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Garaulet G, Báez BB, Medrano G, Rivas-Sánchez M, Sánchez-Alonso D, Martinez-Torrecuadrada JL, Mulero F. Radioimmunotheragnosis in Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2896. [PMID: 39199666 PMCID: PMC11352548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of immunoPET-where an antibody (Ab) is labeled with an isotope for PET imaging-and radioimmunotherapy (RIT), using the same antibody with a therapeutic isotope, offers significant advantages in cancer management. ImmunoPET allows non-invasive imaging of antigen expression, which aids in patient selection for subsequent radioimmunotherapy. It also facilitates the assessment of tumor response to therapy, allowing for treatment adjustments if necessary. In addition, immunoPET provides critical pharmacokinetic data, including antibody biodistribution and clearance rates, which are essential for dosimetry calculations and treatment protocol optimization. There are still challenges to overcome. Identifying appropriate target antigens that are selectively expressed on cancer cells while minimally expressed on normal tissues remains a major hurdle to reduce off-target toxicity. In addition, it is critical to optimize the pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled antibodies to maximize tumor uptake and minimize normal tissue uptake, particularly in vital organs such as the liver and kidney. This approach offers the potential for targeted and personalized cancer therapy with reduced systemic toxicity by exploiting the specificity of monoclonal antibodies and the cytotoxic effects of radiation. However, further research is needed to address remaining challenges and to optimize these technologies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Garaulet
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Center—CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (B.B.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Bárbara Beatriz Báez
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Center—CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (B.B.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Guillermo Medrano
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Center—CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (B.B.B.); (G.M.)
| | - María Rivas-Sánchez
- Protein Production Unit, Spanish National Cancer Center—CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-S.); (D.S.-A.)
| | - David Sánchez-Alonso
- Protein Production Unit, Spanish National Cancer Center—CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-S.); (D.S.-A.)
| | | | - Francisca Mulero
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Center—CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (G.G.); (B.B.B.); (G.M.)
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Yang Y, Wang F, Han X, Xu H, Zhang Y, Xu W, Wang S, Lu L. Automatic reorientation to generate short-axis myocardial PET images. EJNMMI Phys 2024; 11:70. [PMID: 39090442 PMCID: PMC11294504 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-024-00673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurately redirecting reconstructed Positron emission tomography (PET) images into short-axis (SA) images shows great significance for subsequent clinical diagnosis. We developed a system for automatic redirection and quantitative analysis of myocardial PET images. METHODS A total of 128 patients were enrolled for 18 F-FDG PET/CT myocardial metabolic images (MMIs), including 3 image classifications: without defects, with defects, and excess uptake. The automatic reorientation system includes five modules: regional division, myocardial segmentation, ellipsoid fitting, image rotation and quantitative analysis. First, the left ventricular geometry-based canny edge detection (LVG-CED) was developed and compared with the other 5 common region segmentation algorithms, the optimized partitioning was determined based on partition success rate. Then, 9 myocardial segmentation methods and 4 ellipsoid fitting methods were combined to derive 36 cross combinations for diagnostic performance in terms of Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), Kendall correlation coefficient (KCC), Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC), and determination coefficient. Finally, the deflection angles were computed by ellipsoid fitting and the SA images were derived by affine transformation. Furthermore, the polar maps were used for quantitative analysis of SA images, and the redirection effects of 3 different image classifications were analyzed using correlation coefficients. RESULTS On the dataset, LVG-CED outperformed other methods in the regional division module with a 100% success rate. In 36 cross combinations, PSO-FCM and LLS-SVD performed the best in terms of correlation coefficient. The linear results indicate that our algorithm (LVG-CED, PSO-FCM, and LLS-SVD) has good consistency with the reference manual method. In quantitative analysis, the similarities between our method and the reference manual method were higher than 96% at 17 segments. Moreover, our method demonstrated excellent performance in all 3 image classifications. CONCLUSION Our algorithm system could realize accurate automatic reorientation and quantitative analysis of PET MMIs, which is also effective for images suffering from interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fanghu Wang
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangmei Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weiping Xu
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Xue L, Jie CVML, Desrayaud S, Auberson YP. Developing Low Molecular Weight PET and SPECT Imaging Agents. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400094. [PMID: 38634545 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) have shown their utility in many situations, answering clinical questions related to drug development and medical considerations. The discovery and development of imaging agents follow a well-understood process, with variations related to available starting points and to the envisaged imaging application. This article describes the general development path leading from the expression of an imaging need and project initiation to a clinically usable imaging agent. The definition of the project rationale, the design and optimization of early leads, and the assessment of the imaging potential of an imaging agent candidate are followed by preclinical and clinical development activities that differ from those required for therapeutic agents. These include radiolabeling with a positron emitter and first-in-human clinical studies, to rapidly evaluate the ability of a new imaging agent to address the questions it was designed to answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xue
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Caitlin V M L Jie
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Desrayaud
- Novartis Biomedical Research, In Vivo preclinical PK/ADME, Novartis campus, WSJ-352/6/73.01, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yves P Auberson
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis campus, WSJ-88.10.100, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Hitchcock CL, Chapman GJ, Mojzisik CM, Mueller JK, Martin EW. A Concept for Preoperative and Intraoperative Molecular Imaging and Detection for Assessing Extent of Disease of Solid Tumors. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1409410. [PMID: 39119243 PMCID: PMC11306801 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1409410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The authors propose a concept of "systems engineering," the approach to assessing the extent of diseased tissue (EODT) in solid tumors. We modeled the proof of this concept based on our clinical experience with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and gastrinoma that included short and long-term survival data of CRC patients. This concept, applicable to various solid tumors, combines resources from surgery, nuclear medicine, radiology, pathology, and oncology needed for preoperative and intraoperative assessments of a patient's EODT. The concept begins with a patient presenting with biopsy-proven cancer. An appropriate preferential locator (PL) is a molecule that preferentially binds to a cancer-related molecular target (i.e., tumor marker) lacking in non-malignant tissue and is the essential element. Detecting the PL after an intravenous injection requires the PL labeling with an appropriate tracer radionuclide, a fluoroprobe, or both. Preoperative imaging of the tracer's signal requires molecular imaging modalities alone or in combination with computerized tomography (CT). These include positron emission tomography (PET), PET/CT, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), SPECT/CT for preoperative imaging, gamma cameras for intraoperative imaging, and gamma-detecting probes for precise localization. Similarly, fluorescent-labeled PLs require appropriate cameras and probes. This approach provides the surgeon with real-time information needed for R0 resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L. Hitchcock
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Actis Medical, LLC, Powell, OH, United States
| | - Gregg J. Chapman
- Actis Medical, LLC, Powell, OH, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | | | - Edward W. Martin
- Actis Medical, LLC, Powell, OH, United States
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Ferrari G, Lopez-Martinez I, Wanek T, Kuntner C, Montagner D. Recent Advances on Pt-Based Compounds for Theranostic Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:3453. [PMID: 39124859 PMCID: PMC11313463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of cisplatin's antitumoral activity and its approval as an anticancer drug, significant efforts have been made to enhance its physiological stability and anticancer efficacy and to reduce its side effects. With the rapid development of targeted and personalized therapies, and the promising theranostic approach, platinum drugs have found new opportunities in more sophisticated systems. Theranostic agents combine diagnostic and therapeutic moieties in one scaffold, enabling simultaneous disease monitoring, therapy delivery, response tracking, and treatment efficacy evaluation. In these systems, the platinum core serves as the therapeutic agent, while the functionalized ligand provides diagnostic tools using various imaging techniques. This review aims to highlight the significant role of platinum-based complexes in theranostic applications, and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first focused contribution on this type of platinum compounds. This review presents a brief introduction to the development of platinum chemotherapeutic drugs, their limitations, and resistance mechanisms. It then describes recent advancements in integrating platinum complexes with diagnostic agents for both tumor treatment and monitoring. The main body is organized into three categories based on imaging techniques: fluorescence, positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, this review outlines promising strategies and future perspectives in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Ines Lopez-Martinez
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image–Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image–Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.W.); (C.K.)
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image–Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.W.); (C.K.)
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Preclinical Imaging Lab (PIL), Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image–Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.W.); (C.K.)
