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Hung CC, Cheng YW, Chen WL, Fang WH. Negative Association between Acrylamide Exposure and Metabolic Syndrome Markers in Adult Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211949. [PMID: 34831705 PMCID: PMC8624217 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome encompasses multiple conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, and exposure to environmental chemicals can cause metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2006) on 4318 adult participants to assess the association between acrylamide (AA) exposure and metabolic syndrome. Concentrations of hemoglobin-adducted AA (HbAA) and hemoglobin-adducted glycidamide (HbGA) were evaluated. Metabolic syndrome markers related to HbAA and HbGA and the effect of exposure to AA and GA on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome were studied by ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression analyses, respectively. HbAA concentration inversely correlated with the number of metabolic syndrome markers (p < 0.05). An increased HbAA concentration was noted with reduced high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the adjusted model (p < 0.05). High fasting plasma glucose level significantly correlated with HbGA concentration in the adjusted model. In conclusion, AA exposure alters metabolic syndrome markers in adults. Additional clinical and animal studies will clarify the role of AA exposure at different stages in the progression of metabolic syndrome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Hung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Wen Cheng
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-L.C.); (W.-H.F.); Tel.: +886-2-87923100 (ext. 12322) (W.-L.C.); +886-2-87923311 (ext. 16567) (W.-H.F.); Fax: +886-2-87923147 (W.-L.C.); +886-2-87927057 (W.-H.F.)
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-L.C.); (W.-H.F.); Tel.: +886-2-87923100 (ext. 12322) (W.-L.C.); +886-2-87923311 (ext. 16567) (W.-H.F.); Fax: +886-2-87923147 (W.-L.C.); +886-2-87927057 (W.-H.F.)
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Interaction of drugs with lipid raft membrane domains as a possible target. Drug Target Insights 2021; 14:34-47. [PMID: 33510571 PMCID: PMC7832984 DOI: 10.33393/dti.2020.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plasma membranes are not the homogeneous bilayers of uniformly distributed lipids but the lipid complex with laterally separated lipid raft membrane domains, which provide receptor, ion channel and enzyme proteins with a platform. The aim of this article is to review the mechanistic interaction of drugs with membrane lipid rafts and address the question whether drugs induce physicochemical changes in raft-constituting and raft-surrounding membranes. Methods Literature searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 2020 were conducted to include articles published in English in internationally recognized journals. Collected articles were independently reviewed by title, abstract and text for relevance. Results The literature search indicated that pharmacologically diverse drugs interact with raft model membranes and cellular membrane lipid rafts. They could physicochemically modify functional protein-localizing membrane lipid rafts and the membranes surrounding such domains, affecting the raft organizational integrity with the resultant exhibition of pharmacological activity. Raft-acting drugs were characterized as ones to decrease membrane fluidity, induce liquid-ordered phase or order plasma membranes, leading to lipid raft formation; and ones to increase membrane fluidity, induce liquid-disordered phase or reduce phase transition temperature, leading to lipid raft disruption. Conclusion Targeting lipid raft membrane domains would open a new way for drug design and development. Since angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors which are a cell-specific target of and responsible for the cellular entry of novel coronavirus are localized in lipid rafts, agents that specifically disrupt the relevant rafts may be a drug against coronavirus disease 2019.
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Glucose-regulated protein 78 in lipid rafts elevates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation of spontaneously hypertensive rats by controlling platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1831-1843. [PMID: 30155775 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is known to be differentially expressed in the lipid rafts of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normal Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. However, its role in VSMCs from SHRs remains to be elucidated. This work was conducted to investigate the contribution made by GRP78 in VSMCs. GRP78 expression in VSMC lipid rafts decreased in WKY rats with age, but not in SHRs. Transfection with GRP78-siRNA attenuated not only platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and aortic sprout outgrowth but also the phosphorylation of PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-β, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 in VSMCs in response to PDGF-BB. Moreover, GRP78 knockdown also reduced the PDGF-BB-induced dimerization of PDGFR-β and GRP78 in SHR VSMCs. The phosphorylation of GRP78 and PDGFR-β was elevated in VSMCs treated with PDGF-BB and was completely abolished by AG1296 (a PDGFR inhibitor). Moreover, the binding of PDGFR-β to GRP78 and the co-localization of GRP78 to PDGFR-β in VSMCs were stronger in SHRs than in WKY rat controls. This study demonstrates that the PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of SHR VSMCs is mediated by the expressional upregulation of GRP78 on VSMC lipid rafts in SHRs, probably via the regulation of PDGFR-β-GRP78 binding and their cross-activation. These observations indicate that GRP78 may play important roles in the pathological progression of SHR VSMCs.
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Callera GE, Bruder-Nascimento T, Touyz RM. Assessment of Caveolae/Lipid Rafts in Isolated Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1527:251-269. [PMID: 28116722 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6625-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter outlines protocols to evaluate protein localization, recruitment or phosphorylation levels in cholesterol/sphingolipids-enriched cell membrane domains and recommends experimental designs with pharmacological tolls to evaluate potential cell functions associated with these domains. We emphasize the need for the combination of several approaches towards understanding the protein components and cellular functions attributed to these distinct microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Callera
- Kidney Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Kidney Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M Touyz
- Kidney Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK.
