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Turner ME, Beck L, Hill Gallant KM, Chen Y, Moe OW, Kuro-o M, Moe S, Aikawa E. Phosphate in Cardiovascular Disease: From New Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:584-602. [PMID: 38205639 PMCID: PMC10922848 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia is a common feature in patients with impaired kidney function and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This phenomenon extends to the general population, whereby elevations of serum phosphate within the normal range increase risk; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is multifaceted, and many aspects are poorly understood. Less than 1% of total body phosphate is found in the circulation and extracellular space, and its regulation involves multiple organ cross talk and hormones to coordinate absorption from the small intestine and excretion by the kidneys. For phosphate to be regulated, it must be sensed. While mostly enigmatic, various phosphate sensors have been elucidated in recent years. Phosphate in the circulation can be buffered, either through regulated exchange between extracellular and cellular spaces or through chelation by circulating proteins (ie, fetuin-A) to form calciprotein particles, which in themselves serve a function for bulk mineral transport and signaling. Either through direct signaling or through mediators like hormones, calciprotein particles, or calcifying extracellular vesicles, phosphate can induce various cardiovascular disease pathologies: most notably, ectopic cardiovascular calcification but also left ventricular hypertrophy, as well as bone and kidney diseases, which then propagate phosphate dysregulation further. Therapies targeting phosphate have mostly focused on intestinal binding, of which appreciation and understanding of paracellular transport has greatly advanced the field. However, pharmacotherapies that target cardiovascular consequences of phosphate directly, such as vascular calcification, are still an area of great unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy E. Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Beck
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Inserm, l’institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Kathleen M Hill Gallant
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Research Department, Veterans Affairs Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Makoto Kuro-o
- Division of Anti-aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Sharon Moe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Das R, Mondal M, Paul S, Pan A, Banerjee P. An Easy-to-use phosphate triggered Zinc-Azophenine Complex assisted metal extrusion assay: A diagnostic approach for chronic kidney disease and in silico docking studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Phosphate homeostasis is dependent on the interaction and coordination of four main organ systems: thyroid/parathyroids, gastrointestinal tract, bone and kidneys, and three key hormonal regulators, 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone and FGF23 with its co- factor klotho. Phosphorus is a critical nutritional element for normal cellular function, but in excess can be toxic to tissues, particularly the vasculature. As phosphate, it also has an important interaction and inter-dependence with calcium and calcium homeostasis sharing some of the same controlling hormones, although this is not covered in our article. We have chosen to provide a current overview of phosphate homeostasis only, focusing on the role of two major organ systems, the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, and their contribution to the control of phosphate balance. We describe in some detail the mechanisms of intestinal and renal phosphate transport, and compare and contrast their regulation. We also consider a significant example of phosphate imbalance, with phosphate retention, which is chronic kidney disease; why consequent hyperphosphatemia is important, and some of the newer means of managing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Marks
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Unwin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Dey S, Paul S, Debsharma K, Sinha C. A highly emissive Zn(II)-pyridyl-benzimidazolyl-phenolato-based chemosensor: detection of H 2PO 4-via "use" and "throw" device fabrication. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5282-5292. [PMID: 34726675 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01575c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2-Ethoxy-6-[1-(phenyl-pyridin-2-yl-methyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-phenol (HL) selectively serves as a sensitive 'turn on' Zn2+ sensor in 9 : 1 (v/v) DMSO/H2O (HEPES buffer, pH = 7.4) medium in the presence of sixteen other cations at the limit of detection (LOD) of 3.2 nM. The strong blue emission of the complex, {[Zn(L1)OAc]} (HL1 = benzimidazolyl ring-opening structure of HL) (λem, 461 nm), is quenched by H2PO4- in the presence of eighteen other anions and the LOD is 0.238 μM. The emission of the complex is due to restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR) followed by chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF). The quenching of the emission of [Zn(L1)OAc] by H2PO4- (in the presence of other PVs (inorganic and biological) as well as additional anions) is due to the 'turn off' fluorescence via the demetallation and release of the nonfluorescent ligand, HL, and [Zn(H2PO4)]+. An INHIBIT logic gate memory circuit of the probe HL was devised with Zn2+ and H2PO4- as two consecutive inputs. The percentage of H2PO4- recovery was excellent and was obtained from distilled, tap, and drinking water sources. The bright blue emission of [Zn(L1)OAc] further triggered the fabrication of ready-made portable thin films of the Zn-complex, which executed a cost-effective 'on-site' solid-state contact mode detection of H2PO4- with selectivity at the picogram level (10.97 pg cm-2) by monitoring the intensities of quenched spots under UV light upon varying the analyte concentration from 10-8 to 10-3 M. Finally, taking advantage of reversible fluorescence switching, a simple and definite ion-responsive security feature was successfully embedded into a "use" and "throw" solution-coated paper strip of the Zn(II)-pyridyl-benzimidazolyl-phenolato-based chemosensor, which efficiently detected H2PO4- in water by a successive 'ON-OFF' fluorescence switching-driven security activity without any exhaustion of the emission phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, Birati, Kolkata 700051, India