- Medical Imaging Cluster (MIC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Diego Montagner
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Londsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Ireland
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Lin M, Pham CD, Ta RT, Manning HC. cGMP compliant one-step, one-pot automated [ 18F]FBnTP production for clinical imaging of mitochondrial activity. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:51. [PMID: 38935218 PMCID: PMC11211300 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4-[18F]fluorobenzyl-triphenylphosphonium ([18F]FBnTP) is a lipophilic cation PET tracer. The cellular uptake of [18F]FBnTP is correlated with oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria, which has been associated with multiple critical diseases. To date, [18F]FBnTP has been successfully applied for imaging myocardial perfusion, assessment of severity of coronary artery stenosis, delineation of the ischemic area after transient coronary occlusion, and detection/quantification of apoptosis in various animal models. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have also expanded the possibilities of using [18F]FBnTP in oncological diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. However, [18F]FBnTP is typically prepared through a tediously lengthy four-step, three-pot reaction and required multiple synthesizer modules; Thus, such an approach remains a challenge for this promising radiopharmaceutical to be implemented for routine clinical studies. Herein, we report an optimized one-step, one-pot automated approach to produce [18F]FBnTP through a single standard commercially-available radiosynthesizer that enables centralized production for clinical use. RESULTS The fully automated production of [18F]FBnTP took less than 55 min with radiochemical yields ranging from 28.33 ± 13.92% (non-decay corrected), apparent molar activity of 69.23 ± 45.62 GBq/µmol, and radiochemical purities of 99.79 ± 0.41%. The formulated [18F]FBnTP solution was determined to be sterile and colorless with a pH of 4.0-6.0. Our data has indicated no observable radiolysis after 8 h from the time of final product formulation and maximum assay of 7.88 GBq. CONCLUSIONS A simplified and cGMP-compliant radiosynthesis of [18F]FBnTP has been established on the commercially available synthesizer in high activity concentration and radiochemical purity. While the preclinical and clinical studies using [18F]FBnTP PET are currently underway, the automated approaches reported herein facilitate clinical adoption of this radiotracer and warrant centralized production of [18F]FBnTP for imaging multiple patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Lin
- Cyclotron Radiochemistry Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Cong-Dat Pham
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert T Ta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - H Charles Manning
- Cyclotron Radiochemistry Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Eissler N, Altena R, Alhuseinalkhudhur A, Bragina O, Feldwisch J, Wuerth G, Loftenius A, Brun N, Axelsson R, Tolmachev V, Sörensen J, Frejd FY. Affibody PET Imaging of HER2-Expressing Cancers as a Key to Guide HER2-Targeted Therapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1088. [PMID: 38791050 PMCID: PMC11118066 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a major prognostic and predictive marker overexpressed in 15-20% of breast cancers. The diagnostic reference standard for selecting patients for HER2-targeted therapy is based on the analysis of tumor biopsies. Previously patients were defined as HER2-positive or -negative; however, with the approval of novel treatment options, specifically the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan, many breast cancer patients with tumors expressing low levels of HER2 have become eligible for HER2-targeted therapy. Such patients will need to be reliably identified by suitable diagnostic methods. Biopsy-based diagnostics are invasive, and repeat biopsies are not always feasible. They cannot visualize the heterogeneity of HER2 expression, leading to a substantial number of misdiagnosed patients. An alternative and highly accurate diagnostic method is molecular imaging with radiotracers. In the case of HER2, various studies demonstrate the clinical utility and feasibility of such approaches. Radiotracers based on Affibody® molecules, small, engineered affinity proteins with a size of ~6.5 kDa, are clinically validated molecules with favorable characteristics for imaging. In this article, we summarize the HER2-targeted therapeutic landscape, describe our experience with imaging diagnostics for HER2, and review the currently available clinical data on HER2-Affibody-based molecular imaging as a novel diagnostic tool in breast cancer and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renske Altena
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Solna, Sweden
- Medical Unit Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Theme Cancer, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Solna, Sweden
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Functional Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ali Alhuseinalkhudhur
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75310 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75310 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Bragina
- Department of Nuclear Therapy and Diagnostic, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Rimma Axelsson
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Functional Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75310 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Sörensen
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75310 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Y. Frejd
- Affibody AB, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75310 Uppsala, Sweden
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Kolade OU, Brink A, Ayeni AO, More S, Holness J. Optimizing PSMA scintigraphy for resource limited settings - a retrospective comparative study. Cancer Imaging 2024; 24:46. [PMID: 38556864 PMCID: PMC10983723 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-024-00693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PSMA PET/CT is the most sensitive molecular imaging modality for prostate cancer (PCa), yet much of the developing world has little or no access to PET/CT. [99mTc]Tc-PSMA scintigraphy (PS) is a cheaper and more accessible gamma camera-based alternative. However, many resource-constrained departments have only a single camera without tomographic or hybrid imaging functionality, and camera time is frequently in high demand. Simplifying imaging protocols by limiting the field of view (FOV) and omitting SPECT/CT or even SPECT may provide a partial solution. The aim was thus to determine the adequacy of PS planar-only and/or SPECT-only imaging protocols with a limited FOV. METHODS The scans of 95 patients with histologically proven PCa who underwent PS with full-body planar and multi-FOV SPECT/CT were reviewed. The detection rates for uptake in the prostate gland/bed and in metastases were compared on planar, SPECT, and SPECT/CT. The agreement between modalities was calculated for the detection of metastases and for staging. The impact of imaging a limited FOV was determined. RESULTS Pathological prostatic uptake was seen in all cases on SPECT/CT (excluding two post-prostatectomy patients), 90.3% of cases on SPECT, and 15.1% on planar images (p < 0.001). Eleven (11.7%) patients had seminal vesicle involvement on SPECT/CT, which was undetectable/indistinguishable on planar images and SPECT. The agreement between modalities was moderate to good (κ = 0.41 to 0.61) for the detection of nodal metastases, with detection rates that did not differ significantly (SPECT/CT = 11.6%, SPECT = 8.4%, planar = 5.3%). Detection rates for bone metastases were 14.7% (SPECT/CT) and 11.6% (SPECT and planar). Agreement between modalities for the detection of bone metastases was good (κ = 0.73 to 0.77). Three (3.1%) patients had visceral metastases on SPECT/CT, two of which were detected on SPECT and planar. There was good agreement between modalities for the TNM staging of patients (κ = 0.70 to 0.88). No metastatic lesions were missed on the limited FOV images. CONCLUSION When PS scintigraphy is performed, SPECT/CT is recommended. However, the lack of SPECT/CT capabilities should not preclude the use of PS in the presence of limited resources, as both planar and SPECT imaging are adequate and will correctly stage most PCa patients. Furthermore, time-based optimisations are achievable by limiting the FOV to exclude the distal lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayowa U Kolade
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Anita Brink
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Akinwale O Ayeni
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klerksdorp/Tshepong Hospital Complex, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stuart More
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Holness
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Azimi MS, Kamali-Asl A, Ay MR, Zeraatkar N, Hosseini MS, Sanaat A, Dadgar H, Arabi H. Deep learning-based partial volume correction in standard and low-dose positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:2146-2164. [PMID: 38545051 PMCID: PMC10963814 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging encounters the obstacle of partial volume effects, arising from its limited intrinsic resolution, giving rise to (I) considerable bias, particularly for structures comparable in size to the point spread function (PSF) of the system; and (II) blurred image edges and blending of textures along the borders. We set out to build a deep learning-based framework for predicting partial volume corrected full-dose (FD + PVC) images from either standard or low-dose (LD) PET images without requiring any anatomical data in order to provide a joint solution for partial volume correction and de-noise LD PET images. METHODS We trained a modified encoder-decoder U-Net network with standard of care or LD PET images as the input and FD + PVC images by six different PVC methods as the target. These six PVC approaches include geometric transfer matrix (GTM), multi-target correction (MTC), region-based voxel-wise correction (RBV), iterative Yang (IY), reblurred Van-Cittert (RVC), and Richardson-Lucy (RL). The proposed models were evaluated using standard criteria, such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), root mean squared error (RMSE), structural similarity index (SSIM), relative bias, and absolute relative bias. RESULTS Different levels of error were observed for these partial volume correction methods, which were relatively smaller for GTM with a SSIM of 0.63 for LD and 0.29 for FD, IY with an SSIM of 0.63 for LD and 0.67 for FD, RBV with an SSIM of 0.57 for LD and 0.65 for FD, and RVC with an SSIM of 0.89 for LD and 0.94 for FD PVC approaches. However, large quantitative errors were observed for multi-target MTC with an RMSE of 2.71 for LD and 2.45 for FD and RL with an RMSE of 5 for LD and 3.27 for FD PVC approaches. CONCLUSIONS We found that the proposed framework could effectively perform joint de-noising and partial volume correction for PET images with LD and FD input PET data (LD vs. FD). When no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images are available, the developed deep learning models could be used for partial volume correction on LD or standard PET-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans as an image quality enhancement technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Saber Azimi
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging (RCMCI), Advanced Medical Technologies and Equipment Institute (AMTEI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Kamali-Asl
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Ay
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging (RCMCI), Advanced Medical Technologies and Equipment Institute (AMTEI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Amirhossein Sanaat
- Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Habibollah Dadgar
- Cancer Research Center, Razavi Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Arabi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Cieslik PA, Klingler S, Nolff M, Holland JP. Radiolabelled 177 Lu-Bispidine-Trastuzumab for Targeting Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Positive Cancers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303805. [PMID: 38064536 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a promising alternative to conventional treatment options. Here, we present experimental work on the synthesis, radiochemistry, and in vivo performance of a lanthanoid-selective nonadentate bispidine ligand suitable for 177 Lu3+ ion complexation. The ligand (bisp,1) was derivatised with a photoactivatable aryl azide (ArN3 ) group as a bioconjugation handle for light-induced labelling of proteins. Quantitative radiosynthesis of [177 Lu]Lu-1+ was accomplished in 10 minutes at 40 °C. Subsequent incubation of [177 Lu]Lu-1+ with trastuzumab, followed by irradiation with light at 365 nm for 15 min, at room temperature and pH 8.0-8.3, gave the radiolabelled mAb, [177 Lu]Lu-1-azepin-trastuzumab ([177 Lu]Lu-1-mAb) in a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 14 %, and radiochemical purity (RCP)>90 %. Stability studies and cellular binding assays in vitro using the SK-OV-3 human ovarian cancer cells confirmed that [177 Lu]Lu-1-mAb remained biological active and displayed specific binding to HER2/neu. Experiments in immunocompromised female athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous xenograft models of SK-OV-3 tumours revealed significantly higher tumour uptake in the normal group compared with the control block group (29.8±11.4 %ID g-1 vs. 14.8±6.1 %ID g-1 , respectively; P-value=0.037). The data indicate that bispidine-based ligand systems are suitable starting points for constructing novel, high-denticity chelators for specific complexation of larger radiotheranostic metal ion nuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Cieslik
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Klingler
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirja Nolff
- Klinik für Kleintierchirurgie, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, University of Zurich, Wintherturerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason P Holland
