, Liu Y, Yang Y. The Roles of CCR9/CCL25 in Inflammation and Inflammation-Associated Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686548. [PMID: 34490243 PMCID: PMC8416662 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine is a structure-related protein with a relatively small molecular weight, which can target cells to chemotaxis and promote inflammatory response. Inflammation plays an important role in aging. C-C chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) and its ligand C-C chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25) are involved in the regulating the occurrence and development of various diseases, which has become a research hotspot. Early research analysis of CCR9-deficient mouse models also confirmed various physiological functions of this chemokine in inflammatory responses. Moreover, CCR9/CCL25 has been shown to play an important role in a variety of inflammation-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, etc. Therefore, the purpose of this review gives an overview of the recent advances in understanding the roles of CCR9/CCL25 in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases, which will contribute to the design of future experimental studies on the potential of CCR9/CCL25 and advance the research of CCR9/CCL25 as pharmacological inflammatory targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yonglin Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Shenmu Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Shenmu, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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Suppression of plasmacytoid dendritic cell migration to colonic isolated lymphoid follicles abrogates the development of colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111881. [PMID: 34246191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in maintaining immunological homeostasis by orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses via migration to inflamed sites and the lymph nodes (LNs). Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) have been reported to accumulate in the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. However, the role of pDCs in the progression of colonic inflammation remains unclear. METHODS 80 compounds in natural medicines were searched for inhibitors of pDC migration using bone marrow-derived pDCs (BMpDCs) and conventional DCs (BMcDCs). BALB/c mice were given 3% DSS in the drinking water to induce acute colitis. Compounds, which specifically inhibited pDC migration, were administrated into DSS-induced colitis mice. FINDINGS Astragaloside IV (As-IV) and oxymatrine (Oxy) suppressed BMpDC migration but not BMcDC migration. In DSS-induced colitis mice, the number of pDCs was markedly increased in the colonic lamina propria (LP), and the expression of CCL21 was obviously observed in colonic isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs). As-IV and Oxy reduced symptoms of colitis and the accumulation of pDCs in colonic ILFs but not in the colonic LP. Moreover, in a BMpDC adoptive transfer model, BMpDC migration to colonic ILFs was significantly decreased by treatment with As-IV or Oxy. INTERPRETATION pDCs accumulated in the colon of colitis mice, and As-IV and Oxy ameliorated colitis by suppressing pDC migration to colonic ILFs. Accordingly, the selective inhibition of pDC migration may be a potential therapeutic approach for treating colonic inflammatory diseases.
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Gao W, Wang Y, Bi J, Chen X, Li N, Wang Y, Tang H, Mao J. Impaired CCR9/CCL25 signalling induced by inefficient dendritic cells contributes to intestinal immune imbalance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:34-40. [PMID: 33310185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal crosstalk between gut immune and the liver was involved in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mice with methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH presented an imbalance of pro-(IL-6 and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in the intestine. We also clarified that the ratio of CD4+ T cells and found that the NASH mesenteric lymph node (MLN) presents decreased numbers of CD4+Th17 cells but increased numbers of CD4+CD8+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, the intestinal immune imbalance in NASH was attributed to impaired gut chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9)/chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25) signalling, which is a crucial pathway for immune cell homing in the gut. We also demonstrated that CD4+CCR9+ T cell homing was dependent on CCL25 and that the numbers and migration abilities of CD4+CCR9+ T cells were reduced in NASH. Interestingly, the analysis of dendritic cell (DC) subsets showed that the numbers and retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH) activity of CD103+CD11b+ DCs were decreased and that the ability of these cells to upregulate CD4+ T cell CCR9 expression was damaged in NASH. Taken together, impaired intestinal CCR9/CCL25 signalling induced by CD103+CD11b+ DC dysfunction contributes to the gut immune imbalance observed in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yufen Wang
