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Increased Risk of Sensorineural Hearing Loss as a Result of Exposure to Air Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061969. [PMID: 32192124 PMCID: PMC7143358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Whether exposure to air pollution is associated with developing sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) remains controversial. Using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database, we recruited a total of 75,767 subjects aged older than 20 years with no history of SHL from 1998 to 2010, and they were followed up until SHL was observed, they withdrew from the National Health Insurance program, or the study ended. The subjects were evenly exposed to low-level, mid-level, and high-level carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The incidence rate ratio of SHL for patients exposed to high-level CO was 1.24 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14–1.36). The NO2 pollutants increased the incidence rate ratios of SHL in mid-level NO2 and high-level NO2 exposures by 1.10 (95% CI = 1.10–1.32) and 1.36 (95% CI = 1.24–1.49) times, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (adj. HR) of SHL in patients exposed to high-level CO was 1.45 (95% CI = 1.31–1.59), relative to that of patients exposed to low-level CO. Compared to patients exposed to low-level NO2, patients exposed to mid-level NO2 (adj. HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.27–1.54) and high-level NO2 (adj. HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.48–1.81) had a higher risk of developing SHL. The increased risk of SHL following the increased concentrations of air pollutants (CO and NO2) was statistically significant in this study. In conclusion, the subjects’ exposure to air pollution exhibited a significantly higher risk of developing SHL in Taiwan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the current literature regarding associations between phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and ototoxicity and provides a detailed summary and discussion of the findings. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for studies published from database inception through March 21, 2018. STUDY SELECTION Basic science articles, epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case reports, reviews, meta-analyses, press releases, and newsletters were included. The PRISMA search strategy was used to select papers. Search terms are included in the appendix (http://links.lww.com/MAO/A733). RESULTS Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Among case reports, there were a total of nine patients, all male, with an average age of 57.4 years (37-79 years, SD = 13.87 years). Of the cases of hearing loss, 25% (2/8 cases) were bilateral and 75% (6/8) were unilateral; 22% (2/9) were associated with tinnitus; and 33% (3/9) had accompanying vestibular symptoms (including vertigo and dizziness). Among multipatient studies, all prospective studies failed to find a significant association between ototoxicity and PDE-5 inhibitor use. Results of the retrospective studies were also heterogeneous. Many key molecules in the PDE-5 inhibition pathway have been demonstrated to exist in the cochlea. However, mirroring the clinical studies, the basic science mechanisms have suggested both ototoxic and otoprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS Currently, the literature is inconclusive regarding the interaction between PDE-5 inhibitor use and ototoxicity. Future study such as a double-blinded placebo controlled randomized trial with audiometric assessment would provide more sound evidence. Similarly, a unified molecular model is necessary.
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Zhang S, Gao Y, He Q, Zhang Y, Han L, Jin M, Liu T, Liu K, Sun C. A new active peptide from Neptunea arthritica cumingii exerts protective effects against gentamicin-induced sensory-hair cell injury in zebrafish. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 45:161-169. [PMID: 31533491 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1665680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin is commonly used for effective treatment of severe Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, its use is being increasingly restricted owing to the ototoxic effects attributed to it. Gentamicin-induced ototoxicity is thought to be related with apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we found a novel active peptide from Neptunea arthritica cumingii with otoprotective effects and no significant embryotoxic effects. The combined application of gentamicin and this novel active peptide helped sensory-hair cells to protect themselves from lethal ROS accumulation. This, in turn, reduced the expression of three genes (caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax), and thereby, the sensory-hair cell apoptosis promoted by ROS accumulation upon gentamicin administration. Our findings provided new insights into the prevention of gentamicin-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong Province , PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong Province , PR China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong Province , PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong Province , PR China
| | - Liwen Han
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong Province , PR China
| | - Meng Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong Province , PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong Province , PR China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong Province , PR China
| | - Chen Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biosensors of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , Shandong Province , PR China
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Liu W, Antonelli PJ, Dahm P, Gerhard T, Delaney JAC, Segal R, Crystal S, Winterstein AG. Risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in adults using phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors: Population-based cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018; 27:587-595. [PMID: 29512263 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the study was to determine the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database including adult men who initiated a PDE5 inhibitor (n = 377,722) and 1,957,233 nonusers between 1998 and 2007. Periods of drug exposure were assessed on a weekly basis based on pharmacy billing records, assuming use of 1 dose per week (current use). Incident sudden SNHL was defined based on inpatient or outpatient visits with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 389.1x, 389.2x, or 388.2 plus ≥2 procedure codes for audiometric hearing testing within ±30 days of sudden SNHL diagnosis. We used age- and propensity score-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the risk of sudden SNHL during periods of current or recent use compared with that of nonuse. We conducted sensitivity analyses by varying the assumed drug utilization frequency and sudden SNHL case definition. RESULTS We evaluated 1233 sudden SNHL cases, resulting in an incidence of 4.35, 5.58, and 2.38 per 10,000 person-years for current, recent, and nonuse of PDE5 inhibitors, respectively. Compared with nonuse, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.25 (1.01-1.55) for current use with a risk difference of 1.97 (1.12-2.82) per 10,000 person-years. For recent use, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.60 (1.33-1.94) and risk difference was 3.19 (2.24-4.14). Estimates were consistent across the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Use of PDE5 inhibitors is associated with a small but significantly increased risk of sudden SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Patrick J Antonelli