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Bhattacharya K, Rastogi S, Mahajan A. Post-treatment imaging of gliomas: challenging the existing dogmas. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e376-e392. [PMID: 38123395 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the commonest malignant central nervous system tumours in adults and imaging is the cornerstone of diagnosis, treatment, and post-treatment follow-up of these patients. With the ever-evolving treatment strategies post-treatment imaging and interpretation in glioma remains challenging, more so with the advent of anti-angiogenic drugs and immunotherapy, which can significantly alter the appearance in this setting, thus making interpretation of routine imaging findings such as contrast enhancement, oedema, and mass effect difficult to interpret. This review details the various methods of management of glioma including the upcoming novel therapies and their impact on imaging findings, with a comprehensive description of the imaging findings in conventional and advanced imaging techniques. A systematic appraisal for the existing and emerging techniques of imaging in these settings and their clinical application including various response assessment guidelines and artificial intelligence based response assessment will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bhattacharya
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Rastogi
- Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Mahajan
- Department of imaging, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, NHS Foundation Trust, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L7 8YA, UK; University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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12
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Leder T, Kühnel C, Gröber S, Drescher R, Freesmeyer M. 68 Ga-Oxine-Labeled Erythrocytes as a New PET Tracer for the Localization of Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:280-282. [PMID: 38109049 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 69-year-old man presented with recurring drops in hemoglobin levels and suspected gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy did not show a site of bleeding so further examinations became necessary. Scintigraphy and SPECT/CT with 99m TcO 4- -labeled red blood cells were performed without evidence of a hemorrhage. Based on an established protocol for splenic PET/CT, autologous erythrocytes can be labeled with 68 Ga-oxine and used as a tracer for the localization of active bleeding sites. In the patient, PET/CT with 68 Ga-oxine-labeled undamaged erythrocytes was performed successfully and revealed a hemorrhage of the gastric corpus that was confirmed and treated by endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Leder
- From the Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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13
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Reinert CP, Pfannenberg C, Gückel B, Dittmann H, la Fougère C, Nikolaou K, Reinert S, Schönhof R, Hoefert S. Preoperative Assessment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Using [18F]fluoride Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI in Correlation with Histomorphometry and Micro-CT-A Prospective Comparative Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:428. [PMID: 38396467 PMCID: PMC10888075 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the imaging characteristics of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) using [18F]fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative assessment and to correlate them with microarchitectural and histomorphometric data with respect to clinical findings. METHODS Twelve patients (five female; mean age 75 ± 7.6 yr) with symptomatic MRONJ underwent both scans on the same day, and imaging findings were used to plan surgical interventions for seven patients. Bone tracer uptake was classified as high, medium, or low, and surgical samples were evaluated using Micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS CT showed medullary sclerosis in all patients, and MRI revealed gadolinium enhancement in four patients. PET imaging revealed remarkably elevated [18F]fluoride uptake and moderately increased [18F]FDG uptake in MRONJ compared to healthy jawbones, with both differences being statistically significant. [18F]fluoride uptake was associated with necrosis, bacteria, and inflammatory tissue. Micro-CT data did not show significant differences, but histomorphometric analysis revealed higher osteocyte and lacunae densities in the high [18F]fluoride uptake group, and more necrotic bone in the medium [18F]fluoride uptake group. Bacteria were observed in all areas. CONCLUSIONS In summary, [18F]fluoride PET accurately identified MRONJ extent, revealing functional changes in jawbone remodeling not visible on CT. [18F]FDG PET showed differences in bone and soft tissue, though less pronounced. This method aids in evaluating disease activity and guiding treatment planning, requiring further research for optimal surgical approaches based on tracer uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Philipp Reinert
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.P.); (B.G.); (K.N.)
| | - Christina Pfannenberg
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.P.); (B.G.); (K.N.)
| | - Brigitte Gückel
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.P.); (B.G.); (K.N.)
| | - Helmut Dittmann
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (H.D.); (C.l.F.)
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (H.D.); (C.l.F.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor, Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.P.); (B.G.); (K.N.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor, Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Siegmar Reinert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (R.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Rouven Schönhof
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (R.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Sebastian Hoefert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (R.S.); (S.H.)
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14
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Chakraborty S, Chatterjee S, Chakravarty R, Sarma HD, Nanabala R, Goswami D, Joy A, Pillai MRA. Synthesis, Quality Control, and Bench-to-Bed Translation of a New [ 68Ga]Ga-Labeled NOTA-Conjugated Bisphosphonate for Imaging Skeletal Metastases by Positron Emission Tomography. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2024; 39:92-101. [PMID: 38335449 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2023.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Early detection of skeletal metastasis is of great interest to determine the prognosis of cancer. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging provides a better temporal and spectral resolution than single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging, and hence is more suitable to detect small metastatic lesions. Although [18F]NaF has been approved by U.S. FDA for a similar purpose, requirement of a medical cyclotron for its regular formulation restricts its extensive utilization. Efforts have been made to find suitable alternative molecules that can be labeled with 68Ga and used in PET-CT imaging. Objective: The main objective of this study is to synthesize and evaluate a new [68Ga]Ga-labeled NOTA-conjugated geminal bisphosphonate for its potential use in early detection of skeletal metastases using PET-CT. Methods: The authors performed a multistep synthesis of a new NOTA-conjugated bisphosphonic acid using thiourea linker and radiolabeled the molecule with 68Ga. The radiolabeled formulation was evaluated for its in vitro stability, affinity for hydroxyapatite (HA) particles, preclinical biodistribution in animal models, and PET-CT imaging in patients. Results: The bifunctional chelator (NOTA)-conjugated bisphosphonate was synthesized with 97.8% purity and radiolabeled with 68Ga in high yield (>98%). The radiolabeled formulation was found to retain its stability in vitro to the extent of >95% up to 4 h in physiological saline and human serum. The formulation also showed high affinity for HA particles in vitro with Kd = 907 ± 14 mL/g. Preclinical biodistribution studies in normal Wistar rats demonstrated rapid and almost exclusive skeletal accumulation of the complex. PET-CT imaging in a patient confirmed its ability to detect small metastatic skeletal lesions. Conclusions: The newly synthesized [68Ga]Ga-labeled NOTA-conjugated bisphosphonate is a promising radiotracer for PET-CT imaging for skeletal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Sucheta Chatterjee
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Bio Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Haldhar D Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | | | - Dibakar Goswami
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
- Bio Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
| | - Ajith Joy
- Molecular Group of Companies, Ernakulam, India
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Ghosh S, Lee SJ, Hsu JC, Chakraborty S, Chakravarty R, Cai W. Cancer Brachytherapy at the Nanoscale: An Emerging Paradigm. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2024; 2:4-26. [PMID: 38274040 PMCID: PMC10806911 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Brachytherapy is an established treatment modality that has been globally utilized for the therapy of malignant solid tumors. However, classic therapeutic sealed sources used in brachytherapy must be surgically implanted directly into the tumor site and removed after the requisite period of treatment. In order to avoid the trauma involved in the surgical procedures and prevent undesirable radioactive distribution at the cancerous site, well-dispersed radiolabeled nanomaterials are now being explored for brachytherapy applications. This emerging field has been coined "nanoscale brachytherapy". Despite present-day advancements, an ongoing challenge is obtaining an advanced, functional nanomaterial that concurrently incorporates features of high radiolabeling yield, short labeling time, good radiolabeling stability, and long tumor retention time without leakage of radioactivity to the nontargeted organs. Further, attachment of suitable targeting ligands to the nanoplatforms would widen the nanoscale brachytherapy approach to tumors expressing various phenotypes. Molecular imaging using radiolabeled nanoplatforms enables noninvasive visualization of cellular functions and biological processes in vivo. In vivo imaging also aids in visualizing the localization and retention of the radiolabeled nanoplatforms at the tumor site for the requisite time period to render safe and effective therapy. Herein, we review the advancements over the last several years in the synthesis and use of functionalized radiolabeled nanoplatforms as a noninvasive substitute to standard brachytherapy sources. The limitations of present-day brachytherapy sealed sources are analyzed, while highlighting the advantages of using radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs) for this purpose. The recent progress in the development of different radiolabeling methods, delivery techniques and nanoparticle internalization mechanisms are discussed. The preclinical studies performed to date are summarized with an emphasis on the current challenges toward the future translation of nanoscale brachytherapy in routine clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Ghosh
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sophia J. Lee
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jessica C. Hsu
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Astrelina TA, Brunchukov VA, Kodina GE, Bubenshchikov VB, Larenkov AA, Lunev AS, Petrosova KA, Rastorgueva AA, Kobzeva IV, Usupzhanova DY, Nikitina VA, Malsagova KA, Kulikova LI, Samoilov AS, Pustovoyt VI. Biodistribution of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Labeled with [ 89Zr]Zr-Oxine in Local Radiation Injuries in Laboratory Animals. Molecules 2023; 28:7169. [PMID: 37894647 PMCID: PMC10609482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracking the migration pathways of living cells after their introduction into a patient's body is a topical issue in the field of cell therapy. Questions related to studying the possibility of long-term intravital biodistribution of mesenchymal stromal cells in the body currently remain open. METHODS Forty-nine laboratory animals were used in the study. Modeling of local radiation injuries was carried out, and the dynamics of the distribution of mesenchymal stromal cells labeled with [89Zr]Zr-oxine in the rat body were studied. RESULTS the obtained results of the labelled cell distribution allow us to assume that this procedure could be useful for visualization of local radiation injury using positron emission tomography. However, further research is needed to confirm this assumption. CONCLUSIONS intravenous injection leads to the initial accumulation of cells in the lungs and their subsequent redistribution to the liver, spleen, and kidneys. When locally injected into tissues, mesenchymal stromal cells are not distributed systemically in significant quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Astrelina
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Vitaliy A. Brunchukov
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Galina E. Kodina
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Viktor B. Bubenshchikov
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Anton A. Larenkov
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Aleksandr S. Lunev
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Kristina A. Petrosova
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Anna A. Rastorgueva
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Irina V. Kobzeva
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Daria Y. Usupzhanova
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Victoria A. Nikitina
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | | | - Ludmila I. Kulikova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Biobanking Group, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS—The Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Samoilov
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Vasiliy I. Pustovoyt
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (G.E.K.); (V.B.B.); (A.A.L.); (A.S.L.); (K.A.P.); (A.A.R.); (I.V.K.); (D.Y.U.); (V.A.N.); (A.S.S.); (V.I.P.)