- Department of GI Endoscopy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingde Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haiying Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jingwei Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Pathak M, Lal G. The Regulatory Function of CCR9 + Dendritic Cells in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:536326. [PMID: 33123124 PMCID: PMC7566413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.536326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor CCR9 is a G protein–coupled receptor and expressed on several types of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+ T cells, and B cells. CCR9 drives the migration of immune cells to gradients of its cognate ligand CCL25. The chemokine CCL25 is mostly produced by gut and thymic epithelial cells. Gut- and thymic-homing DCs are known to express CCR9, and these cells are predominantly localized in the gut lining and thymus. CCR9+ DCs are implicated in regulating inflammation, food allergy, alloimmunity, and autoimmunity. Differential interaction of CCR9+ DCs with lymphoid and myeloid cells in the thymus, secondary lymphoid tissues, and mucosal sites offer crucial insights to immune regulation. In this review, we examine the phenotypes, distributions, and interactions of CCR9+ DCs with other immune cells, elucidating their functions and role in inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pathak
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
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Pathak M, Padghan P, Halder N, Shilpi, Kulkarni N, Sonar SA, Lal G. CCR9 signaling in dendritic cells drives the differentiation of Foxp3 + Tregs and suppresses the allergic IgE response in the gut. Eur J Immunol 2019; 50:404-417. [PMID: 31755547 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR9 and its only known ligand CCL25 play an important role in gut inflammation and autoimmune colitis. The function of CCR9-CCL25 in the migration of immune cells is well characterized. However, its role in the immune cell differentiation is mostly not known. Using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced gut inflammation model, we showed that CCR9+ dendritic cells (DCs) specifically CD11b- CD103+ DCs were significantly increased in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) compared to control mice. These CCR9+ DCs express lower MHC II and CD86 molecules and had regulatory surface markers (FasL and latency-associated peptide, LAP) in the GALT. In the presence of CCL25, CCR9+ DCs promoted in vitro differentiation of Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs). CCL25-induced differentiation of Tregs was due to intrinsic signaling in the DCs but not through CD4+ T cells, which was driven by the production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and not IL-10. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of CCR9+ DCs in C57BL/6 mice promoted Tregs but reduced the Th17 cells in the GALT, and also suppressed the OVA-specific gut-allergic response. Our results suggest CCR9+ DCs have a regulatory function and may provide a new cellular therapeutic strategy to control gut inflammation and allergic immune reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pathak
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Priyanka Padghan
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Namrita Halder
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Shilpi
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Neeraja Kulkarni
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Sandip A Sonar
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
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Trivedi PJ, Adams DH. Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Pitfalls and Promise. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:S641-S652. [PMID: 30137309 PMCID: PMC6104621 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The principal targets for anti-chemokine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been the receptors CCR9 and CXCR3 and their respective ligands CCL25 and CXCL10. More recently CCR6 and its ligand CCL20 have also received attention, the expression of the latter in enterocytes being manipulated through Smad7 signalling. These pathways, selected based on their fundamental role in regulating mucosal immunity, have led to the development of several therapeutic candidates that have been tested in early phase clinical trials with variable clinical efficacy. In this article, we appraise the status of chemokine-directed therapy in IBD, review recent developments, and nominate future areas for therapeutic focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak J Trivedi
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David H Adams
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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8
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CCR9 Is a Key Regulator of Early Phases of Allergic Airway Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3635809. [PMID: 27795621 PMCID: PMC5067335 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3635809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation is the most common hallmark of allergic asthma. Chemokine receptors involved in leukocyte recruitment are closely related to the pathology in asthma. CCR9 has been described as a homeostatic and inflammatory chemokine receptor, but its role and that of its ligand CCL25 during lung inflammation remain unknown. To investigate the role of CCR9 as a modulator of airway inflammation, we established an OVA-induced allergic inflammation model in CCR9-deficient mice. Here, we report the expression of CCR9 and CCL25 as early as 6 hours post-OVA challenge in eosinophils and T-lymphocytes. Moreover, in challenged CCR9-deficient mice, cell recruitment was impaired at peribronchial and perivenular levels. OVA-administration in CCR9-deficient mice leads to a less inflammatory cell recruitment, which modifies the expression of IL-10, CCL11, and CCL25 at 24 hours after OVA challenge. In contrast, the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 was not affected in CCR9-deficient mice compared to WT mice. These results demonstrate for the first time that CCR9 and CCL25 expressions are induced in the early stages of airway inflammation and they have an important role modulating eosinophils and lymphocytes recruitment at the first stages of inflammatory process, suggesting that they might be a potential target to regulate inflammation in asthma.