| | - Sukanya Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Kingshuk Debsharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Bird RP, Eskin NAM. The emerging role of phosphorus in human health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 96:27-88. [PMID: 34112356 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus, an essential nutrient, performs vital functions in skeletal and non-skeletal tissues and is pivotal for energy production. The last two decades of research on the physiological importance of phosphorus have provided several novel insights about its dynamic nature as a nutrient performing functions as a phosphate ion. Phosphorous also acts as a signaling molecule and induces complex physiological responses. It is recognized that phosphorus homeostasis is critical for health. The intake of phosphorus by the general population world-wide is almost double the amount required to maintain health. This increase is attributed to the incorporation of phosphate containing food additives in processed foods purchased by consumers. Research findings assessed the impact of excessive phosphorus intake on cells' and organs' responses, and highlighted the potential pathogenic consequences. Research also identified a new class of bioactive phosphates composed of polymers of phosphate molecules varying in chain length. These polymers are involved in metabolic responses including hemostasis, brain and bone health, via complex mechanism(s) with positive or negative health effects, depending on their chain length. It is amazing, that phosphorus, a simple element, is capable of exerting multiple and powerful effects. The role of phosphorus and its polymers in the renal and cardiovascular system as well as on brain health appear to be important and promising future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana P Bird
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
| | - N A Michael Eskin
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Dhar S, Sen B, Mukhopadhyay SK, Mukherjee T, Chattopadhyay AP, Pramanik S. CdS quantum dots embedded in PVP: Inorganic phosphate ion sensing in real sample and its antimicrobial activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 234:118256. [PMID: 32217451 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl-pyrrolidone capped spherical cadmium sulphide quantum dots (CdS-PVP QDs), 2-6 nm in size, were developed as a selective turn-on fluorescence nanosensor for monohydrogen phosphate ion (HPO42-) in aqueous medium. Fluorescence intensity of CdS-PVP QDs significantly increased with addition of HPO42- ions, whereas the other common inorganic ions had very little effect on the fluorescence intensity. The proposed sensor may be efficiently used for the detection of HPO42- ions at a low level of concentration up to 213 nM in real urine sample. Cell imaging study indicates that the CdS-PVP QDs are cell permeable and can detect the intracellular distribution of HPO42- ions under fluorescence microscope. The CdS-PVP QDs showed considerable activity against Staphylococcus aureus also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swastika Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, Kalyani University, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
| | - Buddhadeb Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, India
| | | | - Trinetra Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan, , Burdwan 713104, India
| | | | - Sadhan Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Hooghly Womens College, Hooghly 712103, India
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Ratkovski GP, do Nascimento KTO, Pedro GC, Ratkovski DR, Gorza FDS, da Silva RJ, Maciel BG, Mojica-Sánchez LC, de Melo CP. Spinel Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for Sensing Phosphate Ions in Aqueous Media and Biological Samples. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2920-2929. [PMID: 32119558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate ions perform a variety of functions in metabolic processes and are essential for all living organisms. The determination of the concentration of phosphate ions is useful in clinical diagnosis of various diseases as an inadequate phosphate level could lead to many health problems. In the search for a cost-effective method of fast monitoring, we investigated the use of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFeNPs) in the selective recognition of phosphate ions dissolved in aqueous media and more complex samples, such as human blood serum. We prepared these NPs by a chemical coprecipitation route and subjected them to annealing at 600 °C for 1 h. The successful formation of the NPs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and hysteresis loop measurements. The NPs exhibited a ferrimagnetic behavior, a spinel-type crystalline structure, and hexagonal shape in the nanoscale range. We demonstrated that CoFeNPs containing immobilized fluorescent-labeled single-chain DNA (ssDNA*) probes can be applied for the fast selective detection of phosphate ions dissolved in a liquid medium. We have explored the fact that phosphate groups can displace ssDNA* probes attached to the nanoparticles, therefore causing a perceptible change in the fluorescence signal of the supernatant liquid. This detection method has been tested for the sensing of phosphate ions present both in aqueous solutions and in biological samples, with excellent selectivity and a low limit of detection (∼1.75 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P Ratkovski