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Sharma S, Pandey MK. Radiometals in Imaging and Therapy: Highlighting Two Decades of Research. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1460. [PMID: 37895931 PMCID: PMC10610335 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article highlights the important progress made in the last two decades in the fields of molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Advancements in radiometal-based positron emission tomography, single photon emission computerized tomography, and radionuclide therapy are illustrated in terms of their production routes and ease of radiolabeling. Applications in clinical diagnostic and radionuclide therapy are considered, including human studies under clinical trials; their current stages of clinical translations and findings are summarized. Because the metalloid astatine is used for imaging and radionuclide therapy, it is included in this review. In regard to radionuclide therapy, both beta-minus (β-) and alpha (α)-emitting radionuclides are discussed by highlighting their production routes, targeted radiopharmaceuticals, and current clinical translation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mukesh K. Pandey
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
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18
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Arabi Z, Tawhari MH, Al Rajih HS, Youssouf TM, Abdulgadir MY. Findings of Cardiovascular Workup of Kidney Transplant Candidates: A Retrospective Study of a Single-Center in Saudi Arabia. Int J Nephrol 2023; 2023:4653069. [PMID: 37854308 PMCID: PMC10581843 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4653069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited data about the prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and the findings of CV workup among kidney transplant (KTx) recipients (KTRs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods A single-center retrospective study of KTRs who underwent KTx from 2017 to 2020 was performed. We reviewed the prevalence of CV risk factors and the results of the pre-KTx CV workup which was derived from the American Heart Association guidelines. Results We included 254 KTRs. The mean age was 43.1 ± 15.9 years, and 55.5% were men and 79.5% were living-donor KTRs. Pre-emptive KTx was 9.8%, peritoneal dialysis was 11.8%, and hemodialysis was 78.3% (arteriovenous fistula: 33.1% versus hemodialysis catheter: 66.9%). The mean dialysis vintage was 4.8 ± 3.3 years for deceased-donor KTRs versus 2.4 ± 2.6 years for living-donor KTRs. CV risk factors were hypertension: 76%, diabetes: 40.6% (type 1 : 25.2% versus type 2 : 74.7%), hyperlipidemia (low-density lipoprotein >2.6 mmol/L): 40.2%, coronary artery disease (CAD): 12.6%, smoking: 9.1%, peripheral vascular disease: 2.8%, and cerebral vascular disease: 2.4%. The prevalence of obesity stage 1 was 19.7% and obesity stage 2 was 4%. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 38.5%. The ejection fraction was abnormal (<55%) in 22%. Abnormal wall motion was present in 34 patients (13.4%). A cardiac (PET-CT) stress test was conducted on 129 patients (50.8%) which showed abnormal perfusion in 37 patients (28.7%). Out of those who required PET-CT, 18.6% had a coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) of more than 400, 41.8% had a CACS of zero, 29.4% had a CACS of 1-100, and 14.7% had a CACS of 100-400. Coronary angiogram was required in only 41 patients (16.1%), 12 (29.3%) required coronary interventions, 25 (61%) were treated medically, and 4 (9.8%) did not have any CAD. CT scans of pelvic arteries were performed in 118 patients (46.5%). It showed moderate or severe calcifications in only 7 patients (5.9%), whereas it was normal in 97 patients (82.2%), or it showed only mild calcifications in 14 patients (11.9%). Conclusion This study outlines the prevalence of CV risk factors and the findings of the pretransplant CV workup among KTx candidates who underwent KTx. Multicenter national studies will be helpful to validate the generalizability of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Arabi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Tawhari
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen S. Al Rajih
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha M. Youssouf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Y. Abdulgadir
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao Y, Li S, He X, Yu J, Zhang L, Zhang H, Wei D, Wang B, Li J, Guo H, He X. Liver injury monitoring using dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography based on a time-energy difference strategy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5298-5315. [PMID: 37854546 PMCID: PMC10581805 DOI: 10.1364/boe.498092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography (DFMT) is a promising molecular imaging technique that offers the potential to monitor fast kinetic behaviors within small animals in three dimensions. Early monitoring of liver disease requires the ability to distinguish and analyze normal and injured liver tissues. However, the inherent ill-posed nature of the problem and energy signal interference between the normal and injured liver regions limit the practical application of liver injury monitoring. In this study, we propose a novel strategy based on time and energy, leveraging the temporal correlation in fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) sequences and the metabolic differences between normal and injured liver tissue. Additionally, considering fluorescence signal distribution disparity between the injured and normal regions, we designed a universal Golden Ratio Primal-Dual Algorithm (GRPDA) to reconstruct both the normal and injured liver regions. Numerical simulation and in vivo experiment results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can effectively avoid signal interference between liver and liver injury energy and lead to significant improvements in morphology recovery and positioning accuracy compared to existing approaches. Our research presents a new perspective on distinguishing normal and injured liver tissues for early liver injury monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Zhao
- The Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Shuangchen Li
- The Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xuelei He
- The Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- The Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- The Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - De Wei
- The Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- The Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jintao Li
- The Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- The Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xiaowei He
- The Xi'an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
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20
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Oroujeni M, Bezverkhniaia EA, Xu T, Liu Y, Plotnikov EV, Klint S, Ryer E, Karlberg I, Orlova A, Frejd FY, Tolmachev V. Evaluation of affinity matured Affibody molecules for imaging of the immune checkpoint protein B7-H3. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 124-125:108384. [PMID: 37699299 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
B7-H3 (CD276), an immune checkpoint protein, is a promising molecular target for immune therapy of malignant tumours. Sufficient B7-H3 expression level is a precondition for successful therapy. Radionuclide molecular imaging is a powerful technique for visualization of expression levels of molecular targets in vivo. Use of small radiolabelled targeting proteins would enable high-contrast radionuclide imaging of molecular targets if adequate binding affinity and specificity of an imaging probe could be provided. Affibody molecules, small engineered affinity proteins based on a non-immunoglobulin scaffold, have demonstrated an appreciable potential in radionuclide imaging. Proof-of principle of radionuclide visualization of expression levels of B7-H3 in vivo was demonstrated using the [99mTc]Tc-AC12-GGGC Affibody molecule. We performed an affinity maturation of AC12, enabling selection of clones with higher affinity. Three most promising clones were expressed with a -GGGC (triglycine-cysteine) chelating sequence at the C-terminus and labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc). 99mTc-labelled conjugates bound to B7-H3-expressing cells specifically in vitro and in vivo. Biodistribution in mice bearing B7-H3-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts demonstrated improved imaging properties of the new conjugates compared with the parental variant [99mTc]Tc-AC12-GGGC. [99mTc]Tc-SYNT-179 provided the strongest improvement of tumour-to-organ ratios. Thus, affinity maturation of B7-H3 Affibody molecules could improve biodistribution and targeting properties for imaging of B7-H3-expressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Oroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Affibody AB, 171 65 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Ekaterina A Bezverkhniaia
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; Scientific and Research Laboratory of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evgenii V Plotnikov
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Eva Ryer
- Affibody AB, 171 65 Solna, Sweden.
| | | | - Anna Orlova
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Y Frejd
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Affibody AB, 171 65 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
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Friberger I, Nilsson JN, Lu L, Siikanen J, Ardenfors O, Milton S, Samén E, Goos JACM, Carlsten M, Holmin S, Tran TA. Comparative in vivo biodistribution of cells labelled with [ 89Zr]Zr-(oxinate) 4 or [ 89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS using PET. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:73. [PMID: 37552341 PMCID: PMC10409919 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo monitoring of cell biodistribution using positron emission tomography (PET) provides a quantitative non-invasive method to further optimize cell therapies and related new developments in the field. Our group has earlier optimized and evaluated the in vitro properties of two radiotracers,[89Zr]Zr-(oxinate)4 and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS, for the radiolabelling of different cell types. Here, we performed a microPET study to assess the in vivo biodistribution of cells in rats using these two radiotracers. Human decidual stromal cells (hDSC) and rat macrophages (rMac) were radiolabelled with [89Zr]Zr-(oxinate)4 or [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS. Rats were intravenously injected with radiolabelled cells, and the in vivo biodistribution was monitored with microPET/CT imaging for up to day 7. Organ uptake was evaluated and presented as a percentage of injected activity per gram tissue (%IA/g) and total absorbed organ doses (mSv/MBq). RESULTS The biodistribution in vivo showed an immediate uptake in the lungs. Thereafter, [89Zr]Zr-(oxinate)4 labelled cells migrated to the liver, while the signal from [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS labelled cells lingered in the lungs. The differences in the in vivo behaviour for the same cell type appeared related to the radiotracer labelling. After 24 h, [89Zr]Zr-(oxinate)4 labelled cells had over 70% higher liver uptake for both hDSC and rMac compared to [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS labelled cells, whereas [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS labelled cells showed over 60% higher uptake in the lungs compared to [89Zr]Zr-(oxinate)4 labelled cells. This difference in both lung and liver uptake continued until day 7. Dosimetry calculations showed a higher effective dose (mSv/MBq) for [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS compared to [89Zr]Zr-(oxinate)4, for both cell types. Although the bone uptake was higher for [89Zr]Zr-(oxinate)4 labelled cells, the prolonged uptake in the lungs contributed to a significant crossfire to bone marrow resulting in a higher bone dose. CONCLUSION The [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS labelled cells suggest a prolonged accumulation in the lungs, while [89Zr]Zr-(oxinate)4 suggests quicker clearance of the lungs followed by accumulation in the liver. Accumulation of radiolabelled cells in the liver corresponds to other cell-tracking methods. Further studies are required to determine the actual location of the [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS labelled cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Friberger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joachim N Nilsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Siikanen
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Ardenfors
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Milton
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Samén
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeroen A C M Goos