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Yoon MS, Won KJ, Kim DY, Hwang DI, Yoon SW, Jung SH, Lee KP, Jung D, Choi WS, Kim B, Lee HM. Diminished Lipid Raft SNAP23 Increases Blood Pressure by Inhibiting the Membrane Fluidity of Vascular Smooth-Muscle Cells. J Vasc Res 2016; 52:321-33. [PMID: 26930561 DOI: 10.1159/000443888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP23) is involved in microvesicle trafficking and exocytosis in various cell types, but its functional role in blood pressure (BP) regulation has not yet been defined. Here, we found that lipid raft SNAP23 expression was much lower in vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in those from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. This led us to investigate the hypothesis that this lower expression may be linked to the spontaneous hypertension found in SHR. The expression level of lipid raft SNAP23 and the fluidity in the plasma membrane of VSMCs were lower in SHR than in WKY rats. Cholesterol content in the VSMC membrane was higher, but the secreted cholesterols found in VSMC-conditioned medium and in the blood serum were lower in SHR than in WKY rats. SNAP23 knockdown in WKY rat VSMCs reduced the membrane fluidity and increased the membrane cholesterol level. Systemic overexpression of SNAP23 in SHR resulted in an increase of cholesterol content in their serum, a decrease in cholesterol in their aorta and the reduction of their BP. Our findings suggest that the low expression of the lipid raft SNAP23 in VSMCs might be a potential cause for the characteristic hypertension of SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi So Yoon
- Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
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Urokinase Receptor Promotes Skin Tumor Formation by Preventing Epithelial Cell Activation of Notch1. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4895-909. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Takaguri A, Kamato M, Satoh Y, Ohtsuki K, Satoh K. Effect of alteration of caveolin-1 expression on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiac cells. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1053-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takaguri
- Division of Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; 7-1 Katsuraoka Otaru 047-0264 Japan
| | - Maiko Kamato
- Division of Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; 7-1 Katsuraoka Otaru 047-0264 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Satoh
- Division of Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; 7-1 Katsuraoka Otaru 047-0264 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ohtsuki
- Division of Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; 7-1 Katsuraoka Otaru 047-0264 Japan
| | - Kumi Satoh
- Division of Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; 7-1 Katsuraoka Otaru 047-0264 Japan
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Laurenzana A, Fibbi G, Chillà A, Margheri G, Del Rosso T, Rovida E, Del Rosso M, Margheri F. Lipid rafts: integrated platforms for vascular organization offering therapeutic opportunities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1537-57. [PMID: 25552244 PMCID: PMC11113367 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on the nanoscale membrane structures known as lipid rafts is relevant to the fields of cancer biology, inflammation and ischaemia. Lipid rafts recruit molecules critical to signalling and regulation of the invasion process in malignant cells, the leukocytes that provide immunity in inflammation and the endothelial cells that build blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as the patterning of neural networks. As angiogenesis is a common denominator, regulation of receptors and signalling molecules critical to angiogenesis is central to the design of new approaches aimed at reducing, promoting or normalizing the angiogenic process. The goal of this review is to highlight some of the key issues that indicate the involvement of endothelial cell lipid rafts at each step of so-called 'sprouting angiogenesis', from stimulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor to the choice of tip cells, activation of migratory and invasion pathways, recruitment of molecules that guide axons in vascular patterning and maturation of blood vessels. Finally, the review addresses opportunities for future studies to define how these lipid domains (and their constituents) may be manipulated to stimulate the so-called 'normalization' of vascular networks within tumors, and be identified as the main target, enabling the development of more efficient chemotherapeutics and cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laurenzana
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Anastasia Chillà
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Margheri
- Institute of Complex Systems (ISC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Del Rosso
- Department of Physics, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Nguyen Dinh Cat A, Montezano AC, Burger D, Touyz RM. Angiotensin II, NADPH oxidase, and redox signaling in the vasculature. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1110-20. [PMID: 22530599 PMCID: PMC3771549 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Angiotensin II (Ang II) influences the function of many cell types and regulates many organ systems, in large part through redox-sensitive processes. In the vascular system, Ang II is a potent vasoconstrictor and also promotes inflammation, hypertrophy, and fibrosis, which are important in vascular damage and remodeling in cardiovascular diseases. The diverse actions of Ang II are mediated via Ang II type 1 and Ang II type 2 receptors, which couple to various signaling molecules, including NADPH oxidase (Nox), which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are now recognized as signaling molecules, critically placed in pathways activated by Ang II. Mechanisms linking Nox and Ang II are complex and not fully understood. RECENT ADVANCES Ang II regulates vascular cell production of ROS through various recently characterized Noxs, including Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and Nox5. Activation of these Noxs leads to ROS generation, which in turn influences many downstream signaling targets of Ang II, including MAP kinases, RhoA/Rho kinase, transcription factors, protein tyrosine phosphatases, and tyrosine kinases. Activation of these redox-sensitive pathways regulates vascular cell growth, inflammation, contraction, and senescence. CRITICAL ISSUES Although there is much evidence indicating a role for Nox/ROS in Ang II function, there is still a paucity of information on how Ang II exerts cell-specific effects through ROS and how Nox isoforms are differentially regulated by Ang II. Moreover, exact mechanisms whereby ROS induce oxidative modifications of signaling molecules mediating Ang II actions remain elusive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future research should elucidate these issues to better understand the significance of Ang II and ROS in vascular (patho) biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Nguyen Dinh Cat