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Kamila T O do Nascimento
- Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Graciela C Pedro
- Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Danilo R Ratkovski
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Filipe D S Gorza
- Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Romário J da Silva
- Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bruna G Maciel
- Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lizeth C Mojica-Sánchez
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Celso P de Melo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Tangngam H, Mahachoklertwattana P, Poomthavorn P, Chuansumrit A, Sirachainan N, Chailurkit LO, Khlairit P. Under-recognized Hypoparathyroidism in Thalassemia. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 10:324-330. [PMID: 29726397 PMCID: PMC6280323 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Symptomatic hypoparathyroidism [symptomatic hypocalcemia without elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH)] in patients with thalassemia is relatively rare. Asymptomatic mild hypocalcemia without elevated PTH, which is considered hypoparathyroidism, may be more common but under-recognized. METHODS Sixty-six transfusion-dependent thalassemic patients and 28 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), creatinine (Cr), albumin, intact PTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), plasma intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), urinary Ca, P and Cr were measured. Tubular reabsorption of P was calculated. RESULTS Thalassemic patients had significantly lower median serum Ca levels than the controls [8.7 (7.8-9.7) vs 9.6 (8.7-10.1) mg/dL, p<0.001]. Hypoparathyroidism was found in 25 of 66 (38%) patients. Symptomatic hypoparathyroidism was not encountered. Thalassemic patients also had significantly lower median plasma FGF-23 levels than the controls [35.7 (2.1-242.8) vs 53.2 (13.3-218.6) pg/mL, p=0.01]. In patients with hypoparathyroidism, median plasma FGF-23 level was significantly lower than that of normoparathyroid patients [34.8 (2.1-120.0) vs 43.1 (3.2-242.8) pg/mL, p=0.048]. However, serum P, Cr, intact PTH and 25-OHD levels were not significantly different in the two groups. CONCLUSION Hypoparathyroidism was not uncommon in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia treated with suboptimal iron chelation. Plasma intact FGF-23 level in hypoparathyroid patients was lower than that of normoparathyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hataitip Tangngam
- Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pat Mahachoklertwattana
- Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Bangkok, Thailand,* Address for Correspondence: Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics, Bangkok, Thailand Phone: +6622011394 E-mail:
| | - Preamrudee Poomthavorn
- Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ampaiwan Chuansumrit
- Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nongnuch Sirachainan
- Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - La-or Chailurkit
- Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Department of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Khlairit
- Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Bangkok, Thailand
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Michigami T, Kawai M, Yamazaki M, Ozono K. Phosphate as a Signaling Molecule and Its Sensing Mechanism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2317-2348. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, phosphate balance is maintained by influx and efflux via the intestines, kidneys, bone, and soft tissue, which involves multiple sodium/phosphate (Na+/Pi) cotransporters, as well as regulation by several hormones. Alterations in the levels of extracellular phosphate exert effects on both skeletal and extra-skeletal tissues, and accumulating evidence has suggested that phosphate itself evokes signal transduction to regulate gene expression and cell behavior. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that an elevation in extracellular Piactivates fibroblast growth factor receptor, Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway and Akt pathway, which might involve the type III Na+/Picotransporter PiT-1. Excessive phosphate loading can lead to various harmful effects by accelerating ectopic calcification, enhancing oxidative stress, and dysregulating signal transduction. The responsiveness of mammalian cells to altered extracellular phosphate levels suggests that they may sense and adapt to phosphate availability, although the precise mechanism for phosphate sensing in mammals remains unclear. Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and yeast, use some types of Pitransporters and other molecules, such as kinases, to sense the environmental Piavailability. Multicellular animals may need to integrate signals from various organs to sense the phosphate levels as a whole organism, similarly to higher plants. Clarification of the phosphate-sensing mechanism in humans may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat diseases caused by phosphate imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamazaki
