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Yamaoka K, Fujiwara M, Uchida M, Uesawa Y, Muroi N, Shimizu T. Adverse Event Profile of Azacitidine: Analysis by Route of Administration Using Japanese Pharmacovigilance Database. Oncology 2023; 101:664-674. [PMID: 37279701 DOI: 10.1159/000531390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Azacitidine is a useful drug for myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. In clinical trials, hematologic toxicity and infection have been observed as adverse events (AEs) of this drug. However, information on the time to onset of high risk AEs and subsequent outcomes, as well as differences in the frequency of AEs due to the route of administration is lacking. In this study, we investigated azacitidine-induced AEs comprehensively using the Japanese Adverse Event Reporting Database (JADER) published by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, with disproportionate analysis of AE incidence trends, time to onset, and subsequent outcomes. In addition, we analyzed the differences in AEs by route of administration and the number of days until the occurrence of AEs and generated hypotheses. METHODS The study used JADER data reported from April 2004 to June 2022. Risk estimation was conducted using reported odds ratio. A signal was detected when the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the calculated ROR was ≥1. RESULTS A total of 34 signals were detected as AEs due to azacitidine. Among them, 15 were hematologic toxicities and 10 were infections, which demonstrated a particularly high rate of death. Signals of AEs such as tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and cardiac failure, which have been described in case reports, were also detected, and the rate of death after onset was high. In addition, more AEs generally occurred within the first month of treatment. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that more attention should be paid to cardiac failure, hematologic toxicity, infection, and TLS. Because many patients in clinical trials have discontinued treatment due to serious AEs before the therapeutic effect became apparent, appropriate supportive care, dose reduction, and drug withdrawal are important for the continuation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yamaoka
- Department of Pharmacy, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaki Fujiwara
- Department of Pharmacy, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mayako Uchida
- Department of Education and Research Center for Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uesawa
- Department of Medical Molecular Informatics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Muroi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Nguyen P, Safdar J, Mohamed A, Soubani A. Azacitidine-induced pneumonitis and literature review. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/10/e236349. [PMID: 33122228 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of azacitidine-induced pneumonitis which is a rare adverse drug reaction and reported in less than 0.1% of cases. Common side effects of azacitidine are weakness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, injection site reactions, insomnia, among others. Our patient received azacitidine to treat her acute myeloid leukaemia and began to develop shortness of breath which progressed to dyspnoea at rest after completing a 7-day course of azacitidine and venetoclax. Initial chest X-ray revealed severe airspace disease for which the patient began receiving broad spectrum antibiotics, antifungals and antivirals therapy. Although infectious workup revealed invasive aspergillosis she did not clinically and radiologically improve despite being on isavuconazole until high-dose glucocorticoids were initiated. This case illustrates the importance of recognising and understanding the potential side effects of azacitidine and other chemotherapy agents as some adverse drug reactions can be life-threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jawarya Safdar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Abdelaziz Mohamed
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ayman Soubani
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Makita S, Munakata W, Watabe D, Maeshima AM, Taniguchi H, Toyoda K, Yamauchi N, Fukuhara S, Maruyama D, Kobayashi Y, Tobinai K. Azacitidine-induced acute lung injury in a patient with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:886-893. [PMID: 28415946 PMCID: PMC5536648 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517698331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Azacitidine is a first-in-class demethylating agent, and it is widely used globally as a first-line treatment for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here, we report the case of a patient with MDS who suffered from a rare adverse event, an acute lung injury (ALI), which was suspected to have been caused by azacitidine and was successfully treated with corticosteroids. As it is a rare, but critical, adverse event, clinicians should consider ALI as one of the differential diagnoses in cases where 1) pneumonia and fever of unknown etiology arise in MDS patients treated with azacitidine, 2) antimicrobial agents are not effective, and 3) microbiological tests produce negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Makita
- 1 Departments of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Munakata
