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Wang Y, Cao Y, Yamada S, Thirunavukkarasu M, Nin V, Joshi M, Rishi MT, Bhattacharya S, Camacho-Pereira J, Sharma AK, Shameer K, Kocher JPA, Sanchez JA, Wang E, Hoeppner LH, Dutta SK, Leof EB, Shah V, Claffey KP, Chini EN, Simons M, Terzic A, Maulik N, Mukhopadhyay D. Cardiomyopathy and Worsened Ischemic Heart Failure in SM22-α Cre-Mediated Neuropilin-1 Null Mice: Dysregulation of PGC1α and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1401-12. [PMID: 25882068 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a multidomain membrane receptor involved in angiogenesis and development of neuronal circuits, however, the role of NRP-1 in cardiovascular pathophysiology remains elusive. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we first observed that deletion of NRP-1 induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, which was accompanied by dysregulated cardiac mitochondrial accumulation and induction of cardiac hypertrophy- and stress-related markers. To investigate the role of NRP-1 in vivo, we generated mice lacking Nrp-1 in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (SM22-α-Nrp-1 KO), which exhibited decreased survival rates, developed cardiomyopathy, and aggravated ischemia-induced heart failure. Mechanistically, we found that NRP-1 specifically controls peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in cardiomyocytes through crosstalk with Notch1 and Smad2 signaling pathways, respectively. Moreover, SM22-α-Nrp-1 KO mice exhibited impaired physical activities and altered metabolite levels in serum, liver, and adipose tissues, as demonstrated by global metabolic profiling analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insights into the cardioprotective role of NRP-1 and its influence on global metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Ying Cao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Satsuki Yamada
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Veronica Nin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Mandip Joshi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Muhammed T Rishi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Juliana Camacho-Pereira
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Anil K Sharma
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Khader Shameer
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Jean-Pierre A Kocher
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Juan A Sanchez
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Enfeng Wang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Luke H Hoeppner
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Shamit K Dutta
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Edward B Leof
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Vijay Shah
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Kevin P Claffey
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Michael Simons
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Andre Terzic
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Nilanjana Maulik
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.)
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.W., Y.C., S.B., A.K.S., E.W., L.H.H., S.K.D., E.B.L., D.M.), Center for Regenerative Medicine, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics (S.Y., A.T.), Department of Anesthesiology (V.N., J.C.-P., E.N.C.), Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Health Science Program (K.S., J.-P.A.K.), Department of Gastroenterology (V.S.), and Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (E.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery (M.T., M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S., N.M.) and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Vascular Biology (K.P.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington; Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, CT (M.J., M.T.R., J.A.S.); and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.S.).
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