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Heier CR, Fiorillo AA, Chaisson E, Gordish-Dressman H, Hathout Y, Damsker JM, Hoffman EP, Conklin LS. Identification of Pathway-Specific Serum Biomarkers of Response to Glucocorticoid and Infliximab Treatment in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016; 7:e192. [PMID: 27628422 PMCID: PMC5288595 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum biomarkers may serve to predict early response to therapy, identify relapse, and facilitate drug development in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Biomarkers are particularly important in children, in whom achieving early remission and minimizing procedures are especially beneficial. METHODS We profiled protein and micro RNA (miRNA) in serum from patients pre- and post-therapy, to identify molecular markers of pharmacodynamic effect. Serum was obtained from children with IBD before and after treatment with either corticosteroids (prednisone; n=12) or anti-tumor necrosis factor-α biologic (infliximab; n=7). Over 1,100 serum proteins were assayed using aptamer-based SOMAscan proteomics, and 22 miRNAs analyzed by quantitative real time PCR. Concordance of longitudinal changes between the groups was used to identify markers responsive to treatment. Bioinformatic analysis was used to build insight into mechanisms of changes in response to treatment. RESULTS We identified 18 proteins and three miRNAs responsive to both prednisone and infliximab. Eight markers that decreased are associated with inflammation and have gene promoters regulated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Several that increased are associated with resolving inflammation and tissue damage. We also identified six markers that appear to be steroid-specific, three of which have glucocorticoid receptor binding elements in their promoter region. CONCLUSIONS Serum markers regulated by the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB are potential candidates for pharmacodynamic biomarkers that, if correlated with later outcomes like endoscopic or histologic healing, could be used to monitor treatment, optimize dosing, and enhance drug development. The pharmacodynamic biomarkers identified here hold potential to improve both clinical care and drug development. Further studies are warranted to investigate these markers as early predictors of response, or possibly surrogate outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Heier
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Alyson A Fiorillo
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ellen Chaisson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yetrib Hathout
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jesse M Damsker
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,ReveraGen BioPharma, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,ReveraGen BioPharma, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Laurie S Conklin
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
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Trivedi PJ, Schmidt C, Bruns T. Letter: the therapeutic potential of targeting CCL25/CCR9 in colonic inflammatory bowel disease - reading between the lines. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:307-8. [PMID: 27375100 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Trivedi
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham, Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham Queen Elizabeth, Birmingham, UK.