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Banerjee A, Lino M, Jesus C, Ribeiro Q, Abrunhosa A, Ferreira L. Imaging platforms to dissect the in vivo communication, biodistribution and controlled release of extracellular vesicles. J Control Release 2023; 360:549-563. [PMID: 37406818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) work as communication vehicles, allowing the exchange of bioactive molecules (microRNAs, mRNAs, proteins, etc) between neighbouring and distant cells in the organism. EVs are thus important players in several physiological and pathological processes. Thus, it is critical to understand their role in cellular/organ communication to fully evaluate their biological, diagnosis and therapeutic potential. In addition, recent studies have explored the controlled release of EVs for regenerative medicine applications and thus the evaluation of their release profile is important to correlate with biological activity. Here, we give a brief introduction about EV imaging platforms in terms of their sensitivity, penetration depth, cost, and operational simplicity, followed by a discussion of different EV labelling processes with their advantages and limitations. Next, we cover the relevance of these imaging platforms to dissect the tropism and biological role of endogenous EVs. We also cover the relevance of imaging platforms to monitor the accumulation of exogenous EVs and their potential cellular targets. Finally, we highlight the importance of imaging platforms to investigate the release profile of EVs from different controlled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Banerjee
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Lino
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Jesus
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Quélia Ribeiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero Abrunhosa
- ICNAS/CIBIT - Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health/Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Mulgaonkar A, Udayakumar D, Yang Y, Harris S, Öz OK, Ramakrishnan Geethakumari P, Sun X. Current and potential roles of immuno-PET/-SPECT in CAR T-cell therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1199146. [PMID: 37441689 PMCID: PMC10333708 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1199146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have evolved as breakthrough treatment options for the management of hematological malignancies and are also being developed as therapeutics for solid tumors. However, despite the impressive patient responses from CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapies, ~ 40%-60% of these patients' cancers eventually relapse, with variable prognosis. Such relapses may occur due to a combination of molecular resistance mechanisms, including antigen loss or mutations, T-cell exhaustion, and progression of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This class of therapeutics is also associated with certain unique toxicities, such as cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and other "on-target, off-tumor" toxicities, as well as anaphylactic effects. Furthermore, manufacturing limitations and challenges associated with solid tumor infiltration have delayed extensive applications. The molecular imaging modalities of immunological positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography (immuno-PET/-SPECT) offer a target-specific and highly sensitive, quantitative, non-invasive platform for longitudinal detection of dynamic variations in target antigen expression in the body. Leveraging these imaging strategies as guidance tools for use with CAR T-cell therapies may enable the timely identification of resistance mechanisms and/or toxic events when they occur, permitting effective therapeutic interventions. In addition, the utilization of these approaches in tracking the CAR T-cell pharmacokinetics during product development and optimization may help to assess their efficacy and accordingly to predict treatment outcomes. In this review, we focus on current challenges and potential opportunities in the application of immuno-PET/-SPECT imaging strategies to address the challenges encountered with CAR T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mulgaonkar
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Durga Udayakumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yaxing Yang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shelby Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Orhan K. Öz
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Praveen Ramakrishnan Geethakumari
- Section of Hematologic Malignancies/Transplant and Cell Therapy, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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24
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Arabi Z, Tawhari MH, Rajih HSA, Youssouf TM, Abdulgadir MY. Findings of Cardiovascular Workup of Kidney Transplant Candidates: A Retrospective Study of a Single-Center in Saudi Arabia.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3030184/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: There are limited data about the prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and the findings of CV workup among kidney transplant (KTx) recipients (KTRs) in Saudi Arabia.
Method: A single-center retrospective study of KTRs who underwent KTx from 2017 to 2020. We reviewed the prevalence of CV risk factors and the results of the pre-KTx CV workup which was derived from the American Heart Association guidelines.
Results: We included 254 KTRs. The mean age was 43.1±15.9 years, 55.5% were men and 79.5% were living-donor KTRs. Pre-emptive KTx was 9.8%, peritoneal dialysis: 11.8% and hemodialysis: 78.3% (arteriovenous fistula: 33.1% versus hemodialysis catheter: 66.9%). Mean dialysis vintage was 4.8±3.3 years for deceased-donor KTRs versus 2.4±2.6 years for living-donor KTRs.
CV risk factors were hypertension: 76%, diabetes: 40.6% (type 1: 25.2% versus type 2: 74.7%), hyperlipemia (low-density lipoprotein> 2.6 mmol/L): 40.2%, coronary artery disease (CAD): 12.6%, smoking: 9.1%, peripheral vascular disease: 2.8%, and cerebral vascular disease: 2.4%. The prevalence of obesity stage 1 was 19.7% and obesity stage 2 was 4%.
Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 38.5%. Ejection fraction was abnormal (<55%) in 22%. Abnormal wall motion was present in 34 patients (13.4%). Cardiac (PET-CT) stress test was indicated in 129 patients (50.8%) and showed abnormal perfusion in 37 patients (28.7%). Out of those who required PET-CT, 18.6% had coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) more than 400, 41.8 had CACS of zero, 29.4% had CACS of 1-100, and 14.7% had CACS of 100-400.
Coronary angiogram was required in only 41 patients (16.1%), 12 (29.3%) required coronary interventions, 25 (61%) were treated medically, and 4 (9.8%) did not have any CAD.
CT scans of pelvic arteries were performed in 118 patients (46.5%). It showed moderate or severe calcifications in only 7 patients (5.9%), whereas it was normal in 97 patients (82.2%), or it showed only mild calcifications in 14 patients (11.9%).
Conclusion:
This study outlines the prevalence of CV risk factors and the findings of the pretransplant CV workup among KTx candidates who underwent KTx. Multicenter national studies will be helpful to validate the generalizability of these findings.
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25
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Sun B, Liu J, Li S, Lovell JF, Zhang Y. Imaging of Gastrointestinal Tract Ailments. J Imaging 2023; 9:115. [PMID: 37367463 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9060115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders comprise a diverse range of conditions that can significantly reduce the quality of life and can even be life-threatening in serious cases. The development of accurate and rapid detection approaches is of essential importance for early diagnosis and timely management of GI diseases. This review mainly focuses on the imaging of several representative gastrointestinal ailments, such as inflammatory bowel disease, tumors, appendicitis, Meckel's diverticulum, and others. Various imaging modalities commonly used for the gastrointestinal tract, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and multimodal imaging with mode overlap are summarized. These achievements in single and multimodal imaging provide useful guidance for improved diagnosis, staging, and treatment of the corresponding gastrointestinal diseases. The review evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of different imaging techniques and summarizes the development of imaging techniques used for diagnosing gastrointestinal ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Silu Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yumiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Abstract
Over the last half century, the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) has been quantified in a variety of cell types and disease states. With the spread of nonlinear optical microscopy techniques in biomedical research, NADH and FAD imaging has offered an attractive solution to noninvasively monitor cell and tissue status and elucidate dynamic changes in cell or tissue metabolism. Various tools and methods to measure the temporal, spectral, and spatial properties of NADH and FAD autofluorescence have been developed. Specifically, an optical redox ratio of cofactor fluorescence intensities and NADH fluorescence lifetime parameters have been used in numerous applications, but significant work remains to mature this technology for understanding dynamic changes in metabolism. This article describes the current understanding of our optical sensitivity to different metabolic pathways and highlights current challenges in the field. Recent progress in addressing these challenges and acquiring more quantitative information in faster and more metabolically relevant formats is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA;
- Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Arkansas Integrative Metabolic Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Thanigainathan T, Sharma A, Patel C, Seth S, Roy A, Pandey AK, Gupta P, Kumar R, Kumar P, Bal CS. Imaging of cardiac sympathetic dysfunction with 18F-FDOPA PET/CT in patients with heart failure: a pilot study. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:1147-1157. [PMID: 36474068 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine use of cardiac sympathetic imaging in HF has been limited by the lower availability/sensitivity of radiotracers. This study was aimed to assess the feasibility of 18F-FDOPA (commonly available PET-radiotracer) in assessment of cardiac autonomic dysfunction. METHODS Twenty-four controls (46.5 ± 11.1 years, 16men) and 24 patients (43.5 ± 11.0 years, 18men) with diagnosed HF (Framingham-Criteria) underwent cardiac-PET/CT. Region(s) Of Interest were drawn over entire left ventricular myocardium (LV), individual walls, and mediastinum (M). Coefficient of Variation (CV) was calculated from individual wall counts. RESULTS HF patients had significantly lower myocardial 18F-FDOPA uptake (P < .001, independent t test) than controls [32.4% ± 9.5% global reduction; highest in apex (39.9% ± 7.0%)]. A cut-off of LV/M ≤ 1.68 could differentiate patients from controls with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 95.8%, respectively. LV/M correlated positively with EF (Pearson coefficient = 0.460, P .031). During follow-up, 3 patients were lost to follow-up, 4 died (survival-20.5 ± 4 months), 2 worsened, and 15 remained stable/showed mild improvement. Patients who worsened/died during follow-up had higher CV than those with stable/improving symptoms [0.16 ± 0.05 vs 0.11 ± 0.05, P value .069 (independent t test); Cox regression P = .084]. CONCLUSION Myocardial 18F-FDOPA uptake in patients with HF is significantly reduced. Higher reduction is seen in those with lower EF. CV, a maker of regional heterogeneity, is a potential prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, HBCHRC (Tata Memorial Centre), Mullanpur, Punjab, India
| | - Chetan Patel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sandeep Seth