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Bon N, Couasnay G, Bourgine A, Sourice S, Beck-Cormier S, Guicheux J, Beck L. Phosphate (P i)-regulated heterodimerization of the high-affinity sodium-dependent P i transporters PiT1/Slc20a1 and PiT2/Slc20a2 underlies extracellular P i sensing independently of P i uptake. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:2102-2114. [PMID: 29233890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular phosphate (Pi) can act as a signaling molecule that directly alters gene expression and cellular physiology. The ability of cells or organisms to detect changes in extracellular Pi levels implies the existence of a Pi-sensing mechanism that signals to the body or individual cell. However, unlike in prokaryotes, yeasts, and plants, the molecular players involved in Pi sensing in mammals remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the high-affinity, sodium-dependent Pi transporters PiT1 and PiT2 in mediating Pi signaling in skeletal cells. We found that deletion of PiT1 or PiT2 blunted the Pi-dependent ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation and subsequent gene up-regulation of the mineralization inhibitors matrix Gla protein and osteopontin. This result suggested that both PiTs are necessary for Pi signaling. Moreover, the ERK1/2 phosphorylation could be rescued by overexpressing Pi transport-deficient PiT mutants. Using cross-linking and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer approaches, we found that PiT1 and PiT2 form high-abundance homodimers and Pi-regulated low-abundance heterodimers. Interestingly, in the absence of sodium-dependent Pi transport activity, the PiT1-PiT2 heterodimerization was still regulated by extracellular Pi levels. Of note, when two putative Pi-binding residues, Ser-128 (in PiT1) and Ser-113 (in PiT2), were substituted with alanine, the PiT1-PiT2 heterodimerization was no longer regulated by extracellular Pi These observations suggested that Pi binding rather than Pi uptake may be the key factor in mediating Pi signaling through the PiT proteins. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Pi-regulated PiT1-PiT2 heterodimerization mediates Pi sensing independently of Pi uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bon
- From INSERM, U1229, RMeS "Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton," STEP team "Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine," Nantes F-44042, France.,the Université de Nantes, UMR-S 1229, RMeS, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France, and
| | - Greig Couasnay
- From INSERM, U1229, RMeS "Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton," STEP team "Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine," Nantes F-44042, France.,the Université de Nantes, UMR-S 1229, RMeS, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France, and
| | - Annabelle Bourgine
- From INSERM, U1229, RMeS "Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton," STEP team "Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine," Nantes F-44042, France.,the Université de Nantes, UMR-S 1229, RMeS, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France, and
| | - Sophie Sourice
- From INSERM, U1229, RMeS "Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton," STEP team "Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine," Nantes F-44042, France.,the Université de Nantes, UMR-S 1229, RMeS, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France, and
| | - Sarah Beck-Cormier
- From INSERM, U1229, RMeS "Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton," STEP team "Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine," Nantes F-44042, France.,the Université de Nantes, UMR-S 1229, RMeS, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France, and
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- From INSERM, U1229, RMeS "Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton," STEP team "Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine," Nantes F-44042, France.,the Université de Nantes, UMR-S 1229, RMeS, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France, and.,CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, Nantes F-44042, France
| | - Laurent Beck
- From INSERM, U1229, RMeS "Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton," STEP team "Skeletal Physiopathology and Joint Regenerative Medicine," Nantes F-44042, France, .,the Université de Nantes, UMR-S 1229, RMeS, UFR Odontologie, Nantes F-44042, France, and
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Geddes RF, Biourge V, Chang Y, Syme HM, Elliott J. The Effect of Moderate Dietary Protein and Phosphate Restriction on Calcium-Phosphate Homeostasis in Healthy Older Cats. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1690-1702. [PMID: 27527663 PMCID: PMC5032885 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary phosphate and protein restriction decreases plasma PTH and FGF‐23 concentrations and improves survival time in azotemic cats, but has not been examined in cats that are not azotemic. Hypothesis Feeding a moderately protein‐ and phosphate‐restricted diet decreases PTH and FGF‐23 in healthy older cats and thereby slows progression to azotemic CKD. Animals A total of 54 healthy, client‐owned cats (≥ 9 years). Methods Prospective double‐blinded randomized placebo‐controlled trial. Cats were assigned to test diet (protein 76 g/Mcal and phosphate 1.6 g/Mcal) or control diet (protein 86 g/Mcal and phosphate 2.6 g/Mcal) and monitored for 18 months. Changes in variables over time and effect of diet were assessed by linear mixed models. Results A total of 26 cats ate test diet and 28 cats ate control diet. There was a significant effect of diet on urinary fractional excretion of phosphate (P = 0.045), plasma PTH (P = 0.005), and ionized calcium concentrations (P = 0.018), but not plasma phosphate, FGF‐23, or creatinine concentrations. Plasma PTH concentrations did not significantly change in cats fed the test diet (P = 0.62) but increased over time in cats fed the control diet (P = 0.001). There was no significant treatment effect of the test diet on development of azotemic CKD (3 of 26 (12%) test versus 3 of 28 (11%) control, odds ratio 1.09 (95% CI 0.13–8.94), P = 0.92). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Feeding a moderately protein‐ and phosphate‐restricted diet has effects on calcium‐phosphate homeostasis in healthy older cats and is well tolerated. This might have an impact on renal function and could be useful in early chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Geddes