| | - C Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - T Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Yang GY, Zhu YH, Zhang W, Zhou D, Zhai CC, Wang JF. Influence of orally fed a select mixture of Bacillus probiotics on intestinal T-cell migration in weaned MUC4 resistant pigs following Escherichia coli challenge. Vet Res 2016; 47:71. [PMID: 27424033 PMCID: PMC4947265 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient strategies for treating enteritis caused by F4+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)/verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC)/enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) in mucin 4 resistant (MUC4 RR; supposed to be F4ab/ac receptor–negative [F4ab/acR−]) pigs remain elusive. A low (3.9 × 108 CFU/day) or high (7.8 × 108 CFU/day) dose of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spore mixture (BLS-mix) was orally administered to MUC4 RR piglets for 1 week before F4+ ETEC/VTEC/EPEC challenge. Orally fed BLS-mix upregulated the expression of TLR4, NOD2, iNOS, IL-8, and IL-22 mRNAs in the small intestine of pigs challenged with E. coli. Expression of chemokine CCL28 and its receptor CCR10 mRNAs was upregulated in the jejunum of pigs pretreated with high-dose BLS-mix. Low-dose BLS-mix pretreatment induced an increase in the proportion of peripheral blood CD4−CD8− T-cell subpopulations and high-dose BLS-mix induced the expansion of CD4−CD8− T cells in the inflamed intestine. Immunostaining revealed that considerable IL-7Rα–expressing cells accumulated at the lamina propria of the inflamed intestines after E. coli challenge, even in pigs pretreated with either low- or high-dose BLS-mix, although Western blot analysis of IL-7Rα expression in the intestinal mucosa did not show any change. Our data indicate that oral administration of the probiotic BLS-mix partially ameliorates E. coli-induced enteritis through facilitating upregulation of intestinal IL-22 and IκBα expression, and preventing loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity via elevating ZO-1 expression. However, IL-22 also elicits an inflammatory response in inflamed intestines as a result of infection with enteropathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao-Hong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cong-Cong Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiu-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Galand C, Leyva-Castillo JM, Yoon J, Han A, Lee MS, McKenzie ANJ, Stassen M, Oyoshi MK, Finkelman FD, Geha RS. IL-33 promotes food anaphylaxis in epicutaneously sensitized mice by targeting mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1356-1366. [PMID: 27372570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous exposure to food allergens predisposes to food allergy, which is commonly associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). Levels of the epithelial cytokine IL-33 are increased in skin lesions and serum of patients with AD. Mast cells (MCs) play a critical role in food-induced anaphylaxis and express the IL-33 receptor ST2. The role of IL-33 in patients with MC-dependent food anaphylaxis is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role and mechanism of action of IL-33 in patients with food-induced anaphylaxis in a model of IgE-dependent food anaphylaxis elicited by oral challenge of epicutaneously sensitized mice. METHODS Wild-type, ST2-deficient, and MC-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice were epicutaneously sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged orally with OVA. Body temperature was measured by means of telemetry, Il33 mRNA by means of quantitative PCR, and IL-33, OVA-specific IgE, and mouse mast cell protease 1 by means of ELISA. Bone marrow-derived mast cell (BMMC) degranulation was assessed by using flow cytometry. RESULTS Il33 mRNA expression was upregulated in tape-stripped mouse skin and scratched human skin. Tape stripping caused local and systemic IL-33 release in mice. ST2 deficiency, as well as ST2 blockade before oral challenge, significantly reduced the severity of oral anaphylaxis without affecting the systemic TH2 response to the allergen. Oral anaphylaxis was abrogated in KitW-sh/W-sh mice and restored by means of reconstitution with wild-type but not ST2-deficient BMMCs. IL-33 significantly enhanced IgE-mediated degranulation of BMMCs in vitro. CONCLUSION IL-33 is released after mechanical skin injury, enhances IgE-mediated MC degranulation, and promotes oral anaphylaxis after epicutaneous sensitization by targeting MCs. IL-33 neutralization might be useful in treating food-induced anaphylaxis in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Galand
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Juan Manuel Leyva-Castillo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Juhan Yoon
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Alex Han
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Margaret S Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stassen
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michiko K Oyoshi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, the Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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13