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philipp Dahm
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tobias Gerhard
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph A C Delaney
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard Segal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Crystal
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Almut G Winterstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Park C, Ji HM, Kim SJ, Kil SH, Lee JN, Kwak S, Choe SK, Park R. Fenofibrate exerts protective effects against gentamicin-induced toxicity in cochlear hair cells by activating antioxidant enzymes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:960-968. [PMID: 28290603 PMCID: PMC5360428 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate, an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), has been shown to protect the kidneys and brain cells from oxidative stress; however, its role in preventing hearing loss has not been reported to date, at least to the best of our knowledge. In this study, we demonstrated the protective effects of fenofibrate against gentamicin (GM)-induced ototoxicity. We found that the auditory brainstem response threshold which was increased by GM was significantly reduced by pre-treatment with fenofibrate in rats. In cochlear explants, the disruption of hair cell layers by GM was also markedly attenuated by pre-treatment with fenofibrate. In addition, fenofibrate almost completely abolished GM-induced reactive oxygen species generation, which seemed to be mediated at least in part by the restoration of the expression of PPAR-α-dependent antioxidant enzymes, including catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1. Of note, fenofibrate markedly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) which was also induced to a certain degree by GM alone. The induced expression of HO-1 by fenofibrate appeared to be essential for mediating the protective effects of fenofibrate, as the inhibition of HO-1 activity significantly diminished the protective effects of fenofibrate against the GM-mediated death of sensory hair cells in cochlea explant culture, as well as in zebrafish neuromasts. These results suggest that fenofibrate protects sensory hair cells from GM-induced toxicity by upregulating PPAR-α-dependent antioxidant enzymes, including HO-1. Our results provide insight into the preventive therapy for hearing loss caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channy Park
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Kil
- Division of Cell Biology and Genetics, House Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90057, USA
| | - Joon No Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongae Kwak
- Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Li D, Sun J, Zhao L, Guo W, Sun W, Yang S. Aminoglycoside Increases Permeability of Osseous Spiral Laminae of Cochlea by Interrupting MMP-2 and MMP-9 Balance. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:348-357. [PMID: 28005182 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) located in the Rosenthal's canal of cochlea are essential target for cochlear implant. Previous studies found that the canaliculi perforantes, small pores on the surface of the osseous spiral lamina (OSL) of the scala tympanic (ST) of cochlea, may provide communication between the cochlear perilymph and SGNs. In this study, we found that chronic treatment of aminoglycosides antibiotics, which is well known to cause sensory cell damage in the cochlea, induced significant damage of bone lining cells on the OSLs and increased the permeability of the Rosenthal's canal. The pores among the bone lining cells became significantly wider after chronic treatment of amikacin (100 mg/kg/day for 3-7 days). Injection of Evans Blue in the ST resulted in significant increase in its migration in the modulus in the amikacin-treated cochlea compared to the control ears, suggesting increased permeability of these passages. Treatment of amikacin with oxytetracycline, an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), significantly reduced the amount of dye migrated from the ST to the modiolus. These results suggest that amikacin enhanced the permeability between the ST and SGNs by increasing MMPs. Aggregating the permeability of the bone lining cells on the OSLs may benefit gene and stem cell delivery to the SGNs in the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology of PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology of PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidong Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology of PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology of PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, Center for Hearing and Deafness, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology of PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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Gentamicin alters Akt-expression and its activation in the guinea pig cochlea. Neuroscience 2015; 311:490-8. [PMID: 26528886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gentamicin treatment induces hair cell death or survival in the inner ear. Besides the well-known toxic effects, the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway was found to be involved in cell protection. After gentamicin application, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of Akt and its activated form (p-Akt) were determined in male guinea pigs. A single dose of 0.1 mL gentamicin (4 mg/ear/animal) was intratympanically injected. The auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded prior to application and 1, 2 and 7 days afterward. At these three time points the cochleae (n=10 in each case) were removed, transferred to fixative and embedded in paraffin. Seven ears were used as untreated controls. Gentamicin, Akt and p-Akt were identified immunohistochemically in various regions of the cochlea and their staining intensities were quantified on sections using digital image analysis. The application of gentamicin resulted in hearing loss with a concomitant up-regulation of Akt-expression in the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion cells and an additional activation in spiral ganglion cells. At the level of individual ears, clear intracellular correlations were found between Akt- and p-Akt-expression in the stria vascularis and interdental cells and, to a minor extent, in the spiral ligament and the organ of Corti. Furthermore, statistical evidence for the connection between gentamicin up-take and hearing loss was detected. The increase in Akt- and p-Akt-expression in the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion cells indicates a selected response of the cochlea against gentamicin toxicity.