- Department of Cardiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Ashique S, Anand K. Radiolabelled Extracellular Vesicles as Imaging Modalities for Precise Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051426. [PMID: 37242668 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) have been abandoned as bio-inspired drug delivery systems (DDS) in the biomedical field. ECVs have a natural ability to cross over extracellular and intracellular barriers, making them superior to manufactured nanoparticles. Additionally, they have the ability to move beneficial biomolecules among far-flung bodily cells. These advantages and the accomplishment of favorable in vivo results convincingly show the value of ECVs in medication delivery. The usage of ECVs is constantly being improved, as it might be difficult to develop a consistent biochemical strategy that is in line with their useful clinical therapeutic uses. Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) have the potential to enhance the therapy of diseases. Imaging technologies, particularly radiolabelled imaging, have been exploited for non-invasive tracking to better understand their in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharat Institute of Technology (BIT), School of Pharmacy, Meerut 250103, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Beyer D, Vaccarin C, Deupi X, Mapanao AK, Cohrs S, Sozzi-Guo F, Grundler PV, van der Meulen NP, Wang J, Tanriver M, Bode JW, Schibli R, Müller C. A tool for nuclear imaging of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor: molecular model and preclinical development of ACE2-selective radiopeptides. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:32. [PMID: 37074529 PMCID: PMC10113987 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-00979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2)-entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2-and its homologue, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), play a pivotal role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Potential changes in ACE2 expression levels and dynamics after SARS-CoV-2 infection have been barely investigated. The aim of this study was to develop an ACE2-targeting imaging agent as a noninvasive imaging tool to determine ACE2 regulation. METHODS DOTA-DX600, NODAGA-DX600 and HBED-CC-DX600 were obtained through custom synthesis and labeled with gallium-67 (T1/2 = 3.26 d) as a surrogate radioisotope for gallium-68 (T1/2 = 68 min). ACE2- and ACE-transfected HEK cells were used for the in vitro evaluation of these radiopeptides. The in vivo tissue distribution profiles of the radiopeptides were assessed in HEK-ACE2 and HEK-ACE xenografted mice and imaging studies were performed using SPECT/CT. RESULTS The highest molar activity was obtained for [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DX600 (60 MBq/nmol), whereas the labeling efficiency of the other peptides was considerably lower (20 MBq/nmol). The radiopeptides were stable over 24 h in saline (> 99% intact peptide). All radiopeptides showed uptake in HEK-ACE2 cells (36-43%) with moderate ACE2-binding affinity (KD value: 83-113 nM), but no uptake in HEK-ACE cells (< 0.1%) was observed. Accumulation of the radiopeptides was observed in HEK-ACE2 xenografts (11-16% IA/g) at 3 h after injection, but only background signals were seen in HEK-ACE xenografts (< 0.5% IA/g). Renal retention was still high 3 h after injection of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-DX600 and [67Ga]Ga-NODAGA-DX600 (~ 24% IA/g), but much lower for [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DX600 (7.2 ± 2.2% IA/g). SPECT/CT imaging studies confirmed the most favorable target-to-nontarget ratio for [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DX600. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated ACE2 selectivity for all radiopeptides. [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DX600 was revealed as the most promising candidate due to its favorable tissue distribution profile. Importantly, the HBED-CC chelator enabled 67Ga-labeling at high molar activity, which would be essential to obtain images with high signal-to-background contrast to detect (patho)physiological ACE2 expression levels in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Beyer
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christian Vaccarin
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Deupi
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Division of Scientific Computing, Theory, and Data, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Katrina Mapanao
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Susan Cohrs
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Fan Sozzi-Guo
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Pascal V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jinling Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Tanriver
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W Bode
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Trencsényi G, Képes Z. Scandium-44: Diagnostic Feasibility in Tumor-Related Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087400. [PMID: 37108559 PMCID: PMC10138813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis-related cell-surface molecules, including integrins, aminopeptidase N, vascular endothelial growth factor, and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), play a crucial role in tumour formation. Radiolabelled imaging probes targeting angiogenic biomarkers serve as valuable vectors in tumour identification. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in novel radionuclides other than gallium-68 (68Ga) or copper-64 (64Cu) to establish selective radiotracers for the imaging of tumour-associated neo-angiogenesis. Given its ideal decay characteristics (Eβ+average: 632 KeV) and a half-life (T1/2 = 3.97 h) that is well matched to the pharmacokinetic profile of small molecules targeting angiogenesis, scandium-44 (44Sc) has gained meaningful attention as a promising radiometal for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. More recently, intensive research has been centered around the investigation of 44Sc-labelled angiogenesis-directed radiopharmaceuticals. Previous studies dealt with the evaluation of 44Sc-appended avb3 integrin-affine Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptides, GRPR-selective aminobenzoyl-bombesin analogue (AMBA), and hypoxia-associated nitroimidazole derivatives in the identification of various cancers using experimental tumour models. Given the tumour-related hypoxia- and angiogenesis-targeting capability of these PET probes, 44Sc seems to be a strong competitor of the currently used positron emitters in radiotracer development. In this review, we summarize the preliminary preclinical achievements with 44Sc-labelled angiogenesis-specific molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Drescher R, Gröber S, Freesmeyer M, Greiser J. Preparation and labelling of red blood cells with [ 68Ga]Ga-oxine for PET/CT imaging of the human spleen. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 118-119:108333. [PMID: 36940567 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the introduction of automated synthetization methods, the in-house production of several 68Ga-based tracers became feasible in hospital laboratories. We describe a possible standard operating procedure (SOP) for [68Ga]Ga-oxine-labeled heat-denaturated erythrocytes, which can be used for selective imaging in patients with splenic disorders. METHODS Heat-denaturated erythrocytes were labeled with [68Ga]Ga-oxine, which was produced from 68Ga and 8-hydroxyquinoline on an automated synthesizer. The workflow was validated in a good manufacturing/good radiopharmaceutical practice (GMP/GRP) certified laboratory. A patient underwent [68Ga]Ga-oxine-erythrocyte PET/CT for differentiation of an intrapancreatic mass. RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-oxine and [68Ga]Ga-oxine-labeled erythrocytes could be synthesized reproducibly and reliably. The products met GMP quality standards. The tracer showed high accumulation in the intrapancreatic mass, consistent with an accessory spleen. CONCLUSIONS PET/CT imaging with [68Ga]Ga-oxine-labeled, heat-denaturated erythrocytes can be a backup method for the differentiation of functioning splenic tissue from tumors. An SOP for the production of the tracer in a clinical setting could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Drescher
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gröber
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Freesmeyer
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Julia Greiser
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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[ 99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-RM2: A potential SPECT probe targeting GRPR expression in prostate cancers. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 118-119:108331. [PMID: 36933456 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated density of gastrin releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) in prostate cancer has led to exploration of several radiolabeled peptides for imaging and staging of the disease. The GRPR antagonist peptide RM2 has been successfully conjugated with several chelators and radiolabeled with gallium-68. The goal of this study was to synthesize a 99mTc-labeled probe and investigate its potential for SPECT imaging of prostate cancer. Towards this HYNIC-RM2 peptide conjugate was synthesized, radiolabeled with 99mTc and evaluated in GRPR-positive PC3 tumor xenografts. METHODS HYNIC-RM2 was manually synthesized by standard Fmoc solid phase strategy and radiolabeled with 99mTc. In vitro cell studies were performed in GRPR-positive human prostate carcinoma (PC3) cells. Metabolic stability studies of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-RM2 were performed in normal mice in the presence as well as absence of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor, phosphoramidon (PA). Biodistribution and imaging studies of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-RM2 were performed in SCID mice bearing PC3-xenograft. RESULTS [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-RM2 exhibited high binding affinity in low nanomolar range (Kd = 1.83 ± 0.31 nM). Metabolic stability studies in mice indicated that in the absence of PA, radiolabeled peptide was about 65 % intact in the blood at 15 min p.i., whereas proportion of intact radiolabeled peptide was enhanced to 90 % on co-administration of PA. Biodistribution studies in PC3 tumor bearing mice demonstrated high tumor uptake (8.02 ± 0.9%ID/g and 6.13 ± 0.44%ID/g at 1 h and 3 h p.i.). Co-administration of PA with the radiolabeled peptide resulted in further enhancement of tumor uptake (14.24 ± 0.76 % ID/g and 11.71 ± 0.59%ID/g at 1 h and 3 h p.i.). SPECT/CT images of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-RM2 could clearly visualize the tumor. Significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the tumor uptake with a co-injected blocking dose of unlabeled peptide ascertained the GRPR specificity of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-RM2. CONCLUSION Encouraging results obtained in biodistribution and imaging studies indicate the potential of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-RM2 for further exploration as GRPR targeting agent.
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Chen L, Lyu Y, Zhang X, Zheng L, Li Q, Ding D, Chen F, Liu Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Wang Z, Xie T, Zhang Q, Sima Y, Li K, Xu S, Ren T, Xiong M, Wu Y, Song J, Yuan L, Yang H, Zhang XB, Tan W. Molecular imaging: design mechanism and bioapplications. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Kong L, He Q, Li Q, Schreiber R, Kaitin KI, Shao L. Rapid progress in neuroimaging technologies fuels central nervous system translational medicine. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103485. [PMID: 36623797 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery suffers from high attrition rates; translational neuroscience approaches aiming to reduce these high rates include the use of brain imaging technologies. However, there is a need to better understand what methods are being used and for what diseases and purposes. Our analysis of the literature found that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were the neuroimaging techniques used most often in clinical trials for the most prevalent CNS diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), depression, and schizophrenia. Moreover, the number of initiated clinical trials using MRI, PET, and SPECT increased over the period 1981-2021. Such insights indicate that the significant increase in the use of neuroimaging studies could decrease the attrition of novel drug candidates in late clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Shanghai Center for iDrug Discovery & Development, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rudy Schreiber
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Section Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth I Kaitin
- Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development (CSDD), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Center for iDrug Discovery & Development, 826 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, No. 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Radiogenomics in Renal Cancer Management-Current Evidence and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054615. [PMID: 36902045 PMCID: PMC10003020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cancer management is challenging from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up. In cases of small renal masses and cystic lesions the differential diagnosis of benign or malignant tissues has potential pitfalls when imaging or even renal biopsy is applied. The recent artificial intelligence, imaging techniques, and genomics advancements have the ability to help clinicians set the stratification risk, treatment selection, follow-up strategy, and prognosis of the disease. The combination of radiomics features and genomics data has achieved good results but is currently limited by the retrospective design and the small number of patients included in clinical trials. The road ahead for radiogenomics is open to new, well-designed prospective studies, with large cohorts of patients required to validate previously obtained results and enter clinical practice.