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Trivedi PJ, Bruns T, Ward S, Mai M, Schmidt C, Hirschfield GM, Weston CJ, Adams DH. Intestinal CCL25 expression is increased in colitis and correlates with inflammatory activity. J Autoimmun 2016; 68:98-104. [PMID: 26873648 PMCID: PMC4803021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CCL25-mediated activation of CCR9 is critical for mucosal lymphocyte recruitment to the intestine. In immune-mediated liver injury complicating inflammatory bowel disease, intrahepatic activation of this pathway allows mucosal lymphocytes to be recruited to the liver, driving hepatobiliary destruction in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). However, in mice and healthy humans CCL25 expression is restricted to the small bowel, whereas few data exist on activation of this pathway in the inflamed colon despite the vast majority of PSC patients having ulcerative colitis. Herein, we show that colonic CCL25 expression is not only upregulated in patients with active colitis, but strongly correlates with endoscopic Mayo score and mucosal TNFα expression. Moreover, approximately 90% (CD4(+)) and 30% (CD8(+)) of tissue-infiltrating T-cells in colitis were identified as CCR9(+) effector lymphocytes, compared to <10% of T-cells being CCR9(+) in normal colon. Sorted CCR9(+) lymphocytes also demonstrated enhanced cellular adhesion to stimulated hepatic sinusoidal endothelium compared with their CCR9(-) counterparts when under flow. Collectively, these results suggest that CCR9/CCL25 interactions are not only involved in colitis pathogenesis but also correlate with colonic inflammatory burden; further supporting the existence of overlapping mucosal lymphocyte recruitment pathways between the inflamed colon and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak J Trivedi
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Bruns
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Dept. of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephen Ward
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Mai
- Dept. of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmidt
- Dept. of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Weston
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David H Adams
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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14
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Habtezion A, Nguyen LP, Hadeiba H, Butcher EC. Leukocyte Trafficking to the Small Intestine and Colon. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:340-54. [PMID: 26551552 PMCID: PMC4758453 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking to the small and large intestines is tightly controlled to maintain intestinal immune homeostasis, mediate immune responses, and regulate inflammation. A wide array of chemoattractants, chemoattractant receptors, and adhesion molecules expressed by leukocytes, mucosal endothelium, epithelium, and stromal cells controls leukocyte recruitment and microenvironmental localization in intestine and in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs). Naive lymphocytes traffic to the gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes where they undergo antigen-induced activation and priming; these processes determine their memory/effector phenotypes and imprint them with the capacity to migrate via the lymph and blood to the intestines. Mechanisms of T-cell recruitment to GALT and of T cells and plasmablasts to the small intestine are well described. Recent advances include the discovery of an unexpected role for lectin CD22 as a B-cell homing receptor GALT, and identification of the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) as a T-cell chemoattractant/trafficking receptor for the colon. GPR15 decorates distinct subsets of T cells in mice and humans, a difference in species that could affect translation of the results of mouse colitis models to humans. Clinical studies with antibodies to integrin α4β7 and its vascular ligand mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 are proving the value of lymphocyte trafficking mechanisms as therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel diseases. In contrast to lymphocytes, cells of the innate immune system express adhesion and chemoattractant receptors that allow them to migrate directly to effector tissue sites during inflammation. We review the mechanisms for innate and adaptive leukocyte localization to the intestinal tract and GALT, and discuss their relevance to human intestinal homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Linh P Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Husein Hadeiba
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California; Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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15
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Evans-Marin HL, Cao AT, Yao S, Chen F, He C, Liu H, Wu W, Gonzalez MG, Dann SM, Cong Y. Unexpected Regulatory Role of CCR9 in Regulatory T Cell Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134100. [PMID: 26230654 PMCID: PMC4521878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells reactive to microbiota regulate the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As T cell trafficking to intestines is regulated through interactions between highly specific chemokine-chemokine receptors, efforts have been made to develop intestine-specific immunosuppression based on blocking these key processes. CCR9, a gut-trophic chemokine receptor expressed by lymphocytes and dendritic cells, has been implicated in the regulation of IBD through mediating recruitment of T cells to inflamed sites. However, the role of CCR9 in inducing and sustaining inflammation in the context of IBD is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that CCR9 deficiency in effector T cells and Tregs does not affect the development of colitis in a microbiota antigen-specific, T cell-mediated model. However, Treg cells express higher levels of CCR9 compared to those in effector T cells. Interestingly, CCR9 inhibits Treg cell development, in that CCR9-/- mice demonstrate a high level of Foxp3+ Tregs, and ligation of CCR9 by its ligand CCL25 inhibits Treg cell differentiation in vitro. Collectively, our data indicate that in addition to acting as a gut-homing molecule, CCR9 signaling shapes immune responses by inhibiting Treg cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Evans-Marin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anthony T. Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Feidi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chong He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maria G. Gonzalez
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sara M. Dann
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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