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Rodiño-Janeiro BK, Paradela-Dobarro B, Castiñeiras-Landeira MI, Raposeiras-Roubín S, González-Juanatey JR, Álvarez E. Current status of NADPH oxidase research in cardiovascular pharmacology. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013; 9:401-28. [PMID: 23983473 PMCID: PMC3750863 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s33053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The implications of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease have been known for some decades. Rationally, therapeutic antioxidant strategies combating oxidative stress have been developed, but the results of clinical trials have not been as good as expected. Therefore, to move forward in the design of new therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease based on prevention of production of reactive oxygen species, steps must be taken on two fronts, ie, comprehension of reduction-oxidation signaling pathways and the pathophysiologic roles of reactive oxygen species, and development of new, less toxic, and more selective nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors, to clarify both the role of each NADPH oxidase isoform and their utility in clinical practice. In this review, we analyze the value of NADPH oxidase as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease and the old and new pharmacologic agents or strategies to prevent NADPH oxidase activity. Some inhibitors and different direct or indirect approaches are available. Regarding direct NADPH oxidase inhibition, the specificity of NADPH oxidase is the focus of current investigations, whereas the chemical structure-activity relationship studies of known inhibitors have provided pharmacophore models with which to search for new molecules. From a general point of view, small-molecule inhibitors are preferred because of their hydrosolubility and oral bioavailability. However, other possibilities are not closed, with peptide inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies against NADPH oxidase isoforms continuing to be under investigation as well as the ongoing search for naturally occurring compounds. Likewise, some different approaches include inhibition of assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex, subcellular translocation, post-transductional modifications, calcium entry/release, electron transfer, and genetic expression. High-throughput screens for any of these activities could provide new inhibitors. All this knowledge and the research presently underway will likely result in development of new drugs for inhibition of NADPH oxidase and application of therapeutic approaches based on their action, for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K Rodiño-Janeiro
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Sergio Raposeiras-Roubín
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- Cardiology Department, University Clinic Hospital of Santiago de Compostela,
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José R González-Juanatey
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- Cardiology Department, University Clinic Hospital of Santiago de Compostela,
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
| | - Ezequiel Álvarez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela,
Spain
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Roura-Ferrer M, Solé L, Oliveras A, Villarroel A, Comes N, Felipe A. Targeting of Kv7.5 (KCNQ5)/KCNE channels to surface microdomains of cell membranes. Muscle Nerve 2012; 45:48-54. [PMID: 22190306 DOI: 10.1002/mus.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kv7.5 (KCNQ5) channels conduct M-type potassium currents in the brain, are expressed in skeletal muscle, and contribute to vascular muscle tone. METHODS We coexpressed Kv7.5 and KCNE1-3 peptides in HEK293 cells and then analyzed their association using electrophysiology and co-immunoprecipitation, assessed localization using confocal microscopy, examined targeting of the oligomeric channels to cholesterol-rich membrane surface microdomains using lipid raft isolation, and evaluated their membrane dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). RESULTS Kv7.5 forms oligomeric channels specifically with KCNE1 and KCNE3. The expression of Kv7.5 targeted to cholesterol-rich membrane surface microdomains was very low. Oligomeric Kv7.5/KCNE1 and Kv7.5/KCNE3 channels did not localize to lipid rafts. However, Kv7.5 association impaired KCNE3 expression in lipid raft microdomains. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Kv7.5 contributes to the spatial regulation of KCNE3. This new scenario could greatly assist in determining the physiological relevance of putative KCNE3 interactions in nerve and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Roura-Ferrer
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Pojoga LH, Coutinho P, Rivera A, Yao TM, Maldonado ER, Youte R, Adler GK, Williams J, Turchin A, Williams GH, Romero JR. Activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor increases striatin levels. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:243-9. [PMID: 22089104 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldosterone (ALDO), a critical regulator of sodium homeostasis, mediates its effects via activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) through mechanisms that are not entirely clear. Striatin, a membrane associated protein, interacts with estrogen receptors in endothelial cells. METHODS We studied the effects of MR activation in vitro and in vivo on striatin levels in vascular tissue. RESULTS We observed that dietary sodium restriction was associated with increased striatin levels in mouse heart and aorta and that striatin and MR are present in the human endothelial cell line, (EA.hy926), and in mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAEC). Further, we show that MR co-precipitates with striatin in vascular tissue. Incubation of EA.hy926 cells with ALDO (10(-8) mol/l for 5-24 h) increases striatin protein and mRNA expression, an effect that was inhibited by canrenoic acid, an MR antagonist. Consistent with these observations, incubation of MAEC with ALDO increased striatin levels that were likewise blocked by canrenoic acid. To test the in vivo relevance of these findings, we studied two previously described mouse models of increased ALDO levels. Intraperitoneal ALDO administration augmented the abundance of striatin protein in mouse heart. We also observed that in a murine model of chronic ALDO-mediated cardiovascular damage following treatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester plus angiotensin II an increased abundance of striatin protein in heart and kidney tissue. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that increased striatin levels is a component of MR activation in the vasculature and suggest that regulation of striatin by ALDO may modulate estrogen's nongenomic effects.