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK.
| | | | - Y Chang
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, UK
| | - H M Syme
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Camden, London, UK
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Chaudhary SC, Kuzynski M, Bottini M, Beniash E, Dokland T, Mobley CG, Yadav MC, Poliard A, Kellermann O, Millán JL, Napierala D. Phosphate induces formation of matrix vesicles during odontoblast-initiated mineralization in vitro. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:284-300. [PMID: 26883946 PMCID: PMC4875887 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mineralization is a process of deposition of calcium phosphate crystals within a fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM). In mineralizing tissues, such as dentin, bone and hypertrophic cartilage, this process is initiated by a specific population of extracellular vesicles (EV), called matrix vesicles (MV). Although it has been proposed that MV are formed by shedding of the plasma membrane, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating formation of mineralization-competent MV are not fully elucidated. In these studies, 17IIA11, ST2, and MC3T3-E1 osteogenic cell lines were used to determine how formation of MV is regulated during initiation of the mineralization process. In addition, the molecular composition of MV secreted by 17IIA11 cells and exosomes from blood and B16-F10 melanoma cell line was compared to identify the molecular characteristics distinguishing MV from other EV. Western blot analyses demonstrated that MV released from 17IIA11 cells are characterized by high levels of proteins engaged in calcium and phosphate regulation, but do not express the exosomal markers CD81 and HSP70. Furthermore, we uncovered that the molecular composition of MV released by 17IIA11 cells changes upon exposure to the classical inducers of osteogenic differentiation, namely ascorbic acid and phosphate. Specifically, lysosomal proteins Lamp1 and Lamp2a were only detected in MV secreted by cells stimulated with osteogenic factors. Quantitative nanoparticle tracking analyses of MV secreted by osteogenic cells determined that standard osteogenic factors stimulate MV secretion and that phosphate is the main driver of their secretion. On the molecular level, phosphate-induced MV secretion is mediated through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases Erk1/2 and is accompanied by re-organization of filamentous actin. In summary, we determined that mineralization-competent MV are distinct from exosomes, and we identified a new role of phosphate in the process of ECM mineralization. These data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of MV formation during initiation of the mineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep C Chaudhary
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Maria Kuzynski
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Inflammatory and Infectious Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elia Beniash
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Terje Dokland
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Callie G Mobley
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Manisha C Yadav
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne Poliard
- EA2496 UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Odile Kellermann
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université René Descartes Paris 5, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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13
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Development of electrochemical sensor for selective recognition of PO43− ions using organic nanoparticles of dipodal receptor in aqueous medium. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Galassi A, Cupisti A, Santoro A, Cozzolino M. Phosphate balance in ESRD: diet, dialysis and binders against the low evident masked pool. J Nephrol 2014; 28:415-29. [PMID: 25245472 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate metabolism is crucial in the pathophysiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism and vascular calcification. High phosphate levels have been consistently associated with unfavorable outcomes in dialysis patients, but several limitations are still hampering a resolutive definition of the optimal targets of phosphate serum levels to be achieved in this cohort. Nonetheless, hyperphosphatemia is a late marker of phosphate overload in humans. Clinical nephrologists routinely counteract the positive phosphate balance in dialysis patients through nutritional counseling, stronger phosphate removal by dialysis and prescription of phosphate binders. However, the superiority against placebo of phosphate control by diet, dialysis or binders in terms of survival has never been tested in dedicated randomized controlled trials. The present review discusses this conundrum with particular emphasis on the rationale supporting the value of a simultaneous intervention against phosphate overload in dialysis patients via the improvement of dietary intakes, dialysis efficiency and an individualized choice of phosphate binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galassi