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Fares J, Davis ZB, Rechberger JS, Toll SA, Schwartz JD, Daniels DJ, Miller JS, Khatua S. Advances in NK cell therapy for brain tumors. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:17. [PMID: 36792722 PMCID: PMC9932101 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment regimens that comprise surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, outcome of many brain tumors remains dismal, more so when they recur. The proximity of brain tumors to delicate neural structures often precludes complete surgical resection. Toxicity and long-term side effects of systemic therapy remain a concern. Novel therapies are warranted. The field of NK cell-based cancer therapy has grown exponentially and currently constitutes a major area of immunotherapy innovation. This provides a new avenue for the treatment of cancerous lesions in the brain. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which the brain tumor microenvironment suppresses NK cell mediated tumor control, and the methods being used to create NK cell products that subvert immune suppression. We discuss the pre-clinical studies evaluating NK cell-based immunotherapies that target several neuro-malignancies and highlight advances in molecular imaging of NK cells that allow monitoring of NK cell-based therapeutics. We review current and ongoing NK cell based clinical trials in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zachary B Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Julian S Rechberger
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Stephanie A Toll
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jonathan D Schwartz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Section of Neuro-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Section of Neuro-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Soloukey S, Vincent AJPE, Smits M, De Zeeuw CI, Koekkoek SKE, Dirven CMF, Kruizinga P. Functional imaging of the exposed brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1087912. [PMID: 36845427 PMCID: PMC9947297 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1087912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
When the brain is exposed, such as after a craniotomy in neurosurgical procedures, we are provided with the unique opportunity for real-time imaging of brain functionality. Real-time functional maps of the exposed brain are vital to ensuring safe and effective navigation during these neurosurgical procedures. However, current neurosurgical practice has yet to fully harness this potential as it pre-dominantly relies on inherently limited techniques such as electrical stimulation to provide functional feedback to guide surgical decision-making. A wealth of especially experimental imaging techniques show unique potential to improve intra-operative decision-making and neurosurgical safety, and as an added bonus, improve our fundamental neuroscientific understanding of human brain function. In this review we compare and contrast close to twenty candidate imaging techniques based on their underlying biological substrate, technical characteristics and ability to meet clinical constraints such as compatibility with surgical workflow. Our review gives insight into the interplay between technical parameters such sampling method, data rate and a technique's real-time imaging potential in the operating room. By the end of the review, the reader will understand why new, real-time volumetric imaging techniques such as functional Ultrasound (fUS) and functional Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (fPACT) hold great clinical potential for procedures in especially highly eloquent areas, despite the higher data rates involved. Finally, we will highlight the neuroscientific perspective on the exposed brain. While different neurosurgical procedures ask for different functional maps to navigate surgical territories, neuroscience potentially benefits from all these maps. In the surgical context we can uniquely combine healthy volunteer studies, lesion studies and even reversible lesion studies in in the same individual. Ultimately, individual cases will build a greater understanding of human brain function in general, which in turn will improve neurosurgeons' future navigational efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Soloukey
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Marion Smits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pieter Kruizinga
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Pieter Kruizinga,
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Molecular Imaging Diagnosis of Renal Cancer Using 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT and Girentuximab PET-CT-Current Evidence and Future Development of Novel Techniques. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040593. [PMID: 36832081 PMCID: PMC9954934 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel molecular imaging opportunities to preoperatively diagnose renal cell carcinoma is under development and will add more value in limiting the postoperative renal function loss and morbidity. We aimed to comprehensively review the research on single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) molecular imaging and to enhance the urologists' and radiologists' knowledge of the current research pattern. We identified an increase in prospective and also retrospective studies that researched to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions and between different clear cell renal cell carcinoma subtypes, with small numbers of patients studied, nonetheless with excellent results on specificity, sensitivity and accuracy, especially for 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT that delivers quick results compared to a long acquisition time for girentuximab PET-CT, which instead gives better image quality. Nuclear medicine has helped clinicians in evaluating primary and secondary lesions, and has lately returned with new and exciting insights with novel radiotracers to reinforce its diagnostic potential in renal carcinoma. To further limit the renal function loss and post-surgery morbidity, future research is mandatory to validate the results and to clinically implement the diagnostic techniques in the context of precision medicine.
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Alqahtani FF. SPECT/CT and PET/CT, related radiopharmaceuticals, and areas of application and comparison. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:312-328. [PMID: 36942267 PMCID: PMC10023548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper begins by identifying the key historical elements in the development of nuclear medicine imaging, focusing on the Anger camera and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technologies. In this context, key reference is made to the physics of detection in Anger camera systems, especially key components such as the sodium iodide crystal, the function and performance of photomultiplier tubes, and the collimator design. It is discovered that within each component of technology, there are fundamental physical relationships that govern the performance of each component, and that overall image quality is the result of the complex interaction of all such elements. The increasing use of SPECT/CT imaging is described and illustrated with a range of typical clinical applications, which include brain, spinal, cardiac, and cancer studies. The use of CT imaging functionality allows for SPECT image correction based on compensation for absorption within tissue. Reference is also made to the basics of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and, in particular, to the integration of PET/CT systems where the anatomy profile of the CT image is used to provide correction for photon absorption. A summary is provided of the radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals commonly used in PET/CT imaging and a range of image studies referenced includes those of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung cancer investigation, brain investigation (cancer detection and dementia) and cardiac function. Reference is made to the development of "time of flight" (TOF) technology for improving of image resolution in PET/CT systems. Furthermore, SPECT/CT and PET/CT imaging systems are compared, where a key factor identified is the significantly higher number of photons detected with PET/CT technology and improved image resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz F. Alqahtani
- Corresponding author at: Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia.
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van Rijsewijk ND, IJpma FFA, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Glaudemans AWJM. Molecular Imaging of Fever of Unknown Origin: An Update. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:4-17. [PMID: 35902280 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
18F-FDG PET/CT, 67Ga-citrate and white blood cell (WBC) scintigraphy are molecular imaging techniques currently used in the diagnostic workup of fever of unknown origin. However, it is unknown which technique fits which patient group best. A systematic literature search has been performed for original articles regarding the use of molecular imaging in fever of unknown origin. A total of 820 eligible studies were screened of which 63 articles evaluating 5094 patients met the inclusion criteria. 18F-FDG PET/CT provided good diagnostic accuracy (with a weighted mean sensitivity, specificity, positive predicting value, negative predictive value, accuracy and helpfulness of 84.4%, 61.8%, 80.7%, 67.8%, 76.3%, and 61.1%, respectively). Even within specific patient groups such as children, elderly, patients with connective tissue diseases, patients on renal replacement therapy, and HIV-infected patients, 18F-FDG PET/CT provided good diagnostic values. For 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy, the weighted mean sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and helpfulness were 42.2%, 80.3%, 82.4%, 41.9%, and 42.2%, respectively. WBC scintigraphy shows a weighted mean sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 73.5%, 86.3%, 79.1%, 82.4%, and 79.5%, respectively. However, compared to 67Ga-citrate and WBC scintigraphy, significantly more research has been performed using 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT has the advantage of relatively short procedural duration; it is therefore the preferred molecular diagnostic imaging technique. 67Ga-citrate and WBC scintigraphy can only be considered if 18F-FDG PET/CT is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick D van Rijsewijk
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank F A IJpma
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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[ 18F]mFBG PET-CT for detection and localisation of neuroblastoma: a prospective pilot study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1146-1157. [PMID: 36504277 PMCID: PMC9931849 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Meta-[18F]fluorobenzylguanidine ([18F]mFBG) is a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer that allows for fast and high-resolution imaging of tumours expressing the norepinephrine transporter. This pilot study investigates the feasibility of [18F]mFBG PET-CT for imaging in neuroblastoma. METHODS In a prospective, single-centre study, we recruited children with neuroblastoma, referred for meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine ([123I]mIBG) scanning, consisting of total body planar scintigraphy in combination with single-photon emission computed tomography-CT (SPECT-CT). Within two weeks of [123I]mIBG scanning, total body PET-CTs were performed at 1 h and 2 h after injection of [18F]mFBG (2 MBq/kg). Detected tumour localisations on scan pairs were compared. Soft tissue disease was quantified by number of lesions and skeletal disease by SIOPEN score. RESULTS Twenty paired [123I]mIBG and [18F]mFBG scans were performed in 14 patients (median age 4.9 years, n = 13 stage 4 disease and n = 1 stage 4S). [18F]mFBG injection was well tolerated and no related adverse events occurred in any of the patients. Mean scan time for [18F]mFBG PET-CT (9.0 min, SD 1.9) was significantly shorter than for [123I]mIBG scanning (84.5 min, SD 10.5), p < 0.01. Most tumour localisations were detected on the 1 h versus 2 h post-injection [18F]mFBG PET-CT. Compared to [123I]mIBG scanning, [18F]mFBG PET-CT detected a higher, equal, and lower number of soft tissue lesions in 40%, 55%, and 5% of scan pairs, respectively, and a higher, equal, and lower SIOPEN score in 55%, 30%, and 15% of scan pairs, respectively. On average, two more soft tissue lesions and a 6-point higher SIOPEN score were detected per patient on [18F]mFBG PET-CT compared to [123I]mIBG scanning. CONCLUSION Results of this study demonstrate feasibility of [18F]mFBG PET-CT for neuroblastoma imaging. More neuroblastoma localisations were detected on [18F]mFBG PET-CT compared to [123I]mIBG scanning. [18F]mFBG PET-CT shows promise for future staging and response assessment in neuroblastoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch Trial Register NL8152.