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Usatyuk PV, Singleton PA, Pendyala S, Kalari SK, He D, Gorshkova IA, Camp SM, Moitra J, Dudek SM, Garcia JGN, Natarajan V. Novel role for non-muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in hyperoxia-induced recruitment of cytoskeletal proteins, NADPH oxidase activation, and reactive oxygen species generation in lung endothelium. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9360-75. [PMID: 22219181 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.294546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that hyperoxia (HO) activates lung endothelial cell NADPH oxidase and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS)/superoxide via Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of p47(phox) and cortactin. Here, we demonstrate that the non-muscle ~214-kDa myosin light chain (MLC) kinase (nmMLCK) modulates the interaction between cortactin and p47(phox) that plays a role in the assembly and activation of endothelial NADPH oxidase. Overexpression of FLAG-tagged wild type MLCK in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells enhanced interaction and co-localization between cortactin and p47(phox) at the cell periphery and ROS production, whereas abrogation of MLCK using specific siRNA significantly inhibited the above. Furthermore, HO stimulated phosphorylation of MLC and recruitment of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated cortactin, MLC, Src, and p47(phox) to caveolin-enriched microdomains (CEM), whereas silencing nmMLCK with siRNA blocked recruitment of these components to CEM and ROS generation. Exposure of nmMLCK(-/-) null mice to HO (72 h) reduced ROS production, lung inflammation, and pulmonary leak compared with control mice. These results suggest a novel role for nmMLCK in hyperoxia-induced recruitment of cytoskeletal proteins and NADPH oxidase components to CEM, ROS production, and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Usatyuk
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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A stable yeast strain efficiently producing cholesterol instead of ergosterol is functional for tryptophan uptake, but not weak organic acid resistance. Metab Eng 2011; 13:555-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Guan Z, Inscho EW. Role of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in regulating renal microvascular function and in hypertension. Hypertension 2011; 58:333-40. [PMID: 21768526 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.155952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ATP is an essential energy substrate for cellular metabolism, but it can also influence many biological processes when released into the extracellular milieu. Research has established that extracellular ATP acts as an autocrine/paracrine factor that regulates many physiological functions. Alternatively, excessive extracellular ATP levels contribute to pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and atherosclerosis. Renal P2 receptors are widely distributed throughout glomeruli, vasculature, and tubular segments and participate in controlling renal vascular resistance, mediating renal autoregulation, and regulating tubular transport function. This review will focus on the role of ATP-P2 receptor signaling in regulating renal microvascular function and autoregulation, recent advances on the role of ATP-P2 signaling in hypertension-associated renal vascular injury, and emerging new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Guan
- Department of Physiology CA3137, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Savcioglu F, Ozsoy O, Hacioglu G, Kucukatay V, Yargicoglu P, Agar A. The effect of sodium metabisulfite on visual evoked potentials in rats with hypercholesterolemia. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:479-86. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.568981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Takaguri A, Shirai H, Kimura K, Hinoki A, Eguchi K, Carlile-Klusacek M, Yang B, Rizzo V, Eguchi S. Caveolin-1 negatively regulates a metalloprotease-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by angiotensin II. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 50:545-51. [PMID: 21172357 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A metalloprotease, ADAM17, mediates the generation of mature ligands for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This is the key signaling step by which angiotensin II (AngII) induces EGFR transactivation leading to hypertrophy and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the regulatory mechanism of ADAM17 activity remains largely unclear. Here we hypothesized that caveolin-1 (Cav1), the major structural protein of a caveolae, a membrane microdomain, is involved in the regulation of ADAM17. In cultured VSMCs, infection of adenovirus encoding Cav1 markedly inhibited AngII-induced EGFR ligand shedding, EGFR transactivation, ERK activation, hypertrophy and migration, but not intracellular Ca(2+) elevation. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin and filipin, reagents that disrupt raft structure, both stimulated an EGFR ligand shedding and EGFR transactivation in VSMCs. In addition, non-detergent sucrose gradient membrane fractionations revealed that ADAM17 cofractionated with Cav1 in lipid rafts. These results suggest that lipid rafts and perhaps caveolae provide a negative regulatory environment for EGFR transactivation linked to vascular remodeling induced by AngII. These novel findings may provide important information to target cardiovascular diseases under the enhanced renin angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takaguri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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18
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Pérez-Hernández IH, Avendaño-Flores YS, Mejía-Zepeda R. Analysis of the membrane fluidity of erythrocyte ghosts in diabetic, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Diabetol 2010; 47 Suppl 1:47-55. [PMID: 19404568 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-009-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and hypertension are closely related diseases associated with changes in membrane fluidity. Here, we measured the membrane fluidity of erythrocyte ghosts from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), with or without streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, at the ages of 1, 3 and 6 months, by introducing the use of the intramolecular excimer forming dipyrenylpropane (DPyP) in this model. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in 48-h-old, newborn male SHR by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. We found lower excimer to monomer (I (e)/I (m)) DPyP ratios in diabetic SHR than in control SHR at 3 and 6 months old, indicating a decrease in membrane fluidity. Simultaneously, the composition of fatty acids was determined and it was found that the unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (U/S) was compatible with changes in membrane fluidity. These results suggest that the change in fatty acid composition of erythrocyte ghosts contributes significantly to the decreased membrane fluidity detected with DPyP in diabetic SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael H Pérez-Hernández
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av de los Barrios No 1 Los Reyes Iztacala, CP 54090 Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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19
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Abstract
Increased vascular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS; termed oxidative stress) has been implicated in various chronic diseases, including hypertension. Oxidative stress is both a cause and a consequence of hypertension. Although oxidative injury may not be the sole etiology, it amplifies blood pressure elevation in the presence of other pro-hypertensive factors. Oxidative stress is a multisystem phenomenon in hypertension and involves the heart, kidneys, nervous system, vessels and possibly the immune system. Compelling experimental and clinical evidence indicates the importance of the vasculature in the pathophysiology of hypertension and as such much emphasis has been placed on the (patho)biology of ROS in the vascular system. A major source for cardiovascular, renal and neural ROS is a family of non-phagocytic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (Nox), including the prototypic Nox2 homolog-based NADPH oxidase, as well as other Noxes, such as Nox1 and Nox4. Nox-derived ROS is important in regulating endothelial function and vascular tone. Oxidative stress is implicated in endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, hypertrophy, apoptosis, migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis and rarefaction, important processes involved in vascular remodeling in hypertension. Despite a plethora of data implicating oxidative stress as a causative factor in experimental hypertension, findings in human hypertension are less conclusive. This review highlights the importance of ROS in vascular biology and focuses on the potential role of oxidative stress in human hypertension.