- Department of Medicine, Renal and Dialysis Unit, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy,
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15
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Biber J, Murer H, Mohebbi N, Wagner C. Renal Handling of Phosphate and Sulfate. Compr Physiol 2014; 4:771-92. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c120031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Extracellular K(+) homeostasis has been explained by feedback mechanisms in which changes in extracellular K(+) concentration drive renal K(+) excretion directly or indirectly via stimulating aldosterone secretion. However, this cannot explain meal-induced kaliuresis, which often occurs without increases in plasma K(+) or aldosterone concentrations. Recent studies have produced evidence supporting a feedforward control in which gut sensing of dietary K(+) increases renal K(+) excretion (and extrarenal K(+) uptake) independent of plasma K(+) concentrations, namely, a gut factor. This review focuses on these new findings and discusses the role of gut factor in acute and chronic regulation of extracellular K(+) as well as in the beneficial effects of high K(+) intake on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang H Youn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9142, USA.
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17
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Ohnishi R, Segawa H, Ohmoto T, Sasaki S, Hanazaki A, Mori A, Ikuta K, Furutani J, Kawakami E, Tatsumi S, Hamada Y, Miyamoto KI. Effect of dietary components on renal inorganic phosphate (Pi) excretion induced by a Pi-depleted diet. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2014; 61:162-70. [DOI: 10.2152/jmi.61.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Ohnishi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Hiroko Segawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Tomoyo Ohmoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Shohei Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Ai Hanazaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Ayaka Mori
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Kayo Ikuta
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Junya Furutani
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Eri Kawakami
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Sawako Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yasuhiro Hamada
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Ken-ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
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18
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Progress and recent advances in phosphate sensors: A review. Talanta 2013; 114:191-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Cupisti A, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Management of natural and added dietary phosphorus burden in kidney disease. Semin Nephrol 2013; 33:180-90. [PMID: 23465504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus retention occurs from higher dietary phosphorus intake relative to its renal excretion or dialysis removal. In the gastrointestinal tract the naturally existing organic phosphorus is only partially (∼60%) absorbable; however, this absorption varies widely and is lower for plant-based phosphorus including phytate (<40%) and higher for foods enhanced with inorganic phosphorus-containing preservatives (>80%). The latter phosphorus often remains unrecognized by patients and health care professionals, even though it is widely used in contemporary diets, in particular, low-cost foods. In a nonenhanced mixed diet, digestible phosphorus correlates closely with total protein content, making protein-rich foods a main source of natural phosphorus. Phosphorus burden is limited more appropriately in predialysis patients who are on a low-protein diet (∼0.6 g/kg/d), whereas dialysis patients who require higher protein intake (∼1.2 g/kg/d) are subject to a higher dietary phosphorus load. An effective and patient-friendly approach to reduce phosphorus intake without depriving patients of adequate proteins is to educate patients to avoid foods with high phosphorus relative to protein such as egg yolk and those with high amounts of phosphorus-based preservatives such as certain soft drinks and enhanced cheese and meat. Phosphorus rich foods should be prepared by boiling, which reduces phosphorus as well as sodium and potassium content, or by other types of cooking-induced demineralization. The dose of phosphorus-binding therapy should be adjusted separately for the amount and absorbability of phosphorus in each meal. Dietician counseling to address the emerging aspects of dietary phosphorus management is instrumental for achieving a reduction of phosphorus load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamasco Cupisti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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20
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Drüeke TB, Olgaard K. Report on 2012 ISN Nexus Symposium: ‘Bone and the Kidney’. Kidney Int 2013; 83:557-62. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Geddes RF, Finch NC, Syme HM, Elliott J. The role of phosphorus in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2013; 23:122-33. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F. Geddes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms; Hatfield; AL9 7TA; UK
| | - Natalie C. Finch
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; Royal College Street; Camden; London; NW1 0TU; UK
| | - Harriet M. Syme
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms; Hatfield; AL9 7TA; UK
| | - Jonathan Elliott
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; Royal College Street; Camden; London; NW1 0TU; UK