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Modern Developments in Bifunctional Chelator Design for Gallium Radiopharmaceuticals. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010203. [PMID: 36615397 PMCID: PMC9822085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The positron-emitting radionuclide gallium-68 has become increasingly utilised in both preclinical and clinical settings with positron emission tomography (PET). The synthesis of radiochemically pure gallium-68 radiopharmaceuticals relies on careful consideration of the coordination chemistry. The short half-life of 68 min necessitates rapid quantitative radiolabelling (≤10 min). Desirable radiolabelling conditions include near-neutral pH, ambient temperatures, and low chelator concentrations to achieve the desired apparent molar activity. This review presents a broad overview of the requirements of an efficient bifunctional chelator in relation to the aqueous coordination chemistry of gallium. Developments in bifunctional chelator design and application are then presented and grouped according to eight categories of bifunctional chelator: the macrocyclic chelators DOTA and TACN; the acyclic HBED, pyridinecarboxylates, siderophores, tris(hydroxypyridinones), and DTPA; and the mesocyclic diazepines.
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Potential of Nuclear Imaging Techniques to Study the Oral Delivery of Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122809. [PMID: 36559303 PMCID: PMC9780892 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are small biomolecules known to stimulate or inhibit important functions in the human body. The clinical use of peptides by oral delivery, however, is very limited due to their sensitive structure and physiological barriers present in the gastrointestinal tract. These barriers can be overcome with chemical and mechanical approaches protease inhibitors, permeation enhancers, and polymeric encapsulation. Studying the success of these approaches pre-clinically with imaging techniques such as fluorescence imaging (IVIS) and optical microscopy is difficult due to the lack of in-depth penetration. In comparison, nuclear imaging provides a better platform to observe the gastrointestinal transit and quantitative distribution of radiolabeled peptides. This review provides a brief background on the oral delivery of peptides and states examples from the literature on how nuclear imaging can help to observe and analyze the gastrointestinal transit of oral peptides. The review connects the fields of peptide delivery and nuclear medicine in an interdisciplinary way to potentially overcome the challenges faced during the study of oral peptide formulations.
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Huang JY, Lin YH, Hung CL, Chen WP, Tamaki N, Bax JJ, Morris DA, Korosoglou G, Wu YW. Editorial: Atherosclerosis and functional imaging. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1053100. [PMID: 36561766 PMCID: PMC9767462 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1053100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jei-Yie Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nagara Tamaki
- Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jeroen J. Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniel A. Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grigorios Korosoglou
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, GRN Hospital Weinheim, Weinheim, Germany
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Yen-Wen Wu
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Automated GMP Production and Preclinical Evaluation of [ 68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA and [ 68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122695. [PMID: 36559188 PMCID: PMC9783202 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
[68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA and [68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA are two novel radiotracers suitable for functional PET liver imaging. Due to their specific liver uptake and biliary excretion, the tracers may be applied for segmental liver function quantification, gall tree imaging and the differential diagnosis of liver nodules. The purpose of this study was to investigate problems that occurred initially during the development of the GMP compliant synthesis procedure and to evaluate the tracers in a preclinical model. After low radiolabeling yields were attributed to precursor instability at high temperatures, an optimized radiolabeling procedure was established. Quality controls were in accordance with Ph. Eur. requirements and gave compliant results, although the method for the determination of the 68Ga colloid is partially inhibited due to the presence of a radioactive by-product. The determination of logP revealed [68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA (ethoxy bearing) to be more lipophilic than [68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA (methoxy bearing). Accordingly, biodistribution studies in an in ovo model showed a higher liver uptake for [68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA. In dynamic in ovo PET imaging, rapid tracer accumulation in the liver was observed. Similarly, the activity in the intestines rose steadily within the first hour p.i., indicating biliary excretion. As [68Ga]Ga-TEoS-DAZA and [68Ga]Ga-TMoS-DAZA can be prepared according to GMP guidelines, transition into the early clinical phase is now possible.
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Dabiri M, Dehghani Firouzabadi F, Yang K, Barker PB, Lee RR, Yousem DM. Neuroimaging in schizophrenia: A review article. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1042814. [PMID: 36458043 PMCID: PMC9706110 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1042814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article we have consolidated the imaging literature of patients with schizophrenia across the full spectrum of modalities in radiology including computed tomography (CT), morphologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). We look at the impact of various subtypes of schizophrenia on imaging findings and the changes that occur with medical and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) therapy. Our goal was a comprehensive multimodality summary of the findings of state-of-the-art imaging in untreated and treated patients with schizophrenia. Clinical imaging in schizophrenia is used to exclude structural lesions which may produce symptoms that may mimic those of patients with schizophrenia. Nonetheless one finds global volume loss in the brains of patients with schizophrenia with associated increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and decreased gray matter volume. These features may be influenced by the duration of disease and or medication use. For functional studies, be they fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), rs-fMRI, task-based fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) or MEG there generally is hypoactivation and disconnection between brain regions. However, these findings may vary depending upon the negative or positive symptomatology manifested in the patients. MR spectroscopy generally shows low N-acetylaspartate from neuronal loss and low glutamine (a neuroexcitatory marker) but glutathione may be elevated, particularly in non-treatment responders. The literature in schizophrenia is difficult to evaluate because age, gender, symptomatology, comorbidities, therapy use, disease duration, substance abuse, and coexisting other psychiatric disorders have not been adequately controlled for, even in large studies and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dabiri
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter B. Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roland R. Lee
- Department of Radiology, UCSD/VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - David M. Yousem
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: David M. Yousem,
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Folate-based radiotracers for nuclear imaging and radionuclide therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nalliah S, Zacho HD. The value of 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer and inconclusive standard imaging at primary staging. Nucl Med Commun 2022; 43:1092-1098. [PMID: 35950348 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current standard imaging recommended for primary staging of intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) consists of bone scintigraphy (BS) and computed tomography (CT). Some patients will have equivocal lesions or divergent findings on BS and CT, leading to inconclusive disease staging. Our aim was to investigate the value of 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in PCa with inconclusive disease stage based on standard imaging. METHODS We made a single-center study of patients with newly diagnosed PCa who underwent a 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT due to equivocal findings or discrepancies between BS and CT from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020. The value of 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was evaluated for each location of equivocal findings (regional lymphnode, nonregional lymphnodes, bones and other metastases) and on a patient level. RESULTS Seventy-six patients were included in the study (62 patients with 72 equivocal lesions, 14 with discrepancy between BS and CT). Equivocal lesions were predominately in the bones (61%, 44/72), or in the regional lymph nodes (17%, 12/72). 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT provided a conclusive diagnosis in 90% (65/72) of the equivocal lesions. All patients with discrepancies between BS and CT had definite answers after 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT also uncovered 32 additional sites of metastasis in 25 patients not visible by standard imaging. CONCLUSION 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT provides a definite disease stage in more than 90% of newly diagnosed patients with inconclusive standard imaging. Furthermore, it revealed additional sites of metastasis in 25 patients not detected by standard imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surenth Nalliah
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital
| | - Helle D Zacho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Positron Emission Tomography Probes for Imaging Cytotoxic Immune Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102040. [PMID: 36297474 PMCID: PMC9610635 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of immune cells is a powerful approach for monitoring the dynamics of immune cells in response to immunotherapy. Despite the clinical success of many immunotherapeutic agents, their clinical efficacy is limited to a subgroup of patients. Conventional imaging, as well as analysis of tissue biopsies and blood samples do not reflect the complex interaction between tumour and immune cells. Consequently, PET probes are being developed to capture the dynamics of such interactions, which may improve patient stratification and treatment evaluation. The clinical efficacy of cancer immunotherapy relies on both the infiltration and function of cytotoxic immune cells at the tumour site. Thus, various immune biomarkers have been investigated as potential targets for PET imaging of immune response. Herein, we provide an overview of the most recent developments in PET imaging of immune response, including the radiosynthesis approaches employed in their development.
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Lee IK, Jacome DA, Cho JK, Tu V, Young AJ, Dominguez T, Northrup JD, Etersque JM, Lee HS, Ruff A, Aklilu O, Bittinger K, Glaser LJ, Dorgan D, Hadjiliadis D, Kohli RM, Mach RH, Mankoff DA, Doot RK, Sellmyer MA. Imaging sensitive and drug-resistant bacterial infection with [11C]-trimethoprim. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:156679. [PMID: 36106638 PMCID: PMC9479701 DOI: 10.1172/jci156679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several molecular imaging strategies can identify bacterial infections in humans. PET affords the potential for sensitive infection detection deep within the body. Among PET-based approaches, antibiotic-based radiotracers, which often target key bacterial-specific enzymes, have considerable promise. One question for antibiotic radiotracers is whether antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reduces specific accumulation within bacteria, diminishing the predictive value of the diagnostic test. METHODS Using a PET radiotracer based on the antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP), [11C]-TMP, we performed in vitro uptake studies in susceptible and drug-resistant bacterial strains and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in selected strains to identify TMP resistance mechanisms. Next, we queried the NCBI database of annotated bacterial genomes for WT and resistant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes. Finally, we initiated a first-in-human protocol of [11C]-TMP in patients infected with both TMP-sensitive and TMP-resistant organisms to demonstrate the clinical feasibility of the tool. RESULTS We observed robust [11C]-TMP uptake in our panel of TMP-sensitive and -resistant bacteria, noting relatively variable and decreased uptake in a few strains of P. aeruginosa and E. coli. WGS showed that the vast majority of clinically relevant bacteria harbor a WT copy of DHFR, targetable by [11C]-TMP, and that despite the AMR, these strains should be “imageable.” Clinical imaging of patients with [11C]-TMP demonstrated focal radiotracer uptake in areas of infectious lesions. CONCLUSION This work highlights an approach to imaging bacterial infection in patients, which could affect our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis as well as our ability to better diagnose infections and monitor response to therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03424525. FUNDING Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, NIH Office of the Director Early Independence Award (DP5-OD26386), and University of Pennsylvania NIH T32 Radiology Research Training Grant (5T32EB004311-12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris K. Lee
- Department of Radiology and
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Vincent Tu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jean M. Etersque
- Department of Radiology and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kyle Bittinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laurel J. Glaser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Dorgan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Denis Hadjiliadis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Rahul M. Kohli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark A. Sellmyer
- Department of Radiology and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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