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Heinrich UR, Schmidtmann I, Strieth S, Helling K. Cell-specific accumulation patterns of gentamicin in the guinea pig cochlea. Hear Res 2015; 326:40-8. [PMID: 25882166 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intratympanic gentamicin therapy has become a popular treatment modality for Ménière's disease (MD) through controlled elimination of vertigo spells caused by the balance organ. However, the known ototoxic properties of aminoglycosides lead to cochlear damage. In order to gain more information about cellular preferences for aminoglycoside accumulation within the cochlea, gentamicin was immuno histochemically localized by light microscopy in male guinea pigs 1 and 7 days after intratympanic application (n = 8 ears/incubation time). Differences in the gentamicin-specific cellular storage capacities were quantified by determination of the local immuno staining intensities. Gentamicin was detected in every cochlear cell type, but with spatiotemporal variability. One day after application, an intense staining reaction was found in all cell types except the spiral ganglion cells and the stria vascularis. Six days later, gentamicin staining intensities were additionally reduced in the nerve fibers and the spiral ligament. Statistic analysis revealed strong cellular associations in respect to aminoglycoside accumulation. Furthermore, associations with recorded hearing losses were identified comparing the cellular gentamicin content in the organ of Corti, in the stria vascularis, in the spiral ganglion cells and in fibrocytes of the Limbus. In the lateral wall, clear differences in cellular gentamicin accumulation were found between type I fibrocytes of the spiral ligament compared with basal and intermediate cells of the stria vascularis. This finding was unexpected as these three cell types belong to a well-developed gap-junction system which normally enables unhampered cell communication. Cellular differences in local gentamicin storage capacities, transport processes and inherent diffusion barriers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Rüdiger Heinrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai Helling
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
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Le Prell CG, Ojano-Dirain C, Rudnick EW, Nelson MA, DeRemer SJ, Prieskorn DM, Miller JM. Assessment of nutrient supplement to reduce gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2014; 15:375-93. [PMID: 24590390 PMCID: PMC4010593 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-014-0448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat gram-negative bacterial infections. Treatment with this antibiotic carries the potential for adverse side effects, including ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Ototoxic effects are at least in part a consequence of oxidative stress, and various antioxidants have been used to attenuate gentamicin-induced hair cell death and hearing loss. Here, a combination of nutrients previously shown to reduce oxidative stress in the hair cells and attenuate hearing loss after other insults was evaluated for potential protection against gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. Guinea pigs were maintained on a nutritionally complete standard laboratory animal diet or a diet supplemented with β-carotene, vitamins C and E, and magnesium. Three diets with iterative increases in nutrient levels were screened; the final diet selected for study use was one that produced statistically reliable increases in plasma levels of vitamins C and E and magnesium. In two separate studies, significant decreases in gentamicin-induced hearing loss at frequencies including 12 kHz and below were observed, with less benefit at the higher frequencies. Consistent with the functional protection, robust protection of both the inner and outer hair cell populations was observed, with protection largely in the upper half of the cochlea. Protection was independently assessed in two different laboratories, using two different strains of guinea pigs. Additional in vitro tests did not reveal any decrease in antimicrobial activity with nutrient additives. Currently, there are no FDA-approved treatments for the prevention of gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. The current data provide a rationale for continued investigations regarding translation to human patients.