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Roura-Ferrer M, Solé L, Oliveras A, Dahan R, Bielanska J, Villarroel A, Comes N, Felipe A. Impact of KCNE subunits on KCNQ1 (Kv7.1) channel membrane surface targeting. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:692-700. [PMID: 20533308 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The KCNQ1 (Kv7.1) channel plays an important role in cardiovascular physiology. Cardiomyocytes co-express KCNQ1 with KCNE1-5 proteins. KCNQ1 may co-associate with multiple KCNE regulatory subunits to generate different biophysically and pharmacologically distinct channels. Increasing evidence indicates that the location and targeting of channels are important determinants of their function. In this context, the presence of K(+) channels in sphingolipid-cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) is under investigation. Lipid rafts are important for cardiovascular functioning. We aimed to determine whether KCNE subunits modify the localization and targeting of KCNQ1 channels in lipid rafts microdomains. HEK-293 cells were transiently transfected with KCNQ1 and KCNE1-5, and their traffic and presence in lipid rafts were analyzed. Only KCNQ1 and KCNE3, when expressed alone, co-localized in raft fractions. In addition, while KCNE2 and KCNE5 notably stained the cell surface, KCNQ1 and the rest of the KCNEs showed strong intracellular retention. KCNQ1 targets multiple membrane surface microdomains upon association with KCNE peptides. Thus, while KCNQ1/KCNE1 and KCNQ1/KCNE2 channels target lipid rafts, KCNQ1 associated with KCNE3-5 did not. Channel membrane dynamics, analyzed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments, further supported these results. In conclusion, the trafficking and targeting pattern of KCNQ1 can be influenced by its association with KCNEs. Since KCNQ1 is crucial for cardiovascular physiology, the temporal and spatial regulations that different KCNE subunits may confer to the channels could have a dramatic impact on membrane electrical activity and putative endocrine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Roura-Ferrer
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Grossmann C, Husse B, Mildenberger S, Schreier B, Schuman K, Gekle M. Colocalization of mineralocorticoid and EGF receptor at the plasma membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:584-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Weston AH, Porter EL, Harno E, Edwards G. Impairment of endothelial SK(Ca) channels and of downstream hyperpolarizing pathways in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:836-43. [PMID: 20233221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization of myocytes is reduced in resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The aim of the present study was to determine whether this reflects down-regulation of endothelial K(+) channels or their associated pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Changes in vascular K(+) channel responses and expression were determined by a combination of membrane potential recordings and Western blotting. KEY RESULTS Endothelium-dependent myocyte hyperpolarizations induced by acetylcholine, 6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime (NS309) (opens small- and intermediate-conductance calcium-sensitive K(+) channels, SK(Ca) and IK(Ca), respectively) or cyclohexyl-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine (SK(Ca) opener) were reduced in mesenteric arteries from SHRs. After blocking SK(Ca) channels with apamin, hyperpolarizations to acetylcholine and NS309 in SHR arteries were similar to those of controls. Hyperpolarization to 5 mM KCl was reduced in SHR arteries due to loss of the Ba(2+)-sensitive, inward-rectifier channel (K(IR)) component; the contribution of ouabain-sensitive, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPases was unaffected. Protein expression of both SK(Ca) and K(IR) channels was reduced in SHR arteries; the caveolin-1 monomer/dimer ratio was increased. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In SHRs, the distinct pathway that generates endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in vascular myocyte by activation of IK(Ca) channels and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPases remains intact. The second pathway, initiated by endothelial SK(Ca) channel activation and amplified by K(IR) opening on both endothelial cells and myocytes is compromised in SHRs due to down-regulation of both SK(Ca) and K(IR) and to changes in caveolin-1 oligomers. These impairments in the SK(Ca)-K(IR) pathway shed new light on vascular control mechanisms and on the underlying vascular changes in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Weston
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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23
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Guan Z, Fuller BS, Yamamoto T, Cook AK, Pollock JS, Inscho EW. Pentosan polysulfate treatment preserves renal autoregulation in ANG II-infused hypertensive rats via normalization of P2X1 receptor activation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 298:F1276-84. [PMID: 20200092 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00743.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory factors are elevated in animal and human subjects with hypertension and renal injury. We hypothesized that inflammation contributes to hypertension-induced renal injury by impairing autoregulation and microvascular reactivity to P2X(1) receptor activation. Studies were conducted in vitro using the blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephron preparation. Rats receiving ANG II (60 ng/min) infusion were treated with the anti-inflammatory agent pentosan polysulfate (PPS) for 14 days. The magnitude and progression of hypertension were similar in ANG II and ANG II+PPS-treated rats (169 ± 5 vs. 172 ± 2 mmHg). Afferent arterioles from control rats exhibited normal autoregulatory behavior with diameter decreasing from 18.4 ± 1.6 to 11.4 ± 1.7 μm when perfusion pressure was increased from 70 to 160 mmHg. In contrast, pressure-mediated vasoconstriction was markedly attenuated in ANG II-treated rats, and diameter remained essentially unchanged over the range of perfusion pressures. However, ANG II-treated rats receiving PPS exhibited normal autoregulatory behavior compared with ANG II alone rats. Arteriolar reactivity to ATP and β,γ-methylene ATP was significantly reduced in ANG II hypertensive rats compared with controls. Interestingly, PPS treatment preserved normal reactivity to P2 and P2X(1) receptor agonists despite the persistent hypertension. The maximal vasoconstriction was 79 ± 3 and 81 ± 2% of the control diameter for ATP and β,γ-methylene ATP, respectively, similar to responses in control rats. PPS treatment significantly reduced α-smooth muscle actin staining in afferent arterioles and plasma transforming growth factor-β1 concentration in ANG II-treated rats. In conclusion, PPS normalizes autoregulation without altering ANG II-induced hypertension, suggesting that inflammatory processes reduce P2X(1) receptor reactivity and thereby impair autoregulatory behavior in ANG II hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Guan