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22
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Quinn SJ, Thomsen ARB, Pang JL, Kantham L, Bräuner-Osborne H, Pollak M, Goltzman D, Brown EM. Interactions between calcium and phosphorus in the regulation of the production of fibroblast growth factor 23 in vivo. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E310-20. [PMID: 23233539 PMCID: PMC3566433 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00460.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis are highly interrelated and share common regulatory hormones, including FGF23. However, little is known about calcium's role in the regulation of FGF23. We sought to investigate the regulatory roles of calcium and phosphorus in FGF23 production using genetic mouse models with targeted inactivation of PTH (PTH KO) or both PTH and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR; PTH-CaSR DKO). In wild-type, PTH KO, and PTH-CaSR DKO mice, elevation of either serum calcium or phosphorus by intraperitoneal injection increased serum FGF23 levels. In PTH KO and PTH-CaSR DKO mice, however, increases in serum phosphorus by dietary manipulation were accompanied by severe hypocalcemia, which appeared to blunt stimulation of FGF23 release. Increases in dietary phosphorus in PTH-CaSR DKO mice markedly decreased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] despite no change in FGF23, suggesting direct regulation of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) synthesis by serum phosphorus. Calcium-mediated increases in serum FGF23 required a threshold level of serum phosphorus of about 5 mg/dl. Analogously, phosphorus-elicited increases in FGF23 were markedly blunted if serum calcium was less than 8 mg/dl. The best correlation between calcium and phosphorus and serum FGF23 was found between FGF23 and the calcium × phosphorus product. Since calcium stimulated FGF23 production in the PTH-CaSR DKO mice, this effect cannot be mediated by the full-length CaSR. Thus the regulation of FGF23 by both calcium and phosphorus appears to be fundamentally important in coordinating the serum levels of both mineral ions and ensuring that the calcium × phosphorus product remains within a physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Quinn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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23
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Wu L, Wang T, Ge Y, Cai X, Wang J, Lin Y. Secreted factors from adipose tissue increase adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:311-9. [PMID: 22571453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipose tissue engineering is one of the hottest topics in the field of regenerative medicine. Fat tissue has been considered as an abundant and accessible source of adult stem cells by tissue engineers, since it gives rise to adipose stem cells. However, recent reports have pointed out that adipose tissue, as a secretory and endocrine organ, might secrete cytokines that regulate body functions such as metabolism, infammation and more. In this study, we aim to investigate the adipogenic-inducing factors secreted by fat tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conditioned medium were collected by culturing fat tissue fragments in plastic flasks. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in conditioned medium (CM) to test the adipogenic-inducing factors. Oil red O staining, reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and immunocytofluorescent staining were performed to examine the differentiation of MSCs in CM. RESULTS MSCs cultured in CM of adipose tissue spontaneously differentiated into adipocytes. Furthermore, supplementation of insulin or dexamethasone to CM accelerated the process of lipid accumulation of differentiated MSCs. DISCUSSION Results from this study demonstrated that fat tissues secrete small molecules, which induce adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides clues for improving adipose tissue engineering by using fragmented adipose tissue as sources of fat-inducing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Weinman EJ, Biswas R, Steplock D, Wang P, Lau YS, Desir GV, Shenolikar S. Increased renal dopamine and acute renal adaptation to a high-phosphate diet. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F1123-9. [PMID: 21325500 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00744.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current experiments explore the role of dopamine in facilitating the acute increase in renal phosphate excretion in response to a high-phosphate diet. Compared with a low-phosphate (0.1%) diet for 24 h, mice fed a high-phosphate (1.2%) diet had significantly higher rates of phosphate excretion in the urine associated with a two- to threefold increase in the dopamine content of the kidney and in the urinary excretion of dopamine. Animals fed a high-phosphate diet had a significant increase in the abundance and activity of renal DOPA (l-dihydroxyphenylalanine) decarboxylase and significant reductions in renalase, monoamine oxidase A, and monoamine oxidase B. The activity of protein kinase A and protein kinase C, markers of activation of renal dopamine receptors, were significantly higher in animals fed a high-phosphate vs. a low-phosphate diet. Treatment of rats with carbidopa, an inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase, impaired adaptation to a high-phosphate diet. These experiments indicate that the rapid adaptation to a high-phosphate diet involves alterations in key enzymes involved in dopamine synthesis and degradation, resulting in increased renal dopamine content and activation of the signaling cascade used by dopamine to inhibit the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Weinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA.