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Yonamine FK, Onishi ET, Mouro MG, Higa EMS, Cruz OLM. Nitric oxide levels in cochlear fluids of guinea pig. Acta Cir Bras 2013; 28:397-402. [PMID: 23702944 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502013000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a technique to obtain guinea pigs cochlear fluids and measure nitric oxide (NO) concentration. METHODS Six guinea pigs were used and sacrificed. The cochlear fluids collected for measurement of NO, performed by chemiluminescence (NOA 280). RESULTS Through the chemiluminescence was possible to analyze the concentration of NO in cochlear fluids obtained. Average levels of nitric oxide from guinea pigs was 12.55 µM. CONCLUSION It is possible to obtain nitric oxide cochlear fluids, with this technique and nitric oxide concentration measure by chemiluminescence, a quantitative and more precise method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Kaoru Yonamine
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Bas E, Van De Water TR, Gupta C, Dinh J, Vu L, Martínez-Soriano F, Láinez JM, Marco J. Efficacy of three drugs for protecting against gentamicin-induced hair cell and hearing losses. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1888-904. [PMID: 22320124 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exposure to an ototoxic level of an aminoglycoside can result in hearing loss. In this we study investigated the otoprotective efficacy of dexamethasone (DXM), melatonin (MLT) and tacrolimus (TCR) in gentamicin (GM)-treated animals and cultures. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wistar rats were divided into controls (treated with saline); exposed to GM only (GM); and three GM-exposed groups treated with either DXM, MLT or TCR. Auditory function and cochlear surface preparations were studied. In vitro studies of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels, the MAPK pathway and caspase-3 activation were performed in organ of Corti explants from 3-day-old rats. KEY RESULTS DXM, MLT and TCR decreased levels of reactive oxygen species in GM-exposed explants. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and TNF-receptor type 1 were significantly reduced in GM + DXM and GM + MLT groups. Phospho-p38 MAPK levels decreased in GM + MLT and GM + TCR groups, while JNK phosphorylation was reduced in GM + DXM and GM + MLT groups. Caspase-3 activation decreased in GM + DXM, GM + MLT and GM + TCR groups. These results were consistent with in vivo results. Local treatment of GM-exposed rat cochleae with either DXM, MLT or TCR preserved auditory function and prevented auditory hair cell loss. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In organ of Corti explants, GM increased oxidative stress and initiated an inflammatory response that led to the activation of MAPKs and apoptosis of hair cells. The three compounds tested demonstrated otoprotective properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of ototoxicity-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bas
- Hospital Clinico Universitario Research Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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Kim SJ, Lee JH, Kim BS, So HS, Park R, Myung NY, Um JY, Hong SH. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects against NO-induced ototoxicity through the regulation of caspase- 1, caspase-3, and NF-κB activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43967. [PMID: 23028481 PMCID: PMC3461011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive nitric oxide (NO) production is toxic to the cochlea and induces hearing loss. However, the mechanism through which NO induces ototoxicity has not been completely understood. The aim of this study was to gain further insight into the mechanism mediating NO-induced toxicity in auditory HEI-OC1 cells and in ex vivo analysis. We also elucidated whether and how epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main component of green tea polyphenols, regulates NO-induced auditory cell damage. To investigate NO-mediated ototoxicity, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) was used as an NO donor. SNAP was cytotoxic, generating reactive oxygen species, releasing cytochrome c, and activating caspase-3 in auditory cells. NO-induced ototoxicity also mediated the nuclear factor (NF)-κB/caspase-1 pathway. Furthermore, SNAP destroyed the orderly arrangement of the 3 outer rows of hair cells in the basal, middle, and apical turns of the organ of Corti from the cochlea of Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day 2. However, EGCG counteracted this ototoxicity by suppressing the activation of caspase-3/NF-κB and preventing the destruction of hair cell arrays in the organ of Corti. These findings may lead to the development of a model for pharmacological mechanism of EGCG and potential therapies against ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Hanny University, Kyungsan, Gyeoungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Lee
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Su Kim
- Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seob So
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Noh-Yil Myung