- Dept. of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th St., Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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24
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Pojoga LH, Romero JR, Yao TM, Loutraris P, Ricchiuti V, Coutinho P, Guo C, Lapointe N, Stone JR, Adler GK, Williams GH. Caveolin-1 ablation reduces the adverse cardiovascular effects of N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and angiotensin II. Endocrinology 2010; 151:1236-46. [PMID: 20097717 PMCID: PMC2840694 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are the major cellular membrane structure through which extracellular mediators transmit information to intracellular signaling pathways. In vascular tissue (but not ventricular myocardium), caveolin-1 (cav-1) is the main component of caveolae; cav-1 modulates enzymes and receptors, such as the endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor. Evidence suggests that AngII and aldosterone (ALDO) are important mediators of ventricular injury. We have described a model of biventricular damage in rodents that relies on treatment with N-omega-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor)) and AngII. This damage initiated at the vascular level and was observed only in the presence of ALDO and an activated mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). We hypothesize that cav-1 modulates the adverse cardiac effects mediated by ALDO in this animal model. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the ventricular damage and measures of inflammation, in wild-type (WT) and cav-1 knockout (KO) mice randomized to either placebo or L-NAME/AngII treatment. Despite displaying cardiac hypertrophy at baseline and higher blood pressure responses to L-NAME/AngII, cav-1 KO mice displayed, as compared with WT, decreased treatment-induced biventricular damage as well as decreased transcript levels of the proinflammatory marker plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Additionally, L-NAME/AngII induced an increase in cardiac MR levels in WT but not cav-1-ablated mice. Moreover and despite similar circulating ALDO levels in both genotypes, the myocardial damage (as determined histologically and by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA levels) was less sensitive to ALDO levels in cav-1 KO vs. WT mice, consistent with decreased MR signaling in the cav-1 KO. Thus, we conclude that the L-NAME/AngII-induced biventricular damage is mediated by a mechanism partially dependent on cav-1 and signaling via MR/ALDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita H Pojoga
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling machinery can serve as a direct target of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as well as reactive nitrogen species, including nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is one of the major sources of O2- produced following GPCR activation in vasculature. Nitric oxide is generated by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). This review will summarize the recent progress on GPCR signaling modulation by NADPH oxidase-derived ROS and NOS-derived SNOs. RECENT FINDINGS ROS and reactive nitrogen species play an important role in GPCR signaling involved in various physiological functions such as cell growth, migration, gene expression as well as pathophysiologies. NADPH oxidase-derived ROS activate specific redox signaling events involved in cardiovascular diseases. SNOs can modulate GPCR signaling and internalization through S-nitrosylation of the scaffolding protein beta-arrestin, the GPCR kinases, and dynamin, a guanosine triphosphatase responsible for endocytosis. SUMMARY NADPH oxidase-derived ROS and NOS-derived SNOs are now recognized as important second messengers to regulate GPCR signaling, thereby contributing to various biological and pathophysiological functions. Understanding the molecular mechanism of how ROS, nitric oxide, and SNOs might modulate GPCR signaling is essential for development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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26
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Patel HH, Insel PA. Lipid rafts and caveolae and their role in compartmentation of redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:1357-72. [PMID: 19061440 PMCID: PMC2757136 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Membrane (lipid) rafts and caveolae, a subset of rafts, are cellular domains that concentrate plasma membrane proteins and lipids involved in the regulation of cell function. In addition to providing signaling platforms for G-protein-coupled receptors and certain tyrosine kinase receptors, rafts/caveolae can influence redox signaling. This review discusses molecular characteristics of and methods to study rafts/caveolae, determinants that contribute to the localization of molecules in these entities, an overview of signaling molecules that show such localization, and the contribution of rafts/caveolae to redox signaling. Of particular note is the evidence that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), NADPH oxygenase, and heme oxygenase, along with other less well-studied redox systems, localize in rafts and caveolae. The precise basis for this localization and the contribution of raft/caveolae-localized redox components to physiology and disease are important issues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, USA
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27
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in response to growth factors, cytokines, G protein-coupled receptor agonists, or shear stress, and function as signaling molecules in nonphagocytes. However, it is poorly understood how freely diffusible ROS can activate specific signaling, so-called "redox signaling." NADPH oxidases are a major source of ROS and now recognized to have specific subcellular localizations, and this targeting to specific compartments is required for localized ROS production. One important mechanism may involve the interaction of oxidase subunits with various targeting proteins localized in lamellipodial leading edge and focal adhesions/complexes. ROS are believed to inactivate protein tyrosine phosphatases, thereby establishing a positive-feedback system that promotes activation of specific redox signaling pathways involved in various functions. Additionally, ROS production may be localized through interactions of NADPH oxidase with signaling platforms associated with caveolae/lipid rafts, endosomes, and nucleus. These indicate that the specificity of ROS-mediated signal transduction may be modulated by the localization of Nox isoforms and their regulatory subunits within specific subcellular compartments. This review summarizes the recent progress on compartmentalization of redox signaling via activation of NADPH oxidase, which is implicated in cell biology and pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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28