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25
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Khoshniat S, Bourgine A, Julien M, Weiss P, Guicheux J, Beck L. The emergence of phosphate as a specific signaling molecule in bone and other cell types in mammals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:205-18. [PMID: 20848155 PMCID: PMC11114507 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of phosphate homeostasis and skeleton mineralization have recently been made, little is known about the initial events involving the detection of changes in the phosphate serum concentrations and the subsequent downstream regulation cascade. Recent data has strengthened a long-established hypothesis that a phosphate-sensing mechanism may be present in various organs. Such a phosphate sensor would detect changes in serum or local phosphate concentration and would inform the body, the local environment, or the individual cell. This suggests that phosphate in itself could represent a signal regulating multiple factors necessary for diverse biological processes such as bone or vascular calcification. This review summarizes findings supporting the possibility that phosphate represents a signaling molecule, particularly in bone and cartilage, but also in other tissues. The involvement of various signaling pathways (ERK1/2), transcription factors (Fra-1, Runx2) and phosphate transporters (PiT1, PiT2) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Khoshniat
- Group STEP (Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology), Centre for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering (LIOAD), INSERM, U791, 44042 Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Pres UNAM, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Annabelle Bourgine
- Group STEP (Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology), Centre for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering (LIOAD), INSERM, U791, 44042 Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Pres UNAM, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Marion Julien
- Group STEP (Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology), Centre for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering (LIOAD), INSERM, U791, 44042 Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Pres UNAM, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- Group STEP (Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology), Centre for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering (LIOAD), INSERM, U791, 44042 Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Pres UNAM, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Group STEP (Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology), Centre for Osteoarticular and Dental Tissue Engineering (LIOAD), INSERM, U791, 44042 Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Pres UNAM, 44042 Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Beck
- Growth and Signalling Research Center, INSERM, U845, 75015 Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche, INSERM U845, Université Paris Descartes, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France
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26
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Abstract
Over the last decade, the regulation of phosphate (Pi) homeostasis has been under intense investigation. By utilizing modern biochemical and genetic tools, the pathophysiological mechanisms behind several known hereditary and acquired hypo- and hyperphosphatemic diseases have been clarified. The results of these efforts have opened new insights into the causes of Pi dysregulation and hereby also the physiological mechanisms determining Pi homeostasis. Although several potential Pi-regulating proteins have been discovered and investigated, current data strongly argues for fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), a hormonal factor produced in bone, as a particularly important regulator of Pi homeostasis. In this article, we review the discovery of the FGF23 protein, as well as its biochemistry, localization of production, receptor specificity and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marsell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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28
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Ohnishi R, Segawa H, Ohmoto T, Sasaki S, Hanazaki A, Mori A, Ikuta K, Furutani J, Kawakami E, Tatsumi S, Hamada Y, Miyamoto KI. <b>Effect of dietary components on renal inorganic </b><b>phosphate (Pi) excretion induced by a Pi-depleted diet</b>. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2000. [DOI: 10.2152/jmi.40.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Ohnishi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Hiroko Segawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Tomoyo Ohmoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Shohei Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Ai Hanazaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Ayaka Mori
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Kayo Ikuta
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Junya Furutani
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Eri Kawakami
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Sawako Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yasuhiro Hamada
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Ken-ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
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