- 1 Departments of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watabe
- 2 Departments of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- 3 Departments of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Toyoda
- 1 Departments of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yamauchi
- 1 Departments of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Fukuhara
- 1 Departments of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Maruyama
- 1 Departments of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Kobayashi
- 1 Departments of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- 1 Departments of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Misra SC, Gabriel L, Nacoulma E, Dine G, Guarino V. How to Diagnose Early 5-Azacytidine-Induced Pneumonitis: A Case Report. DRUG SAFETY - CASE REPORTS 2017; 4:4. [PMID: 28217822 PMCID: PMC5316516 DOI: 10.1007/s40800-017-0047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial pneumonitis is a classical complication of many drugs. Pulmonary toxicity due to 5-azacytidine, a deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase inhibitor and cytotoxic drug, has rarely been reported. We report a 67-year-old female myelodysplastic syndrome patient treated with 5-azacytidine at the conventional dosage of 75 mg/m2 for 7 days. One week after starting she developed moderate fever along with dry cough and subsequently her temperature rose to 39.5 °C. She was placed under broad-spectrum antibiotics based on the protocol for febrile neutropenia, including ciprofloxacin 750 mg twice daily, ceftazidime 1 g three times daily (tid), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 400 mg/80 mg tid. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest disclosed diffuse bilateral opacities with ground-glass shadowing and pleural effusion bilaterally. Mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes were moderately enlarged. polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jiroveci, and cytomegalovirus were negative. Cultures including viral and fungal were all negative. A diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonitis was considered and, given the negative bronchoalveolar lavage in terms of an infection, corticosteroid therapy was given at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. Within 4 weeks, the patient became afebrile and was discharged from hospital. Development of symptoms with respect to drug administration, unexplained fever, negative workup for an infection, and marked response to corticosteroid therapy were found in our case. An explanation could be a delayed type of hypersensitivity (type IV) with activation of CD8 T cell which could possibly explain most of the symptoms. We have developed a decision algorithm in order to anticipate timely diagnosis of 5-azacitidine-induced pneumonitis, and with the aim to limit antibiotics abuse and to set up emergency treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Chandra Misra
- Department of Hematology Biology Clinic, Hôpital des Hauts Clos, 101 Avenue Anatole France, 10000, Troyes, France
| | - Laurence Gabriel
- Central Pharmacy, Hôpital des Hauts Clos, 101 Avenue Anatole France, 10000, Troyes, France.
| | - Eric Nacoulma
- Department of Hematology Biology Clinic, Hôpital des Hauts Clos, 101 Avenue Anatole France, 10000, Troyes, France
| | - Gérard Dine
- Department of Hematology Biology Clinic, Hôpital des Hauts Clos, 101 Avenue Anatole France, 10000, Troyes, France
| | - Valentina Guarino
- Central Pharmacy, Hôpital des Hauts Clos, 101 Avenue Anatole France, 10000, Troyes, France
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Huang Z, Huang Q, Ji L, Wang Y, Qi X, Liu L, Liu Z, Lu L. Epigenetic regulation of active Chinese herbal components for cancer prevention and treatment: A follow-up review. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:1-12. [PMID: 27697644 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification, and other patterns. These processes are associated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Thus, epigenetic modification-related enzymes, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), histone demethylases (HDMTs), histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and histone deacetylases (HDACs), as well as some related proteins, including methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBPs) and DNMT1-associated protein (DMAP 1), are considered as potential targets for cancer prevention and therapy. Numerous natural compounds, mainly derived from Chinese herbs and chemically ranging from polyphenols and flavonoids to mineral salts, inhibit the growth and development of various cancers by targeting multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanisms by which active compounds from Chinese herbs exert their anti-cancer effect. A subset of these compounds, such as curcumin and resveratrol, affect multiple epigenetic processes, including DNMT inhibition, HDAC inactivation, MBP suppression, HAT activation, and microRNA modulation. Other compounds also regulate epigenetic modification processes, but the underlying mechanisms and clear targets remain unknown. Accordingly, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Huang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qiuju Huang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Liyan Ji
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
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