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Myelin, DIGs, and membrane rafts in the central nervous system. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2009; 91:118-29. [PMID: 19379822 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 40 years our understanding of the organization of cell membranes has changed dramatically. Membranes are no longer viewed as a homogenous sea of phospholipids studded with randomly positioned islands of proteins. Our current view of the membrane involves the formation of small lipid clusters, comprised mainly of cholesterol and sphingolipids, known as membrane rafts. These lipid clusters apparently include and exclude specific proteins leading to the hypothesis that these domains (1) regulate cellular polarity and compartmentalization through trafficking and sorting, (2) provide platforms for cellular signaling and adhesion, and (3) function as cellular gate keepers. Tremendous controversy surrounds the concept of membrane rafts primarily because these small, highly dynamic entities are too small to be observed with traditional microscopic methods and the most utilized approach for raft analysis relies on poorly quantified, inconsistent biochemical extractions. New analytical approaches are being developed and applied to the study of membrane rafts and these techniques provide great promise for furthering our understanding of these enigmatic domains. In this review we will provide a brief summary of the current understanding of membrane rafts, utilizing the CNS myelin literature for illustrative purposes, and present caveats that should be considered when studying these domains.
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Substantial evidence documents the key role of lipid (membrane) rafts and caveolae as microdomains that concentrate a wide variety of receptors and postreceptor components regulated by hormones, neurotransmitters and growth factors. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data document that these microdomains are important in regulating vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and renal epithelial cells, and particularly in signal transduction across the plasma membrane. SUMMARY Raft/caveolae domains are cellular regions, including in cardiovascular and renal epithelial cells, which organize a large number of signal transduction components, thereby providing spatially and temporally efficient regulation of cell function.
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30
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Lee IH, Campbell CR, Song SH, Day ML, Kumar S, Cook DI, Dinudom A. The activity of the epithelial sodium channels is regulated by caveolin-1 via a Nedd4-2-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:12663-9. [PMID: 19304660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809737200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) is compartmentalized in caveolin-rich lipid rafts and that pharmacological depletion of membrane cholesterol, which disrupts lipid raft formation, decreases the activity of ENaC. Here we show, for the first time, that a signature protein of caveolae, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), down-regulates the activity and membrane surface expression of ENaC. Physical interaction between ENaC and Cav-1 was also confirmed in a coimmunoprecipitation assay. We found that the effect of Cav-1 on ENaC requires the activity of Nedd4-2, a ubiquitin protein ligase of the Nedd4 family, which is known to induce ubiquitination and internalization of ENaC. The effect of Cav-1 on ENaC requires the proline-rich motifs at the C termini of the beta- and gamma-subunits of ENaC, the binding motifs that mediate interaction with Nedd4-2. Taken together, our data suggest that Cav-1 inhibits the activity of ENaC by decreasing expression of ENaC at the cell membrane via a mechanism that involves the promotion of Nedd4-2-dependent internalization of the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Ha Lee
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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31
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Johnstone S, Isakson B, Locke D. Biological and biophysical properties of vascular connexin channels. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 278:69-118. [PMID: 19815177 PMCID: PMC2878191 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(09)78002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular channels formed by connexin proteins play a pivotal role in the direct movement of ions and larger cytoplasmic solutes between vascular endothelial cells, between vascular smooth muscle cells, and between endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Multiple genetic and epigenetic factors modulate connexin expression levels and/or channel function, including cell-type-independent and cell-type-specific transcription factors, posttranslational modifications, and localized membrane targeting. Additionally, differences in protein-protein interactions, including those between connexins, significantly contribute to both vascular homeostasis and disease progression. The biophysical properties of the connexin channels identified in the vasculature, those formed by Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and/or Cx45 proteins, are discussed in this chapter in the physiological and pathophysiological context of vessel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Johnstone
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 29908
| | - Brant Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 29908
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 29908
| | - Darren Locke
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103
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32