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Heinrich UR, Helling K. Nitric oxide--a versatile key player in cochlear function and hearing disorders. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:106-16. [PMID: 22659013 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule which can generally be formed by three nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Two of them, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), are calcium/calmodulin-dependent and constitutively expressed in many cell types. Both isoforms are found in the vertebrate cochlea. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is independent of calcium and normally not detectable in the un-stimulated cochlea. In the inner ear, as in other tissues, NO was identified as a multitask molecule involved in various processes such as neurotransmission and neuromodulation. In addition, increasing evidence demonstrates that the NO-dependent processes of cell protection or, alternatively, cell destruction seem to depend, among other things, on changes in the local cochlear NO-concentration. These alterations can occur at the cellular level or within a distinct cell population both leading to an NO-imbalance within the hearing organ. This dysfunction can result in hearing loss or even in deafness. In cases of cochlear malfunction, regulatory systems such as the gap junction system, the blood vessels or the synaptic region might be affected temporarily or permanently by an altered NO-level. This review discusses potential cellular mechanisms how NO might contribute to different forms of hearing disorders. Approaches of NO-reduction are evaluated and the transfer of results obtained from experimental animal models to human medication is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Rüdiger Heinrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of The Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
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Abstract
According to current knowledge, it must be assumed that temporary idiopathic hearing loss and its spontaneous remission are based on mechanical and/or pathological alterations in the inner ear. The causal mechanisms might be based on inter-individual variations. Induced by dose-dependent activators, temporary as well as permanent damage might occur. Sudden hearing loss may be initiated by an increase in the local nitric oxide (NO) concentration. Spontaneous remission, i.e. functional restoration, can be explained by a local decrease in the NO concentration. In this context, regulatory systems such as the gap-junction system, blood vessels or synapses might be affected. In addition, alterations in the hormone level of estrogen and mineralocorticoids, as well as cellular glutathione and vitamin levels, might lead to temporary alterations in the inner ear. Recent experimental findings indicate a role for the shuttle protein Survivin in the spontaneous remission of sudden hearing loss.
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Doxycycline reduces nitric oxide production in guinea pig inner ears. Auris Nasus Larynx 2011; 38:671-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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EGb 761 (Ginkgo biloba) protects cochlear hair cells against ototoxicity induced by gentamicin via reducing reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide-related apoptosis. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:886-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Helling K, Heinrich UR, Heusgen L, Brieger J, Schmidtmann I, Li H, Mann WJ. Gentamicin alters nitric oxide production in semicircular canals and otolith organs. Laryngoscope 2010; 120:2125-8. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.21075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 17:412-8. [PMID: 19755872 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e3283318f24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maddox PT, Saunders J, Chandrasekhar SS. Sudden hearing loss from PDE-5 inhibitors: A possible cellular stress etiology. Laryngoscope 2009; 119:1586-9. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.20511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Choung YH, Taura A, Pak K, Choi SJ, Masuda M, Ryan AF. Generation of highly-reactive oxygen species is closely related to hair cell damage in rat organ of Corti treated with gentamicin. Neuroscience 2009; 161:214-26. [PMID: 19318119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested to play a major role in aminoglycoside-induced hair cell (HC) loss, but are difficult to detect. Moreover, ROS can occur normally in cells where they have roles in metabolism, cell signaling and other processes. Two new probes, aminophenyl fluorescein (APF) and hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF) are dyes which selectively detect highly-reactive oxygen species (hROS), those most associated with cellular damage. We assessed the presence of hROS in the neonatal rat organ of Corti during chronic exposure to 50 microM gentamicin in vitro, to examine the relationship between cell damage and hROS across HC type and across the three cochlear turns. hROS were initially detected at 48 hours (h), with an increase at 72 h and persistence until at least 96 h. At 48 h, hROS were restricted to outer HCs and occurred prior to loss of stereocilia. At 72 h, outer HCs showed both hROS and stereocilia loss, and hROS were noted in a few inner HCs. Basal turn HCs showed more hROS than middle turn HCs. Very little hROS accumulation or stereocilia loss was observed in the apical turn, even at 72 h. First row outer HCs were most vulnerable to gentamicin-induced hROS, followed by second and then third row outer HCs. Inner HCs behaved similarly to third row outer HCs. By 96 h stereocilia damage was extensive, but surviving HCs showed persisting fluorescence. APF consistently showed more fluorescence than HPF. The results suggest that hROS accumulation is an important initial step in gentamicin-induced HC damage, and that the differential sensitivity of HCs in the organ of Corti is closely related to differences in hROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Choung
- Department of Surgery Otolaryngology, UCSD School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, 9500 Gilman Drive 0666, La Jolla, CA 92093-0666, USA
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