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2009; 18:91-3. [DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e32831fd875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Lim EJ, Májková Z, Xu S, Bachas L, Arzuaga X, Smart E, Tseng MT, Toborek M, Hennig B. Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl-induced CYP1A1 is regulated through caveolae signaling in vascular endothelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 176:71-8. [PMID: 18786521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental contaminants that can induce inflammatory processes in the vascular endothelium. We hypothesize that the plasma membrane microdomains called caveolae are critical in endothelial activation and toxicity induced by PCBs. Caveolae are particularly abundant in endothelial cells and play a major role in endothelial trafficking and the regulation of signaling pathways associated with the pathology of vascular diseases. We focused on the role of caveolae and their major protein component, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) by coplanar PCBs. Endothelial cell exposure to PCB77 increased both caveolin-1 and CYP1A1 levels in a time-dependent manner in total cell lysates, with a maximum increase at 6h. Furthermore, PCB77 accumulated mainly in the caveolae-rich fraction, as determined by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that PCB77 increased AhR binding to caveolin-1. Silencing of caveolin-1 significantly attenuated PCB77-mediated induction of CYP1A1 and oxidative stress. Similar effects were observed in caveolin-1 null mice treated with PCB77. These data suggest that caveolae may play a role in regulating vascular toxicity induced by persistent environmental pollutants such as coplanar PCBs. This may have implications in understanding mechanisms of inflammatory diseases induced by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Lim
- Molecular and Cell Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Kiss E, Nagy P, Balogh A, Szöllosi J, Matkó J. Cytometry of raft and caveola membrane microdomains: from flow and imaging techniques to high throughput screening assays. Cytometry A 2008; 73:599-614. [PMID: 18473380 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily developed microdomain structure of biological membranes has gained more and more attention in the past decade. The caveolin-free "membrane rafts," the caveolin-expressing rafts (caveolae), as well as other membrane microdomains seem to play an essential role in controlling and coordinating cell-surface molecular recognition, internalization/endocytosis of the bound molecules or pathogenic organisms and in regulation of transmembrane signal transduction processes. Therefore, in many research fields (e.g. neurobiology and immunology), there is an ongoing need to understand the nature of these microdomains and to quantitatively characterize their lipid and protein composition under various physiological and pathological conditions. Flow and image cytometry offer many sophisticated and routine tools to study these questions. In this review, we give an overview of the past efforts to detect and characterize these membrane microdomains by the use of classical cytometric technologies, and finally we will discuss the results and perspectives of a new line of raft cytometry, the "high throughput screening assays of membrane microdomains," based on "lipidomic" and "proteomic" approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Kiss
- Immunology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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35
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Montezano AC, Callera GE, Yogi A, He Y, Tostes RC, He G, Schiffrin EL, Touyz RM. Aldosterone and angiotensin II synergistically stimulate migration in vascular smooth muscle cells through c-Src-regulated redox-sensitive RhoA pathways. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1511-8. [PMID: 18467645 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.168021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synergistic interactions between aldosterone (Aldo) and angiotensin II (Ang II) have been implicated in vascular inflammation, fibrosis, and remodeling. Molecular mechanisms underlying this are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that c-Src activation, through receptor tyrosine kinase transactivation, is critically involved in synergistic interactions between Aldo and Ang II and that it is upstream of promigratory signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS VSMCs from WKY rats were studied. At low concentrations (10(-10) mol/L) Aldo and Ang II alone did not influence c-Src activation, whereas in combination they rapidly increased phosphorylation (P<0.01), an effect blocked by eplerenone (Aldo receptor antagonist) and irbesartan (AT1R blocker). This synergism was attenuated by AG1478 and AG1296 (inhibitors of EGFR and PDGFR, respectively), but not by AG1024 (IGFR inhibitor). Aldo and Ang II costimulation induced c-Src-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase and c-Src-independent activation of ERK1/2 (P<0.05), without effect on ERK5, p38MAPK, or JNK. Aldo/Ang II synergistically activated RhoA/Rho kinase and VSMC migration, effects blocked by PP2, apocynin, and fasudil, inhibitors of c-Src, NADPH oxidase, and Rho kinase, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Aldo/Ang II synergistically activate c-Src, an immediate signaling response, through EGFR and PDGFR, but not IGFR transactivation. This is associated with activation of redox-regulated RhoA/Rho kinase, which controls VSMC migration. Although Aldo and Ang II interact to stimulate ERK1/2, such effects are c-Src-independent. These findings indicate differential signaling in Aldo-Ang II crosstalk and highlight the importance of c-Src in redox-sensitive RhoA, but not ERK1/2 signaling. Blockade of Aldo/Ang II may be therapeutically useful in vascular remodeling associated with abnormal VSMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Montezano
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lipid membrane microdomains are involved in major types of disease, ranging from vascular and metabolic diseases to neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, infectious and inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This review provides an update of membrane microdomain abnormalities. RECENT FINDINGS Lipid membrane microdomains are dynamic assemblies of sphingolipids, cholesterol and proteins that dissociate and associate rapidly and form functional clusters. Membrane microdomain clustering is the key to how membrane microdomains can form lipid-protein platforms in cell membranes, functioning in membrane trafficking, cell polarization and signalling. Clustering of membrane microdomains can be modified, for example by dietary lipids and pharmacological agents. SUMMARY Metabolic overload through a cholesterol-rich and fat-rich diet can trigger metabolic learning, which is associated with membrane microdomain persistence, persistent signalling and disturbed vesicular traffic. Detailed characterization of lipid membrane microdomains and dynamics at the molecular level is necessary and will help to identify new dietary and pharmacological therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of lipid membrane microdomain related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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